Revista Chilena de Pediatria-Chile最新文献

{"title":"[Prevalence of Arterial Hypertension in a neonatal intensive care unit].","authors":"Alejandro Balestracci,&nbsp;Marina Andrea Capone,&nbsp;Ismael Toledo,&nbsp;Sebastián Sticotti","doi":"10.32641/rchped.vi91i6.26974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32641/rchped.vi91i6.26974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The prevalence of neonatal hypertension in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) ranges between 3 and 9%. However, there is no current data on Latin America.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the prevalence of neonatal hypertension and to assess its association with causes previously related to this condi tion.</p><p><strong>Patients and method: </strong>cross-sectional study. All patients admitted to the NICU during one year were included, excluding those transferred to the cardiovascular NICU. The following maternal and neonatal variables were registered: maternal arterial hypertension, type of delivery, gestational age, age, sex, birth weight, Apgar score, history of pulmonary maturation with corticosteroids, and umbilical vessel catheterization as well as the reason for admission to the NICU, medications, and complications during hospitalization. Blood pressure was measured with an automated oscillometric device, defining neonatal hypertension according to standards in gestational age. Prevalence was ex pressed as percentage (confidence interval 95%, CI95%). Descriptive data were reported as median (range) and frequency of presentation (percentage). Finally, we used the Wilcoxon, Chi2 o Fisher exact test to identify factors related to NH as applicable (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>169 patients were in cluded (60% males). Gestational age was 38 weeks (range 26-42 weeks), 38% were preterm. Birth weight was 3000 g (range 545-4950 g) and 32% presented low birth weight. Eight patients presented hypertension during hospitalization (4.7% prevalence, CI95% 2.4-9). The presence of hypertension was associated with prematurity (p = 0.0003), low birth weight (p = 0.01), prenatal corticosteroid treatment (p = 0.002), umbilical catheterization (p = 0.03), administration of ὅ 2 nephrotoxic drugs (p = 0.02), caffeine treatment (p = 0.0001), acute kidney injury (p = 0.02), and intracranial hyper tension (p = 0.04). Only one patient required antihypertensive pharmacologic treatment and in all cases, hypertension was resolved during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prevalence of neonatal hypertension in our NICU was 4.7% and in all cases occurred in preterm newborns with previously recognized factors associated with this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":46023,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena de Pediatria-Chile","volume":"91 6","pages":"891-898"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38885515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Medicine made into words: Comments on the Cuban apostle José Martí].","authors":"Osvaldo Hernández González,&nbsp;Inaldys Zaragoza Viera","doi":"10.32641/rchped.vi91i6.3075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32641/rchped.vi91i6.3075","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46023,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena de Pediatria-Chile","volume":"91 6","pages":"993-994"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38800028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Unplanned Return to the Operating Room: An analysis of the quality of the health care].","authors":"Germán Muranda,&nbsp;Eduardo Focacci,&nbsp;José Mena,&nbsp;Sandra Montedonico","doi":"10.32641/rchped.vi91i6.1570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32641/rchped.vi91i6.1570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>An Unplanned Return to the Operating Room (UROR) is an unplanned surgery performed during the first 30 days as a result of primary surgery. In Chile, the analysis and the UROR rate are quality indicators.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>to describe and analyze UROR in a pediatrics.</p><p><strong>Patients and method: </strong>Observa tional cross-sectional study. The clinical records of pediatric patients undergoing UROR at the Hos pital Carlos Van Buren over 5 years were reviewed. The incidence, indications, and causes of UROR were analyzed. The causes of UROR were classified as 1) causes attributable to surgical technique, 2) treatment-related causes, 3) the patient pathology, and 4) other causes. In addition, the observance of the case review meetings after an UROR was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>23 UROR out of 5,503 surgeries were performed in 5 years, (0.42%). There were 11 UROR out of 3,434 elective surgeries and 12 UROR out of 2,069 emergency ones (0.32% v/s 0.58% respectively, p=NS). There were 2 UROR out of 82 surgeries in newborns, (2.43%, p<0.01). After every UROR, a case review meeting was held. In 18 out of the 23 patients who underwent UROR (78%), the cause was attributable to the surgical technique or planning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>UROR is rare in pediatric surgery, except for the newborn period. Case review meetings are held after every UROR case, according to the national guidelines. The causes of UROR are mostly attributable to the surgical technique or planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":46023,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena de Pediatria-Chile","volume":"91 6","pages":"867-873"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38885516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Impact on the quality of life of adolescents with diabetes mellitus type 1].","authors":"Francisca Lizama Fuentes,&nbsp;Sergio Ormeño Rojas,&nbsp;Francisca Mourguiart Liberona,&nbsp;Joaquín Fuentes Cammell,&nbsp;Fanny López-Alegría","doi":"10.32641/rchped.vi91i6.2457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32641/rchped.vi91i6.2457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) is a chronic disease.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify scientific evidence on the impact of DM1 on the quality of life of adolescents with this disease.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Sys tematic review in the bibliographic databases MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL, and ScIELO, using the following descriptors: \"Adolescent *\", \"Teen *\", \"Diabetes Mellitus, Type1\", \"Diabetes, type 1\", \"Type 1 diabetes\", \"Quality of life\", \"Health related quality of life\", \"Life quality\", \"Health impact assessment\", \"Health impact\", \"Impact assessment, health\", \"Diabetes Impact Measurement Scales\", \"PedsQL\", \"Glycated Hemoglobin A1c\", \"Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c\", and \"HbA1c\". Out of 679 articles identified, 25 were included in the analysis. Some studies were national and international multicenter. The most widely used instruments related to quality of life measurements were the Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire (PedsQL) in its generic version and the diabetes module.