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Hezbollah's Coercion And the Israel-Lebanon Maritime Deal 真主党的胁迫与以色列-黎巴嫩海事协议
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Middle East Policy Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1111/mepo.12689
Daniel Sobelman
{"title":"Hezbollah's Coercion And the Israel-Lebanon Maritime Deal","authors":"Daniel Sobelman","doi":"10.1111/mepo.12689","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mepo.12689","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In late 2022, Israel and Lebanon signed a US-brokered maritime agreement establishing their permanent maritime boundary and exclusive economic zones, and regulating their rights to gas exploration in the eastern Mediterranean. Preceding the agreement was a sustained coercive-diplomacy campaign by Hezbollah. Between June and October, the organization conveyed overt and covert threats, and it pursued actions that were unprecedented in the Israel-Hezbollah conflict: openly threatening to target Israel's entire gas production and risk all-out war if Israel proceeded with its plan to unilaterally extract gas from the contested Karish gas field. A textbook case of coercive diplomacy, Hezbollah's maneuver was calculated and deliberate, which reflects the group's strategic expertise. Drawing on open-source materials and public statements in Arabic and Hebrew, this article analyzes Hezbollah's coercive-diplomacy campaign and examines its implications for escalation scenarios between Israel and its central military opponent.</p>","PeriodicalId":46060,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Policy","volume":"30 2","pages":"75-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mepo.12689","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49343220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Iran and the SCO: The Quest For Legitimacy and Regime Preservation 伊朗与上海合作组织:寻求合法性和维护政权
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Middle East Policy Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1111/mepo.12684
Nicole Bayat Grajewski
{"title":"Iran and the SCO: The Quest For Legitimacy and Regime Preservation","authors":"Nicole Bayat Grajewski","doi":"10.1111/mepo.12684","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mepo.12684","url":null,"abstract":"<p>At the 2021 Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit, the Russian- and Chinese-led bloc announced the approval of Iran's longstanding bid for membership. Iran has viewed its involvement in the organization as a means of bolstering external legitimacy, fostering security-oriented regionalism, and promoting the transition toward the so-called multipolar world order. The SCO has served as a regime-preservation network by providing Iran with a source of solidarity against external pressure. Tehran's commitment to the normative order, sustained by the SCO's discourse of noninterference, sovereignty, and countering the “three evils”—terrorism, extremism, and separatism—has galvanized the organization's role as a common front against the imposition of liberal norms and challenges to regime security.</p>","PeriodicalId":46060,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Policy","volume":"30 2","pages":"38-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42190955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nostalgia for the Empire: The Politics of Neo-Ottomanism By M. Hakan Yavuz. Oxford University Press, 2020. 336 pages. $38.95, hardcover. 《对帝国的怀旧：新奥斯曼主义的政治》，M.Hakan Yavuz著。牛津大学出版社，2020年。336页$38.95，精装本。
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Middle East Policy Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1111/mepo.12690
Michael M. Gunter
{"title":"Nostalgia for the Empire: The Politics of Neo-Ottomanism By M. Hakan Yavuz. Oxford University Press, 2020. 336 pages. $38.95, hardcover.","authors":"Michael M. Gunter","doi":"10.1111/mepo.12690","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mepo.12690","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46060,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Policy","volume":"30 2","pages":"166-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49374813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Russia and the Kurds: A Soft-Power Tool for the Kremlin? 俄罗斯和库尔德人：克里姆林宫的软实力工具？
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Middle East Policy Pub Date : 2023-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/mepo.12682
Anna Borshchevskaya
