Environmental Justice最新文献

{"title":"The Water Inside and Out: Drinking Water Data, Disparities, and Regulatory Distinctions Among California's Carceral and Noncarceral Water Systems.","authors":"Jenny Linder Rempel, Kristin Babson Dobbin, Abby Cunniff, Ariana Hernandez","doi":"10.1177/19394071261482069","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19394071261482069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Critical environmental justice calls attention to prisons, jails, and other carceral facilities as sites key to understanding and transforming environmental injustices. Thus far, however, limited research has examined water provision in carceral facilities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study leverages spatial methods to identify the water systems serving 325 California carceral facilities. We then compare water system characteristics and performance measures across 4,250 water systems categorized into three system types: carceral water systems, partially carceral-serving water systems, and other water systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three-quarters of matched California carceral facilities are served by neighboring water systems (i.e., partially carceral-serving systems). The remaining 58 carceral water systems are more likely to be failing or at-risk of failing to meet drinking water standards, and to be regulated as non-community water systems, compared to their partially carceral-serving counterparts. Carceral systems are also more likely to have had recent monitoring violations and be at elevated technical, managerial, and financial capacity risk. We document shared challenges across carceral water systems and other water systems, while highlighting the unique impediments incarcerated people face in remediating water challenges.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>By identifying the water providers for carceral facilities in California and comparing systems across populations served, we make visible water challenges facing both incarcerated and free people. Our findings reveal both similarities and disparities across water systems, as well as key regulatory differences and data gaps. In so doing, this work deepens our understanding of water challenges and opens pathways to shared organizing for water justice.</p>","PeriodicalId":46143,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Justice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13604023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disinfection Byproducts and Inorganic Contaminants in the U.S. Correctional Facility Public Water Systems.","authors":"Ellen Bannon, Wil Lieberman-Cribbin, Raenita Spriggs, Paris B Adkins-Jackson, Yoshira Ornelas Van Horne, Robbie M Parks, Seth J Prins, Anne E Nigra","doi":"10.1177/19394071261437035","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19394071261437035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few studies have evaluated drinking water contaminants for people incarcerated in the United States. We predicted that community water systems (CWSs) that exclusively serve correctional facilities would report elevated contaminant concentrations compared to all other CWSs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Concentrations of inorganic contaminants (arsenic, chromium, fluoride, nitrate, uranium) and disinfection byproducts (total trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids) were derived from routine compliance monitoring records in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Six-Year Review database. We evaluated adjusted geometric means and 90th percentile differences of 2017-2019 average concentrations of inorganic contaminants and disinfection byproducts for 194 correctional facility CWSs (serving 437,394 people) and 42,434 other CWSs. We calculated the population served by correctional facility CWSs equal to or exceeding the U.S. EPA's maximum contaminant level nationwide, by region, and by seasonal monitoring periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the Southwest, correctional facility CWSs reported higher arsenic concentrations (adjusted geometric mean 2.75 μg/L, 95% CI 1.46, 5.19) compared to all other CWSs (1.06 μg/L, 95% CI 1.03, 1.09; p value < 0.001) and higher adjusted 90th percentile arsenic concentrations. In fall, nationwide adjusted 90th percentile concentrations were higher for total trihalomethanes (difference 15.2 μg/L, 95% CI 11.3, 19.2) and haloacetic acids (12.3 μg/L, 95% CI 10.6, 13.9) in correctional facility CWSs compared with all other CWSs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified regional and seasonal inequities in regulated drinking water contaminants impacting people incarcerated in the United States. Comparing our findings to those previously published, inequities in arsenic exposure for people incarcerated in the Southwest have improved since 2006, supporting that regulatory, enforcement, and legal actions have reduced exposures.