Hec Forum最新文献_第4页

Ritual and Power in Medicine: Questioning Honor Walks in Organ Donation 医学中的仪式与权力：质疑器官捐献中的荣誉之行

IF 1.5 4区哲学

Hec Forum Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-024-09525-6

引用次数: 0

"Follow the Science" in COVID-19 Policy: A Scoping Review. COVID-19 政策中的 "遵循科学"：范围审查。

IF 1.5 4区哲学

Hec Forum Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-024-09521-w

Jacob R Greenmyer

{"title":"\"Follow the Science\" in COVID-19 Policy: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Jacob R Greenmyer","doi":"10.1007/s10730-024-09521-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10730-024-09521-w","url":null,"abstract":"\"Follow the science\" was commonly repeated during debates on COVID-19-related policy. The phrase \"follow the science\" raises questions that are central to our theories of knowledge and the application of scientific knowledge to maximize the wellbeing of our society. The purpose of this study was to (1) perform a scoping review of literature discussing \"follow the science\" and COVID-19, and (2) consider \"follow the science\" in the context of pediatric health. A comprehensive search of 14 databases was performed on May 23, 2023. Articles were included if they used terms such as \"follow the science\", \"follow the scientists\", \"listen to science\" or \"listen to scientists\", and discussed COVID-19. There were 24 articles included in the final review. Existing literature on \"follow the science\" (1) differentiates between scientific knowledge and policy decisions; (2) emphasizes the importance of social sciences in policy making; (3) calls for more transparency in the knowledge synthesis and policy generating process; and (4) finds that scientific advisors see their role as advising on science rather than policy decision making. There was no definitional, epistemological, or philosophical intellectual defense of \"follow the science\" in the peer reviewed literature. Policy requires (1) reliable data and (2) agreement on what to do considering those empirical facts by appealing to values, ethics, morality, and law. A review of school shutdowns is used as an example of the inadequacy of \"follow the science\" as a guiding principle for public policy.","PeriodicalId":46160,"journal":{"name":"Hec Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140111831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cost: An Important Question That Must Be Asked. 成本：必须提出的一个重要问题。

IF 1.5 4区哲学

Hec Forum Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-022-09478-8

R Andrew Morgan

引用次数: 0

Responding to Cultural Limitations on Patient Autonomy: A Clinical Ethics Case Study. 应对病人自主权的文化限制：临床伦理案例研究。

IF 1.5 4区哲学

Hec Forum Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-022-09490-y

Sara Kolmes, Christine Ha, Jordan Potter

{"title":"Responding to Cultural Limitations on Patient Autonomy: A Clinical Ethics Case Study.","authors":"Sara Kolmes, Christine Ha, Jordan Potter","doi":"10.1007/s10730-022-09490-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10730-022-09490-y","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a clinical ethics case study which sheds light on several important dilemmas which arise in providing care to patients from cultures with non-individualistic conceptions of autonomy. Medical professionals face a difficult challenge in determining how to respond when families of patients ask that patients not be informed of bad medical news. These requests are often made for cultural reasons, by families seeking to protect patients. In these cases, the right that patients have to their own medical information in order to make autonomous decisions is in tension with the possibility that patients could hold values that require limiting their autonomy with regard to medical information disclosure, often based on the idea that family should take on difficult decision-making as an act of care. We describe one such case, of an 83-year old Russian woman whose husband requested she not be informed of a new cancer diagnosis. The appropriate response to this request was to ask the patient about her values separately, without disclosing any medical information until her values were clear. This patient indicated she wanted the care team to uphold her husband's request. This response makes the importance of determining a patient's values before moving forward with disclosure clear: she would not have wanted to be informed of her cancer. We describe our conversation strategy, which allowed value exploration without disclosure and highlighted that the obligation to respect a patient's autonomy sometimes includes an obligation to allow a patient to choose to limit their own autonomy. This case also highlights that this kind of conversation prioritizes the patient's values rather than the family's or care team's, centering patients in the way that is ethically appropriate.","PeriodicalId":46160,"journal":{"name":"Hec Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40596627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tough Clinical Decisions: Experiences of Polish Physicians. 艰难的临床决定：波兰医生的经验。

