Hec Forum最新文献_第3页

On What Grounds? A Pilot Study of References Used in Clinical Ethics Consultation and Education. 依据是什么？临床伦理咨询和教育中使用的参考文献的试点研究。

IF 1.5 4区哲学

Hec Forum Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-024-09532-7

Kelly Turner, Abram Brummett, Erica Salter

{"title":"On What Grounds? A Pilot Study of References Used in Clinical Ethics Consultation and Education.","authors":"Kelly Turner, Abram Brummett, Erica Salter","doi":"10.1007/s10730-024-09532-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10730-024-09532-7","url":null,"abstract":"In accordance with standards published by the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities (ASBH), ethics consultants are expected to provide recommendations that align with scholarly literature, professional society statements, law, and policy. However, there are no studies to date that characterize the specific references that ethics consultants and educators use to inform their work. To address this gap, a convenience sample of clinical ethics consultants and educators was surveyed online through two major listservs for clinical ethics, the ASBH Clinical Ethics Consultation Affinity Group (CECAG) and the Association of Bioethics Program Directors (ABPD). Ninety-five ethics consultants and/or educators with diverse educational background, credentials, and experience provided responses. In total, 451 references, 315 of which were unique, were reported. These references were broken into 6 categories after analysis: bioethics literature (divided into articles and books), professional society documents (divided into professional society statements and codes of ethics), federal/state/uniform/case law, hospital/health system policies, official religious teachings, and other. We found extensive variation and minimal overlap in the references respondents used for ethics consultation and education, even when referring to the same topics. Future research directions should include conducting more systematic efforts to characterize the references used by ethics consultants across the US; determining whether demographic characteristics of consultants influence the references used; and ascertaining whether the variation in references used reflects genuine disagreements in consultants' and educators' bioethical analysis or recommendations.","PeriodicalId":46160,"journal":{"name":"Hec Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141179463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vaccine Impact Bonds: An Alternative Way of Allocating the Economic Risks of Mass Vaccination Programs. 疫苗影响债券：大规模疫苗接种计划经济风险的另一种分配方式。

IF 1.5 4区哲学

Hec Forum Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-024-09530-9

Pascal René Marcel Kubin

{"title":"Vaccine Impact Bonds: An Alternative Way of Allocating the Economic Risks of Mass Vaccination Programs.","authors":"Pascal René Marcel Kubin","doi":"10.1007/s10730-024-09530-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10730-024-09530-9","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccines can be an appropriate tool for combating pandemics. Accordingly, expectations were high when the first Covid-19 vaccines were administered. However, even though the vaccines have not met these high initial expectations, vaccine manufacturers and their investors were making large profits, while most of the associated economic risks have remained with the taxpaying public. Thus, this paper applies the concept of social impact bonds to mass vaccination programs by conceptualizing vaccine impact bonds (VIBs) as an alternative to the advance purchase agreements (APAs) for Covid-19 vaccines. Rather than rewarding vaccine manufacturers and their investors based on the quantity of doses distributed, VIBs intend to link the real-world vaccine impact to the financial returns of vaccine manufacturers and their investors. This paper indicates that VIBs can theoretically shift the economic risks of mass vaccination programs from the taxpaying public to private investors, thereby aligning commercial and public interests. However, it also identifies several major weaknesses such as the complexity of defining and evaluating the vaccine impact as well as the inherent trade-off between relieving taxpayers (through VIBs) and allowing innovation. As these substantial drawbacks outweigh the theoretical strengths of VIBs, this paper calls for further research in order to identify better alternatives to the Covid-19 vaccine contracts.","PeriodicalId":46160,"journal":{"name":"Hec Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141092636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Against Anti-Abortion Violence. 反对反堕胎暴力。

IF 1.5 4区哲学

Hec Forum Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-024-09531-8

William Simkulet

引用次数: 0

On Seeing Long Shadows: Is Academic Medicine at its Core a Practice of Racial Oppression? 看见长长的阴影：学术医学的核心是种族压迫吗？