{"title":"Russia and the Kurds: A Soft-Power Tool for the Kremlin?","authors":"Anna Borshchevskaya","doi":"10.1111/mepo.12682","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mepo.12682","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Russia has been the Kurds’ patron for more than two centuries, motivated primarily by the cynical desire to use them against adversaries in broader great-power games while casting itself as a champion of the Kurdish cause. Russia's longstanding and multifaceted relationship with the Kurds demonstrates that when it comes to geopolitics, the United States has more than brute force to contend with. The Russian state also utilizes soft power as an authoritarian state defines it: a tool of pragmatic leverage. While the Kurds are not a monolith, they are anxious about the trajectory of US politics and feel they cannot rely on anyone. The Russian state has opportunities to undermine American interests in places such as Syria and Iraq through its connections with Kurdish groups. This article reviews tsarist, Soviet, and post-Soviet policies toward the Kurds, including Kurdish communities in Russia. It concludes with a discussion about implications for the United States, given that Moscow will not let go of its Kurdish card, including in the context of the Ukraine invasion.</p>","PeriodicalId":46060,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Policy","volume":"30 2","pages":"25-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44326831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Negotiated Desecuritization Of Turkey in Saudi Foreign Policy 沙特外交政策中的土耳其脱保谈判
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Middle East Policy Pub Date : 2023-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/mepo.12685
Hazal Muslu El Berni
{"title":"The Negotiated Desecuritization Of Turkey in Saudi Foreign Policy","authors":"Hazal Muslu El Berni","doi":"10.1111/mepo.12685","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mepo.12685","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Saudi-Turkey relations hit one of their lowest points due to the Arab uprisings and the regional shock of the Gulf crisis. The tension resulted from, and in turn exacerbated, a process of securitization of Saudi discourse, whereby officials labeled Turkey as a threat. But after three and a half years of the Gulf crisis, the Al-Ula accords allowed reconciliation among the regional states and opened the way for the construction of new understandings based on diplomacy, tolerance of differences on regional and domestic security, and respect of sovereignty. This spurred Saudi policy makers to de-securitize their discourse concerning Turkey—that is, to talk of it not as a threat, but as a potential partner. This process continues to develop gradually through cooperation on economics and investment, but it has required time to re-establish confidence among Saudi decision makers. This article analyzes the discourses of Saudi leaders and policy makers and shows how they affected Saudi Arabia's relations with Turkey, both negatively and positively.</p>","PeriodicalId":46060,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Policy","volume":"30 2","pages":"62-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43013518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing Israel's Motives In Annexing the Jordan Valley 评估以色列吞并约旦河谷的动机
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Middle East Policy Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.1111/mepo.12686
Fadi Nahhas
{"title":"Assessing Israel's Motives In Annexing the Jordan Valley","authors":"Fadi Nahhas","doi":"10.1111/mepo.12686","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mepo.12686","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article analyzes Israel's motives in annexing the Jordan Valley—a plan that, if approved, will eliminate any possibility of establishing a Palestinian state, even on a small part of historic Palestine. This promises to be one of the most critical strategic turning points in the contemporary Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The analysis reveals that the Israeli annexation decision, even if postponed, has become a reality imposed by Israel on the international community, insinuated into formal and official government announcements and declarations. In addition, the article highlights the danger of imposing Israeli sovereignty over the Jordan Valley since it carries with it a threat to regional stability. As part of this examination, the study traces the development of the positions of successive Israeli governments toward the issue of annexing this region, from 1967 through the dissolution of the Netanyahu government in 2021.</p>","PeriodicalId":46060,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Policy","volume":"30 2","pages":"110-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48485355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Iran-Israel Conflict: An Ultra-Ideological Explanation 伊朗-以色列冲突:一种极端意识形态的解释
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Middle East Policy Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.1111/mepo.12687
Farshad Roomi