IF 1.5 4区哲学

Hec Forum Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-022-09491-x

Joanna Różyńska, Jakub Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Bartosz Maćkiewicz, Marek Czarkowski

{"title":"Tough Clinical Decisions: Experiences of Polish Physicians.","authors":"Joanna Różyńska, Jakub Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Bartosz Maćkiewicz, Marek Czarkowski","doi":"10.1007/s10730-022-09491-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10730-022-09491-x","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reports results of the very first survey-based study on the prevalence, frequency and nature of ethical or other non-medical difficulties faced by Polish physicians in their everyday clinical practice. The study involved 521 physicians of various medical specialties, practicing mainly in inpatient healthcare. The study showed that the majority of Polish physicians encounter ethical and other non-medical difficulties in making clinical decisions. However, they confront such difficulties less frequently than their foreign peers. Moreover, Polish doctors indicate different circumstances as a source of the experienced problems. The difficulties most often reported relate to (i) patients (or their proxies) requests for medically non-indicated interventions; (ii) problems with communication with patients (or their proxies) due to the patients' negative attitude, unwillingness to cooperate, or aggression; and (iii) various difficulties with obtaining informed consent. Polish physicians report difficulties associated with disagreements among care givers or scarcity of resources less frequently than doctors from other countries. The study's findings provide support for the thesis that a significant portion of Polish physicians still follow a traditional, paternalistic, and hierarchical model of healthcare practice. Instead of promoting patient's empowerment, engagement, and rights, they often consider these ideas as a threat to physicians' professional authority and autonomy. The study leads to the conclusion that due to insufficient training in medical ethics, communication skills, and medical law, many Polish physicians lack the knowledge and competence necessary to adequately respond to challenges posed by modern healthcare practice.","PeriodicalId":46160,"journal":{"name":"Hec Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10864525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40679162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Platelets, Puppies, and Payment: How Surveys can be Misleading in the Remuneration Debate. 血小板、小狗和报酬：调查如何在薪酬辩论中产生误导》。

IF 1.5 4区哲学

Hec Forum Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-04-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-022-09481-z

James Stacey Taylor

{"title":"Platelets, Puppies, and Payment: How Surveys can be Misleading in the Remuneration Debate.","authors":"James Stacey Taylor","doi":"10.1007/s10730-022-09481-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10730-022-09481-z","url":null,"abstract":"In a recent article (\"The current state of the platelet supply in the US and proposed options to decrease the risk of critical shortages\") published in Transfusion, Stubbs et al. have argued that platelet donors should be paid. Dodd et al. have argued against this proposal, supporting their response with survey data that shows that blood donors (and by extension platelet donors) and potential platelet donors are uninterested in receiving incentives to encourage them to donate. Instead, argue Dodd et al., prospective platelet donors are motivated more by the ease of donation than the prospect of payment. This article defends Stubbs et al. from the criticisms of Dodd et al. It first argues that the preferences that persons state they have in response to survey questions might not reflect the preferences that their actions would reveal they have in actual rather than hypothetical situations. This hypothetical bias is especially likely when persons respond to surveys that ask them about the performance of morally commendable actions (such as platelet donation). This article then argues that the survey that Dodd et al. rely on exhibits serious selection bias with respect to the set of persons it considers to be potential platelet donors.","PeriodicalId":46160,"journal":{"name":"Hec Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75470332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Suppressing Scientific Discourse on Vaccines? Self-perceptions of researchers and practitioners. 压制关于疫苗的科学言论？研究人员和从业人员的自我认知

