European Review最新文献_第4页

Game or Supernovel? Playing and Reading Massive Game Novels 游戏还是超级小说？玩和读大型游戏小说

IF 0.4 4区社会学

European Review Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1062798723000443

Espen Aarseth

{"title":"Game or Supernovel? Playing and Reading Massive Game Novels","authors":"Espen Aarseth","doi":"10.1017/S1062798723000443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1062798723000443","url":null,"abstract":"For half a century, digital machines have lent their computational power to mediate text-based, diegetic worlds, in the shape of software that we call games, video games, or sometimes interactive fiction. Perhaps the first such was Gregory Yob’s simple labyrinth-monster game Hunt the Wumpus (1973), but ever since then the games (if that is what they should be called) have become larger and far more complex, and, in recent decades, a single such work can contain more text than, say, Shakespeare’s collected plays. Given this massive textual content, as well as the often experimental and innovative nature of these works, they can also be considered a new form of novel; a kind of text that has much more in common with literature than with other digital games such as Candy Crush Saga, Age of Empires or Counterstrike. In these ‘games’, we find complex characters, difficult ethical choices (left to the player), imaginative landscapes and mythologies, and thousands if not millions of lines of carefully crafted prose. Teams of writers work collectively to stich these textual universes together, under production conditions that might remind us of multi-season TV series, but which are structured and consumed very differently – in fact, more like literature than TV. The claim made in this article is that the perspective of the novel (or supernovel) is a productive one for understanding the nature of these artistic works of ludic software. Should they be considered Literature? Through a discussion of the notions of literature, novel, and fiction and through a close ludic reading of Fallout: New Vegas (2010) I will argue that these textual games are in fact Literature, a new kind of novelistic genre, and discuss the wider cultural implications of this assessment.","PeriodicalId":46095,"journal":{"name":"European Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On Academic Activism: A French Perspective 论学术行动主义:一个法国人的视角

4区社会学

European Review Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s106279872300025x

Nathalie Heinich

引用次数: 0

Biases and Feedbacks in the Knowledge System: from Academia to the Public and Back 知识系统中的偏见与反馈:从学术界到公众再到公众

4区社会学

European Review Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s1062798723000315

Yonatan Dubi

{"title":"Biases and Feedbacks in the Knowledge System: from Academia to the Public and Back","authors":"Yonatan Dubi","doi":"10.1017/s1062798723000315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1062798723000315","url":null,"abstract":"In the philosophy of science, there are multiple concepts trying to answer the question of how scientists ‘know’ things, all circling around the notion of observation, thesis, falsification and corroboration – namely, the usual concepts of scientific practice. However, a whole different question is ‘how does the public know things?’. Understanding the answer to this question is crucial, since (at least in Western democracies) the public is the entity which funds, and through funding directs to a certain extent, the course of science. Here I discuss ‘the knowledge system’, a concept (proposed by the American writer Alex Epstein), which can generally be thought of as the set of institutions and processes which take part in the way the public becomes knowledgeable about certain (scientific) topics. I argue that the ‘knowledge system’ contains two inherent flaws, namely (i) the accumulation of biases; and (ii) strong feedback loops, which are almost unavoidable. I demonstrate these flaws with some examples and show how these flaws can (and already do) lead to policy suggestions that de-facto abolish academic freedom. Finally, I discuss possible ways to overcome – or at least minimize – the effect of these flaws on science and the scientific community.","PeriodicalId":46095,"journal":{"name":"European Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135962813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Critical Social Justice Subverts Scientific Publishing 批判的社会公正颠覆了科学出版

4区社会学

European Review Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s1062798723000327

Anna I. Krylov, Jay Tanzman

引用次数: 0

Cultural Unconscious: A Theory of Cultural Criticism 文化无意识:一种文化批评理论

IF 0.4 4区社会学

European Review Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1017/s1062798723000339

Ming Dong Gu

引用次数: 0

The EU and the Common Central Asian Higher Education Area: The Kazakh Dimension 欧盟与中亚共同高等教育区:哈萨克维度

IF 0.4 4区社会学

European Review Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1017/s1062798723000376