</p>","PeriodicalId":46143,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Justice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communicating with Community: Using Geographic Information Systems to Convey the Impacts of Extreme Heat in Los Angeles Environmental Justice Communities.","authors":"Mia Fong, An-Min Wu, Tiffany Rivera, Bhavna Shamasunder, Jill Johnston","doi":"10.1177/19394071251372725","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19394071251372725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Extreme heat is the deadliest weather-related event in the United States, but it is not regarded with the same urgency as other natural disasters. By 2050, Los Angeles is expected to experience about three times as many extreme heat days compared to today, which will likely disproportionately affect environmental justice communities. One barrier to mitigating heat-related vulnerability in frontline communities is a lack of awareness of available resources and adaptation strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Prioritizing Local Action for Climate Equity (PLACE) study aims to bridge this knowledge gap through the usage of maps and map-based presentations in three Los Angeles environmental justice (EJ) neighborhoods: Pacoima, South Los Angeles, and Wilmington. Particularly, print-out maps were utilized during the study's \"Heat and Health\" workshops as educational and discussion tools. Additionally, a collection of ArcGIS StoryMaps was created to share heat resources and information related to heat vulnerability online. These StoryMaps were developed through an iterative process that integrated feedback from community partners, ensuring that the created tools are relevant to and address the needs of residents.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The print-out maps proved to be useful discussion tools and enabled the team to gain a deeper understanding of what resources are utilized during heat events. While community partners thought that the StoryMaps were informative and can serve as an education tool about extreme heat and mitigation strategies, they identified opportunities for improvement, such as enhancing their utility in emergency situations regarding the length and display limitations of the StoryMaps on mobile phones.</p>","PeriodicalId":46143,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Justice","volume":"19 2","pages":"189-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13593349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149018148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear Heritage in the Algerian Sahara: France’s Responsibility in the Context of Corrective Environmental Justice","authors":"Hayriye Sağır, Ayşe Akkaya","doi":"10.1177/19394071251393809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19394071251393809","url":null,"abstract":"Following World War II, the Cold War era witnessed widespread nuclear weapons testing by several nuclear-capable states. These tests, conducted in various regions around the world, caused long-term environmental degradation and serious public health issues for local populations. France, as one of the recognized nuclear powers, played a significant role in this process. Between 1960 and 1966, France conducted 17 nuclear weapons tests in Algeria—4 atmospheric and 13 underground—during the colonial and immediate postcolonial periods. These tests caused radioactive fallout, environmental destruction, and a range of chronic health effects among local communities. In addition to the immediate impacts, France pursued a controversial policy of burying nuclear waste in the Algerian Sahara. Crucially, French authorities have never disclosed the precise locations of these waste disposal sites. Reports by the International Atomic Energy Agency indicate that radiation from these buried materials continues to affect the region, further exacerbating ecological risks and human exposure. The enduring consequences of these nuclear activities—including radioactive contamination, ecological degradation, and the socioeconomic vulnerability of affected populations—raise serious questions regarding historical accountability and justice. Within the framework of corrective environmental justice, this case reveals systemic violations of key environmental rights, such as access to information, community participation, and the right to a healthy environment. The lack of transparency surrounding the location of buried nuclear waste hinders effective remediation and poses ongoing risks to public health and environmental safety. This study argues that France’s nuclear legacy in Algeria should be addressed through a corrective environmental justice approach that includes recognition of harm, disclosure of buried waste locations, and long-overdue compensation or remediation efforts.","PeriodicalId":46143,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Justice","volume":"19 2","pages":"178-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147900143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Procedural Justice in Environmental Decision Making: An Analysis of Public Participation Language in State Level Cumulative Impact Legislation.","authors":"Amy J Schulz, Gretta M Rempel Fisher, Aresha Nadeem, Kathryn Savoie, Barbara A Israel, Theresa Landrum, Erin Stanley, Natalie Sampson","doi":"10.1177/19394071251378360","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19394071251378360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The active engagement of those impacted by environmental decisions is foundational to environmental justice (EJ) movements. EJ advocates and state level policy makers are crafting legislation using cumulative impact (CI) frameworks. We examine language in state-level CI legislation related to public participation, with a particular focus on the degree of public influence in environmental decision-making.