IF 1.5 4区哲学

Hec Forum Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-022-09479-7

Ety Elisha, Josh Guetzkow, Yaffa Shir-Raz, Natti Ronel

{"title":"Suppressing Scientific Discourse on Vaccines? Self-perceptions of researchers and practitioners.","authors":"Ety Elisha, Josh Guetzkow, Yaffa Shir-Raz, Natti Ronel","doi":"10.1007/s10730-022-09479-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10730-022-09479-7","url":null,"abstract":"The controversy over vaccines has recently intensified in the wake of the global COVID-19 pandemic, with calls from politicians, health professionals, journalists, and citizens to take harsh measures against so-called \"anti-vaxxers,\" while accusing them of spreading \"fake news\" and as such, of endangering public health. However, the issue of suppression of vaccine dissenters has rarely been studied from the point of view of those who raise concerns about vaccine safety. The purpose of the present study was to examine the subjective perceptions of professionals (physicians, nurses, researchers) involved with vaccines through practice and/or research and who take a critical view on vaccines, about what they perceive as the suppression of dissent in the field of vaccines, their response to it, and its potential implications on science and medicine. Respondents reported being subjected to a variety of censorship and suppression tactics, including the retraction of papers pointing to vaccine safety problems, negative publicity, difficulty in obtaining research funding, calls for dismissal, summonses to official hearings, suspension of medical licenses, and self-censorship. Respondents also reported on what has been termed a \"backfire effect\" - a counter-reaction that draws more attention to the opponents' position. Suppression of dissent impairs scientific discourse and research practice while creating the false impression of scientific consensus.","PeriodicalId":46160,"journal":{"name":"Hec Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9117988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47995084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Building Effective Mentoring Relationships During Clinical Ethics Fellowships: Pedagogy, Programs, and People. 在临床伦理学研究期间建立有效的指导关系：教学法、计划和人员。

IF 1.5 4区哲学

Hec Forum Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-022-09473-z

Trevor M Bibler, Ryan H Nelson, Bryanna Moore, Janet Malek, Mary A Majumder

引用次数: 0

The Need for Specialized Oncology Training for Clinical Ethicists. 临床伦理学家接受肿瘤学专业培训的必要性。

IF 1.5 4区哲学

Hec Forum Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-022-09477-9

Eric C Blackstone, Barbara J Daly

引用次数: 0

The "Ladder of Inference" as a Conflict Management Tool: Working with the "Difficult" Patient or Family in Healthcare Ethics Consultations. 作为冲突管理工具的 "推论阶梯"：在医疗伦理咨询中与 "难缠 "的病人或家属合作。

IF 1.5 4区哲学

Hec Forum Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-022-09476-w

Autumn Fiester

{"title":"The \"Ladder of Inference\" as a Conflict Management Tool: Working with the \"Difficult\" Patient or Family in Healthcare Ethics Consultations.","authors":"Autumn Fiester","doi":"10.1007/s10730-022-09476-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10730-022-09476-w","url":null,"abstract":"Conflict resolution is a core component of healthcare ethics consultation (HEC) and proficiency in this skill set is recognized by the national bioethics organization and its HEC certification process. Difficult interpersonal interactions between the clinical team and patients or their families are often inexorably connected to the normative disputes that are the catalyst for the consult. Ethics consultants are often required to navigate challenging dynamics that have become entrenched and work with patient-provider or family-provider relationships that have already broken down. The first step in conflict resolution is diagnosing the source of the conflict. Because so many interpersonal and normative conflicts rest on misunderstanding and mischaracterization, the diagnosis of the problem requires untangling the actual positions and perspectives of the conflicting parties from the fallacious assumptions made about the parties' respective positions and views. Developed in management science, the Ladder of Inference (LOI) is a diagnostic tool for assisting stakeholders in re-examining the process they used to form beliefs about others involved in the conflict. The LOI is a device that detects errors in reasoning, including implicit racial bias, that lead to false judgments and counterproductive responses to those judgments. The LOI is an instrument that can be used by ethics consultants to help resolve contentious bedside conflicts, but the LOI can also be employed as a teaching tool used by healthcare ethics consultants in training the clinical staff in how to avoid such conflicts in the first place.","PeriodicalId":46160,"journal":{"name":"Hec Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73630750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0