IF 1.5 4区哲学

Hec Forum Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-024-09529-2

Thomas S Huddle

{"title":"On Seeing Long Shadows: Is Academic Medicine at its Core a Practice of Racial Oppression?","authors":"Thomas S Huddle","doi":"10.1007/s10730-024-09529-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10730-024-09529-2","url":null,"abstract":"Suggestions that academic medicine is systemically racist are increasingly common in the medical literature. Such suggestions often rely upon expansive notions of systemic racism that are deeply controversial. The author argues for an empirical concept of systemic racism and offers a counter argument to a recent suggestion that academic medicine is systemically racist in its treatment of medical trainees: Anderson et al.'s (Academic Medicine, 98(8S), S28-S36, 2023) \"The Long Shadow: a Historical Perspective on Racism in Medical Education.\" Contra the authors of \"The Long Shadow,\" the author argues that racial performance disparities in medical education cannot be validly attributed to racism without careful empirical confirmation; he further argues that standards of assessment in medical education cannot be properly deemed racist merely because minority trainees are disproportionately disadvantaged by them. Furthermore, the history of medicine and society in the Anglo-European West is not, as argued by the authors of \"The Long Shadow,\" best viewed as one long tale of racial oppression culminating in the present day pervasive racism of academic medicine in the United States. Racism is a deplorable stain on our history and our present but it is not the historical essence of Christianity, European civilization, Western medicine, or contemporary academic medical institutions.","PeriodicalId":46160,"journal":{"name":"Hec Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140899547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prognostic Disclosure to Dying Adolescents Against Parental Wishes: A Point-Counter Point Debate 违背父母意愿向临终青少年披露预后信息：观点对观点的辩论

IF 1.5 4区哲学

Hec Forum Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-024-09526-5

Mariah K. Tanious, Grant Goodrich, Virginia Pedigo, Shelly Ozark, Joshua Arenth

引用次数: 0

Professionalization of Clinical Ethics Consultants: A Need for Liability Protection? 临床伦理顾问的专业化：责任保护的必要性？

IF 1.5 4区哲学

Hec Forum Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-024-09527-4

Claudia R. Sotomayor, Christopher Spevak, Edward R. Grant

{"title":"Professionalization of Clinical Ethics Consultants: A Need for Liability Protection?","authors":"Claudia R. Sotomayor, Christopher Spevak, Edward R. Grant","doi":"10.1007/s10730-024-09527-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10730-024-09527-4","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Ethics Consultation (CEC) has grown significantly in the last decade, and efforts are being made to professionalize the practice. The American Society for Bioethics and Humanities (ASBH) has been instrumental in this process, having published the Code of Ethics and Professional Responsibilities for Healthcare Ethics Consultants and founded and endorsed the creation of the Healthcare Ethics Consultant Certified (HCEC) Certification Commission. The ASBH also published “core competencies” for healthcare ethics consultants and has delineated a clear identity and role of such consultants distinct from that other healthcare professionals. In addition, more enter the field armed with advanced degrees (MA and PhD) or certification in clinical ethics consultation. While some have questioned the trend toward professionalization, the momentum is clearly in its favor. This paper explores three questions: Does the professionalization of healthcare ethics consultation expose those engaged in the field to the types of liability claims faced by professionals in other fields? What specific liabilities could affect a healthcare ethics consultant? And finally, what should healthcare ethics consultants do to protect themselves against liability claims? We conclude that while the risk of liability remains low, those engaged in the field should accept that risk just as part of their status as professionals and, like those in allied professions, seek appropriate protection in the form of liability insurance.","PeriodicalId":46160,"journal":{"name":"Hec Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140802499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ritual and Power in Medicine: Questioning Honor Walks in Organ Donation 医学中的仪式与权力：质疑器官捐献中的荣誉之行