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used legislative tracking sites to identify state level CI legislation introduced or passed, 2017 -2024. We extracted language describing mechanisms for public participation and agency accountability, and coded each document using classifications based on the International Organization for Public Participation (IAP2) Spectrum of Public Participation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 44 legislative documents using CI frameworks introduced or passed, 2017-2024. Four (9%) included no public participation language and two (5%) were coded at IAP2's lowest level of public participation, \"inform\" (e.g. providing information). Twenty-four (54%) were coded in IAP2's \"consult\" category (e.g. inviting comments), with six (14%) coded as \"involve\" (e.g., assuring public concerns and aspirations are understood and addressed). Seven (16%) were coded as \"collaborate\" (e.g., active engagement of the public as partners in decision-making) and one (2%) was coded in the \"empower\" category (e.g. community members making the decisions).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Effective and just environmental governance requires collaborative and empowered decision making. Language in most state policies using CI frameworks falls short of collaborative or empowered public participation. Those with collaborative and empowered approaches to public participation offer important models for expanding public influence in environmental decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":46143,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Justice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12560229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145402407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining \"Overburdened Communities\" in State Level Legislation Using Cumulative Impacts Frameworks to Inform Environmental Decision-Making: Implications for Environmental and Health Justice.","authors":"Amy J Schulz, Gretta M Rempel Fisher, Ricardo DeMajo, Graciela B Mentz, Gabrielle Young, Carina Gronlund, Kathryn Savoie, Laprisha Berry Daniels","doi":"10.1177/19394071251381112","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19394071251381112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Problem statement: </strong>Geographic-specific strategies for reducing air pollutants are of increasing interest for informing policies that reduce disparate air pollution exposure and health impacts. State legislation identifying such geographic areas use varying definitions, often focused on pollutant levels and/or population characteristics, with implications that are not well understood.</p><p><strong>Research question: </strong>How do commonly used legislative definitions of overburdened communities (OBCs) differ in capturing areas that experience excess air pollutants? What are implications for eliminating excess pollutant exposure and health inequities?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We extracted OBC definitions from state legislation using cumulative impact frameworks introduced or passed before May 2024. Using Michigan as a case study, we calculated correlations, sensitivity, and specificity of common OBC indicators and thresholds with PM_2.5 concentration at the census block group (CBG) level. We used generalized linear mixed models to forecast change over time (2019-2039) in PM_2.5 disparities using selected OBC definitions and various scenarios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OBC definitions that included race/ethnicity had significantly larger disparities in PM_2.5 concentration, compared with definitions that foregrounded income. Forecasting models indicate increasing inequalities over time for all OBC definitions using current and moderately accelerated intervention scenarios: Inequalities decline or disappear only under modeling scenarios which double or quadruple current rates of change.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Differences in PM_2.5 concentrations were largest when OBC definitions included race/ethnicity, and if current trends continue, are projected to increase over time, regardless of OBC definition. Exposure inequalities for OBCs defined using race and ethnicity are only eliminated under scenarios that double or quadruple current rates of reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":46143,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Justice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12609561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145514649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Park Acreage and Physical Activity Among Adolescents Living in Green Cities: Conceptualizing Urban Park Oases and Centering Equity.","authors":"Eydie N Kramer-Kostecka, Sarah M Kaja, Junia N de Brito, Daheia J Barr-Anderson, Jaime C Slaughter-Acey, Dianne Neumark-Sztainer","doi":"10.1177/19394071251383709","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19394071251383709","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46143,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Justice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146182930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the role of self-reported product selection strategies in shifting chemical exposures among Black women and Latinas: Lessons from the Taking Stock Study.","authors":"Lariah Edwards, Catherine L Connolly, Robin E Dodson, Bethsaida Cardona, Elissia T Franklin, Janette Robinson Flint, Sandy Navarro, Astrid Williams, Ami R Zota, Bhavna Shamasunder","doi":"10.1177/19394071251376441","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19394071251376441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Personal care products (PCPs) are a significant source of environmental chemical exposures among women of color. Prior studies suggest that individuals may reduce their exposures by avoiding certain ingredients while shopping; however, the efficacy of this strategy has not been evaluated in Black and Hispanic/Latina women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Through a community-academic partnership, 70 Black and Hispanic/Latina women living in South Los Angeles: 1) reported product selection