{"title":"Modelling Strategies in Sports","authors":"Ricardo Manuel Santos","doi":"10.1007/s11293-024-09800-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11293-024-09800-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a model that examines sports teams’ strategic choices about the extent of offense/defense to adopt in competing with other teams. The mathematical formulation adopted permits the derivation of a team’s optimal strategy under different game scenarios (current score and time left to play), and team characteristics (playing at home or away, and each team’s quality). A novel feature of the model is that teams can choose a strategy at several moments in the game, thereby incorporating a comprehensive dynamic element. The National Hockey League is used as an application. Optimal coaching behavior is derived in this setting, and the impact of rule changes is assessed. The study found that removing the overtime period, disproportionally increasing the rewards for a win, or removing the point that is currently awarded to the team that loses the shootout at the end of overtime, would all lead to the adoption of more offensive strategies during the game. That outcome is aligned with higher fan interest and team revenue.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46061,"journal":{"name":"ATLANTIC ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"52 2-3","pages":"57 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11293-024-09800-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tyler Horn, Levi Soborowicz, Rashad Dixon, Peter F. Orazem
{"title":"Are NBA Players Equally Valued by Team Owners and Trading Card Collectors?","authors":"Tyler Horn, Levi Soborowicz, Rashad Dixon, Peter F. Orazem","doi":"10.1007/s11293-024-09798-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11293-024-09798-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study compares the relationship between National Basketball Association player career performances and their market values as revealed by their rookie card prices and their career salaries. This permits a novel identification of the similarities and differences between card collectors and team owners in how they value the same sample of 185 players. The analysis includes all players who began their careers in 1993 or after and completed their careers by 2019, and who renegotiated their rookie contract so that their card price and salary values are based on their National Basketball Association performances. Offensive statistics largely determine a player's salary and card value. Team owners place greater value on team attributes such as tenure with the team and games started, while card collectors place greater relative value on individual performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46061,"journal":{"name":"ATLANTIC ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"52 2-3","pages":"103 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11293-024-09798-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Digital Currencies","authors":"Harald Uhlig","doi":"10.1007/s11293-024-09792-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11293-024-09792-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>I discuss private and central-bank-issued digital currencies, summarizing my prior research. I argue that prices of private digital currencies such as bitcoin follow random walks or, more generally, risk-adjusted martingales. For central bank digital currencies, I argue that they enhance the trilemma facing a central bank. Of the three objectives, price stability, efficiency, and monetary trust, the central bak can achieve at most two.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46061,"journal":{"name":"ATLANTIC ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"52 1","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140298831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Javier R. Bautista, Tessa C. Marker, Gustavo L. Romero, Ishaani V. Sharma, Paul M. Sommers
{"title":"The Changing Geographical Distribution of WTO Disputes, 1995–2023","authors":"Javier R. Bautista, Tessa C. Marker, Gustavo L. Romero, Ishaani V. Sharma, Paul M. Sommers","doi":"10.1007/s11293-024-09797-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11293-024-09797-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46061,"journal":{"name":"ATLANTIC ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"52 1","pages":"53 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140227010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theoretical Foundation for the Pareto Distribution of International Trade Strength and Introduction of an Equation for International Trade Forecasting","authors":"Mikrajuddin Abdullah","doi":"10.1007/s11293-024-09790-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11293-024-09790-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A theoretical foundation for predicting the distribution of trade strength and the rate of change of trade strength was developed. These two quantities were found to satisfy the Pareto distribution function. The equations were confirmed using data from the World Integrated Trade Solution and the World Bank by comparing the Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion to five types of distribution functions (exponential, lognormal, gamma, Pareto, and Weibull). Furthermore, the fitted Pareto power parameter is quite similar to the theoretical prediction. The developed distribution function is expected to be useful in forecasting international trade in countries and global economics, enabling the implementation of optimal policies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46061,"journal":{"name":"ATLANTIC ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"52 1","pages":"17 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140155345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using the Value of a Statistical Life to Measure the Benefit from the Clean Air Act: Comment","authors":"Jon R. Neill","doi":"10.1007/s11293-024-09796-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11293-024-09796-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The benefit-cost study of the Clean Air Act conducted by the EPA a decade ago found that the benefit from that act far exceeds its cost. However, 85% of that benefit came from the EPA's valuation of the lives saved by the act. This valuation was based on estimates of the statistical value of a life, the majority of which were made using a hedonic wage equation. The analysis presented here shows that such a valuation may not accurately capture willingness to pay for improved air quality. In fact, it is only capable of doing so in a very special case, when air quality does not affect the probability of developing non-fatal conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46061,"journal":{"name":"ATLANTIC ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"52 1","pages":"39 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140155020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relationship Between Red Flag Laws and Mass Shootings","authors":"Mark Gius","doi":"10.1007/s11293-024-09791-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11293-024-09791-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of the present study is to determine if there is a relationship between red flag laws and mass shootings. Mass shootings may be averted if the potential shooter’s firearms are seized per a warrant emanating from a red flag statute. Using a fixed effects model and a propensity score matching model, it was found that red flag laws are not significantly related to the number of mass shooting victims (killed and injured). One potential reason for this result is the rarity of mass shootings and the infrequency with which red flag laws are used. Data used in the present study are for the period 1999 to 2020. Mass shootings data were obtained from the Mother Jones mass shooting database. The present study is the first study in the English language literature to examine the relationship between red flag laws and mass shootings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46061,"journal":{"name":"ATLANTIC ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"52 1","pages":"31 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}