IF 1.5 4区哲学

Hec Forum Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-024-09525-6

引用次数: 0

"Follow the Science" in COVID-19 Policy: A Scoping Review. COVID-19 政策中的 "遵循科学"：范围审查。

IF 1.5 4区哲学

Hec Forum Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-024-09521-w

Jacob R Greenmyer

{"title":"\"Follow the Science\" in COVID-19 Policy: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Jacob R Greenmyer","doi":"10.1007/s10730-024-09521-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10730-024-09521-w","url":null,"abstract":"\"Follow the science\" was commonly repeated during debates on COVID-19-related policy. The phrase \"follow the science\" raises questions that are central to our theories of knowledge and the application of scientific knowledge to maximize the wellbeing of our society. The purpose of this study was to (1) perform a scoping review of literature discussing \"follow the science\" and COVID-19, and (2) consider \"follow the science\" in the context of pediatric health. A comprehensive search of 14 databases was performed on May 23, 2023. Articles were included if they used terms such as \"follow the science\", \"follow the scientists\", \"listen to science\" or \"listen to scientists\", and discussed COVID-19. There were 24 articles included in the final review. Existing literature on \"follow the science\" (1) differentiates between scientific knowledge and policy decisions; (2) emphasizes the importance of social sciences in policy making; (3) calls for more transparency in the knowledge synthesis and policy generating process; and (4) finds that scientific advisors see their role as advising on science rather than policy decision making. There was no definitional, epistemological, or philosophical intellectual defense of \"follow the science\" in the peer reviewed literature. Policy requires (1) reliable data and (2) agreement on what to do considering those empirical facts by appealing to values, ethics, morality, and law. A review of school shutdowns is used as an example of the inadequacy of \"follow the science\" as a guiding principle for public policy.","PeriodicalId":46160,"journal":{"name":"Hec Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140111831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cost: An Important Question That Must Be Asked. 成本：必须提出的一个重要问题。

IF 1.5 4区哲学

Hec Forum Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-022-09478-8

R Andrew Morgan

引用次数: 0

Responding to Cultural Limitations on Patient Autonomy: A Clinical Ethics Case Study. 应对病人自主权的文化限制：临床伦理案例研究。

IF 1.5 4区哲学

Hec Forum Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-022-09490-y

Sara Kolmes, Christine Ha, Jordan Potter

{"title":"Responding to Cultural Limitations on Patient Autonomy: A Clinical Ethics Case Study.","authors":"Sara Kolmes, Christine Ha, Jordan Potter","doi":"10.1007/s10730-022-09490-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10730-022-09490-y","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a clinical ethics case study which sheds light on several important dilemmas which arise in providing care to patients from cultures with non-individualistic conceptions of autonomy. Medical professionals face a difficult challenge in determining how to respond when families of patients ask that patients not be informed of bad medical news. These requests are often made for cultural reasons, by families seeking to protect patients. In these cases, the right that patients have to their own medical information in order to make autonomous decisions is in tension with the possibility that patients could hold values that require limiting their autonomy with regard to medical information disclosure, often based on the idea that family should take on difficult decision-making as an act of care. We describe one such case, of an 83-year old Russian woman whose husband requested she not be informed of a new cancer diagnosis. The appropriate response to this request was to ask the patient about her values separately, without disclosing any medical information until her values were clear. This patient indicated she wanted the care team to uphold her husband's request. This response makes the importance of determining a patient's values before moving forward with disclosure clear: she would not have wanted to be informed of her cancer. We describe our conversation strategy, which allowed value exploration without disclosure and highlighted that the obligation to respect a patient's autonomy sometimes includes an obligation to allow a patient to choose to limit their own autonomy. This case also highlights that this kind of conversation prioritizes the patient's values rather than the family's or care team's, centering patients in the way that is ethically appropriate.","PeriodicalId":46160,"journal":{"name":"Hec Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40596627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0