strategies; 2) documented their product use for one week using a smartphone app; and 3) provided urine samples that were analyzed for 28 chemicals commonly found in PCPs. We investigated associations between product selection strategies (e.g., avoiding products with fragrances) and urinary chemical concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We detected phthalate metabolites, benzophenone-3 (BP-3), parabens, and chlorinated phenols in nearly all participants. Black women (100%) were more likely than Hispanic/Latina women (66%) to report selecting products based on ingredients. Fragrance was reported as the most avoided ingredient among all women followed by parabens among Black women and bisphenol A among Hispanic/Latina women. Avoiding chemicals while shopping was associated with lower urinary concentrations of certain chemicals. For example, Black women who reported avoiding fragranced products had significantly lower median concentrations of monoethyl phthalate, a metabolite of fragrance ingredient diethyl phthalate, than women who did not report avoiding fragranced products (avoider = 95.0 ng/mL; non-avoider = 276 ng/mL; <i>p</i>-value = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While individual-level behavior change can help shift chemical exposures among Black and Hispanic/Latina women, advocacy for safer chemicals and ingredients transparency is needed to achieve health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":46143,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Justice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148319891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening Community Science: Engaging Youth to Build an Open-Source Educational Air Monitoring Tool.","authors":"Yoshira Ornelas Van Horne, Diana Hernández, Katarina Wengerter, Elliot Lopes, Kennedy Betances, Briant DeJesus, Mychal Johnson, Leslie Vasquez, Markus Hilpert","doi":"10.1089/env.2024.0086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2024.0086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The South Bronx in New York City is an economically disempowered community that is overburdened by environmental injustice including traffic-related air pollution. Through a partnership between South Bronx Unite (SBU), a local nonprofit organization¹, the Laboratory School of Finance and Technology (X223), and Columbia University, a STEM initiative was launched. Together the team developed a curriculum in which high school students used the Arduino open electronics platform to build air monitors. The students then engaged in grass-roots efforts to launch the installation of the monitors to create a locally managed air monitoring network in the South Bronx. Here we describe the development of a curriculum as an educational air monitoring tool and explore the increased capacity of youth to address environmental health concerns.</p>","PeriodicalId":46143,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Justice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13638225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149116351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of Chemical and Nonchemical Stressors on Health and Quality of Life in Fenceline Communities: A Community-Based Participatory Research Survey in Southeastern Pennsylvania.","authors":"Andrea A Chiger, Echo Alford, Kearni N Warren, Eve S Miari, Lora Snyder, Thom Nixon, Alexis Lightner, Ryan D Kennedy, Mary A Fox, Peter F DeCarlo, Keeve E Nachman, Sara N Lupolt","doi":"10.1089/env.2024.0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2024.0078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community organizers in Southern Delaware County, PA, expressed a desire to collect comprehensive data on environmental, health, and social conditions in their neighborhoods to inform advocacy efforts to prompt public health action.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach, our team of academic and community coinvestigators developed an online community health survey to characterize residents' health concerns and the strengths, burdens, and needs of fenceline communities in Southern Delaware County. We included questions on chemical exposures, sources of pollution, financial stressors, health care, medical conditions, and priorities for policymakers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants reported experiencing adverse effects of poor air quality, odors, and noise in their communities. Eighty-six percent of participants reported experiencing at least two nonchemical stressors, such as poor housing conditions, food insecurity, and experiences of racism and discrimination. We found high proportions of reported asthma diagnoses and symptoms in participants and the children living in their households. Symptoms of asthma, depression, and anxiety were more common than clinician diagnoses of these conditions. Participants also commonly reported decreased quality of life or functioning associated with physical and mental health issues.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings highlight the importance of characterizing chemical and nonchemical stressors among residents in fenceline communities and expanding consideration of health to include acute symptoms, well-being, and quality of life. Our study was strengthened by our CBPR approach.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our work demonstrates the value of assessing cumulative impacts and employing CBPR approaches in fenceline communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":46143,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Justice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12381651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}