A. M. Zhakyanova, Kulipa Ch. Baisultanova

{"title":"The EU and the Common Central Asian Higher Education Area: The Kazakh Dimension","authors":"A. M. Zhakyanova, Kulipa Ch. Baisultanova","doi":"10.1017/s1062798723000376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1062798723000376","url":null,"abstract":"This study topic is highly relevant as it explores the geopolitical dynamics of Kazakhstan, which serves as a hub where the interests of major world powers intersect with regional significance. The purpose of this article is to examine and analyse the state of Kazakhstan within the Central Asian region, considering its characteristics, such as high levels of socio-political and economic development, political stability, and its ability to conduct independent policies. The study utilized a range of research methods including deductive and inductive approaches, historical research, content analysis and event analysis. These methods were employed to analyse the current higher education system in Kazakhstan and explore the potential for its transformation, while also examining the impact of the Declaration on the creation of the Central Asian Higher Educational Area (Turkestan Declaration). The study reveals that Kazakhstan plays a significant role as a geopolitical actor in Central Asia, with stable socio-political and economic development. Kazakhstan aims to elevate the ‘Turkic world’ on the international stage and build strong foreign-policy relations. The findings have implications for specialists, policymakers, and readers interested in the region. The study emphasizes the importance of a ‘Knowledge Society’ and research capacity in forming a Common Central Asian Higher Education Area.","PeriodicalId":46095,"journal":{"name":"European Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79844256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Chicago Trifecta 芝加哥三连胜

IF 0.4 4区社会学

European Review Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1017/s1062798723000340

D. Abbot

引用次数: 0

Between the Media: Media Relations in Literature and Art 媒介之间:文艺中的媒介关系

IF 0.4 4区社会学

European Review Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1017/s1062798723000303

S. Larsen

{"title":"Between the Media: Media Relations in Literature and Art","authors":"S. Larsen","doi":"10.1017/s1062798723000303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1062798723000303","url":null,"abstract":"Most discussions on mediality and intermediality take their point of departure as contemporary digital media, social media included. Hence, earlier periods in cultural history are often regarded as simple forerunners for the highly complex situation in today’s globalized media culture based on digital technologies. It is true that electronic media technology and its social effects now have reached an unprecedented and accelerated technological complexity. However, this perspective tends to ignore the fact that from ancient times up to the late nineteenth century, a wealth of media innovations exercised an impact in their contemporary cultures and societies; innovations that equal the influence of digital media today: the introduction of writing, book printing, the printed press and its technologies, visual reproduction technologies, the telegraph, photography, film, the telephone and other innovations in the media world. The focus of this article is a few specific media innovations and the radical changes they generated over the last few hundred years in literature and art as well as in their cultural and societal contexts. Such innovations are steps in the long process that leads to recent media developments and their influence on experiences, knowledge, ideologies and human self-understanding.","PeriodicalId":46095,"journal":{"name":"European Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86903631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Effect of the 2004 EU Enlargement on the Development and Similarity of the Insurance Sectors in the EU 2004年欧盟扩员对欧盟保险业发展及相似性的影响

IF 0.4 4区社会学

European Review Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1017/s1062798723000236

Anna Denkowska, Stanisław Wanat, J. Vieito

{"title":"The Effect of the 2004 EU Enlargement on the Development and Similarity of the Insurance Sectors in the EU","authors":"Anna Denkowska, Stanisław Wanat, J. Vieito","doi":"10.1017/s1062798723000236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1062798723000236","url":null,"abstract":"The enlargement of the European Union to new countries in 2004 introduced mechanisms to support the development of various social and economic areas, while also aiming to level the differences between the member states. The primary purpose of this study is to analyse the development and similarities of the insurance markets in the old and new member states of the EU after the enlargement in 2004. We examine the insurance sector of both groups of countries, i.e., those that were members before 2004 and those that joined in 2004, using Hellwig’s development measure, which takes into account several characteristics. Additionally, we analyse the similarity of these countries using three statistical methods of unsupervised classification: Ward’s method, the k-means method, and the Partitioning Among Medoids. Our results indicate that there was a significant variation in the insurance characteristics of these compared groups of EU members after 2004. In general, the insurance markets of the old and new EU countries developed differently. Since the enlargement in 2004, the insurance markets of the old and new EU countries have not yet aligned.","PeriodicalId":46095,"journal":{"name":"European Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80080967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Young Academy of Europe Presentation of the André Mischke YAE Prize for Science and Policy on 27 October 2022, in Barcelona, to Dr Gergely Toldi 欧洲青年科学院于2022年10月27日在巴塞罗那向Gergely Toldi博士颁发安德烈·米歇尔·耶耶科学与政策奖

IF 0.4 4区社会学

European Review Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/s1062798723000273

Dr Gergely Toldi

引用次数: 0