{"title":"The Iran-Israel Conflict: An Ultra-Ideological Explanation","authors":"Farshad Roomi","doi":"10.1111/mepo.12687","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mepo.12687","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Iran's enmity with Israel is ideological in the first place and strategic in the second. Iran intends through anti-Israel actions and messaging to internally mobilize its populace and, externally, to claim the leadership of the Muslim world and strike a balance against a regional nuclear power. This article uses a critique based on constructivism and realism to reveal how Iran's confrontation with Israel has evolved historically from “identity-ideological” to “politico-strategic.” I argue that Iran's adoption of this approach without taking its internal and external capacities into consideration has ironically bolstered the Israeli far right, increased global sympathies for Israel, escalated Iranophobia, aligned conservative Arab states with Israel, and marginalized the issue of Palestine. To preserve its national interests and regional security, Iran needs to overcome this politico-historical stage and replace conflict with competition.</p>","PeriodicalId":46060,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Policy","volume":"30 2","pages":"94-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42502478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Erdoğan Rising: The Battle For the Soul of Turkey By Hannah Lucinda Smith. William Collins, 2019. 416 pages. $17.99, paper. 《埃尔多安崛起：土耳其灵魂之战》，汉娜·卢辛达史密斯著。William Collins，2019。416页$17.99，论文。
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Middle East Policy Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.1111/mepo.12683
Matthew Goldman
{"title":"Erdoğan Rising: The Battle For the Soul of Turkey By Hannah Lucinda Smith. William Collins, 2019. 416 pages. $17.99, paper.","authors":"Matthew Goldman","doi":"10.1111/mepo.12683","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mepo.12683","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46060,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Policy","volume":"30 2","pages":"170-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44143998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Sultanism and Civil War in Libya 利比亚的苏丹主义和内战
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Middle East Policy Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.1111/mepo.12688
Ibrahim Sadoun R. Tunesi
{"title":"Sultanism and Civil War in Libya","authors":"Ibrahim Sadoun R. Tunesi","doi":"10.1111/mepo.12688","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mepo.12688","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The 2011 Libyan uprising transformed into a civil war in a matter of days—and it has lasted more than a decade. What made this uprising different from others? This article argues that the type of system determined the outcome of the revolt. It posits a relationship between Muammar Qadhafi's sultanistic regime and the fragile political institutions that have allowed the chaos and rivalry to persist without resolution. To demonstrate this, Libyan citizens were surveyed about their perceptions of how Qadhafi shaped the political order responsible for today's institutional vacuum. While the revolution revealed the Qadhafi regime's lack of popular and foreign support, as well as the inadequacies of state institutions, it could not use institutional channels to mobilize the public and organize authority, as in Tunisia and Egypt. The civil war, coupled with the interventions of regional and international powers in support of local actors and militias, has made the Libyan case different. The article also explains how the passive stances of the League of Arab States and the United Nations paved the way for external rivalries.</p>","PeriodicalId":46060,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Policy","volume":"30 2","pages":"146-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49203306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Significance of ISIS's State Building in Syria ISIS在叙利亚建立国家的意义
IF 0.5 4区 社会学
Middle East Policy Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.1111/mepo.12681
Samer Bakkour, Gareth Stansfield
{"title":"The Significance of ISIS's State Building in Syria","authors":"Samer Bakkour,&nbsp;Gareth Stansfield","doi":"10.1111/mepo.12681","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mepo.12681","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Researchers and policy makers appear to hold a deeply rooted reluctance to acknowledge, let alone address, the significance of ISIS's state building. Those who have engaged with this issue have tended to traverse the analytical dead end of legalistic questions and themes, inevitably concluding that ISIS's efforts fell short of the threshold of statehood. This article sharply diverges from this reasoning and instead focuses on the political extent of ISIS's state building, which was a reaction to the collapse of authority in Iraq and Syria, and the concomitant failure to protect peoples at risk. The study examines the Islamic State on four dimensions: the stabilization of society, the extraction of income, the politicization of religion, and the use of sectarian divisions. It finds that ISIS's efforts were internally contradictory and contained a number of elements that impeded its establishing a conventionally defined state and its carrying out of actions expected of such a state.</p>","PeriodicalId":46060,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Policy","volume":"30 2","pages":"126-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mepo.12681","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46228297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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