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The quality of life assessed by the adolescent with DM1 using Quality of Life Scales is significantly and inversely associated with HbA1c values. This association includes a significant correlation between the total generic quality of life scores and HbA1c but does not have the same impact on specific sco res.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Metabolic control appears to be the cornerstone that influences the impact on the bidirectional relationship between DM1 and quality of life, however, there is no absolute consensus on the types of factors and degrees that would influence metabolic control.</p>","PeriodicalId":46023,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena de Pediatria-Chile","volume":"91 6","pages":"968-981"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38880587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tiña Capitis en niños","authors":"N. Vargas-Navia, G. A. Ayala-Monroy, Catalina Franco Rúa, J. Caicedo, J. Hernández","doi":"10.32641/rchped.v91i5.1345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32641/rchped.v91i5.1345","url":null,"abstract":"La tiña capitis (TC) es una infección por dermatofitos con una alta prevalencia en la población pediátrica. Su epidemiología ha cambiado en las últimas décadas debido a la creciente migración poblacional alrededor del mundo. Se han identificado factores de riesgo ambientales y propios del huésped, relacionados al desarrollo de esta infección. Las manifestaciones clínicas son variables y dependen del agente causal. La dermatoscopia y la luz de Wood son herramientas útiles para la aproximación diagnóstica, sin embargo, la confirmación de la infección se basa en las pruebas micológicas. El aislamiento del agente causal permite orientar el tratamiento antifúngico adecuado, siendo estos eficaces y seguros en población pediátrica. El tratamiento se centra en la terapia antimicótica sistémica en combinación con medidas locales. El objetivo del manuscrito es hacer una revisión actualizada sobre el enfoque clínico y terapéutico de la TC en población pediátrica. ","PeriodicalId":46023,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena de Pediatria-Chile","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49602595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efecto de la suplementación con vitamina D en dosis única sobre el estado nutricional de vitamina D","authors":"Johanna Pacheco-Acosta, F. Pizarro","doi":"10.32641/rchped.v91i5.1402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32641/rchped.v91i5.1402","url":null,"abstract":"El primer año de vida es un periodo de riesgo de deficiencia de vitamina D (VD). La administración de 400 UI diarias de VD no tiene una adherencia del 100%, en cambio dosis únicas de 100.000 UI de VD oral son seguras en recién nacidos.Objetivo: Comparar el efecto de la suplementación oral de VD en dosis única de 100.000 UI al mes de edad vs dosis diarias de 400 UI sobre las concentraciones séricas de VD, a los 6 meses de vida.Sujetos y Método: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, sin enmascaramiento. Se incluyeron 84 lactantes sanos de 1 mes de vida, asignados al azar al grupo de estudio (GE) que recibió una dosis única de VD de 100.000 UI oral o al grupo control (GC), que recibió dosis diarias de VD de 400 UI oral del 1er al 6to mes de vida. A los 6 meses de edad se determinó la concentración sérica de VD.Resultados: 65 lactantes terminaron el estudio, 36 en GE y 29 en GC. No se encontró deficiencia de VD. La insuficiencia de VD fue de 5,5% y 6,8% en el GE y GC, respectivamente. La concentración sérica de VD a los 6 meses de vida, fue de 38,8 ± 5,2 ng/ml y 39,7 ± 6,3 ng/ml para GE y GC, respectivamente (NS).Conclusiones: La suplementación con 100.000 UI de VD única al mes de edad logra concentraciones séricas de VD a los 6 meses de vida, similares a dosis diarias de 400 UI de VD, del 1er al 6to mes.","PeriodicalId":46023,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena de Pediatria-Chile","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47698477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en adolescentes: rol del pediatra. Recomendaciones de la Rama de Adolescencia de la Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría","authors":"Verónica Gaete P, C. López C, Rama de Adolescencia","doi":"10.32641/rchped.v91i5.1537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32641/rchped.v91i5.1537","url":null,"abstract":"Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) han adquirido relevancia en la pediatría chilena. Su tratamiento debe ser realizado, de preferencia, por equipos multidisciplinarios especializados o con alto grado de capacitación en la problemática. Sin embargo, los pediatras generales tienen un rol fundamental tanto en la prevención como en la pesquisa temprana de estas patologías. El objetivo de esta publicación es proporcionarles recomendaciones prácticas sobre las intervenciones que pueden llevar a cabo durante la atención de adolescentes, para la prevención de los TCA, la pesquisa precoz y evaluación de quienes ya los presentan, y su derivación oportuna a tratamiento especializado.","PeriodicalId":46023,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena de Pediatria-Chile","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46596212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevención de la transmisión vertical de VIH en mujeres migrantes internacionales: Escenario actual y desafíos","authors":"B. Cabieses, Camila Sepúlveda, Alexandra Obach","doi":"10.32641/rchped.v91i5.1784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32641/rchped.v91i5.1784","url":null,"abstract":"La prevención de la transmisión vertical de VIH es un desafío para todos los países del mundo. Esto se ve complejizado por la construcción permanente de sociedades globales, con grado variable de población migrante internacional. Las políticas, programas y acciones sanitarias para la prevención de transmisión vertical de VIH en gestantes migrantes demandan una perspectiva intercultural, en donde se aborden todas las dimensiones sociales, culturales y de género asociadas a la infección. El entender la realidad local en cuanto a la prevención de transmisión vertical de VIH en población migrante internacional en Chile es esencial para llevar acciones concretas que favorezcan la prevención de transmisión madre-hijo de VIH. En este artículo se presentan algunos conceptos esenciales relacionados a esta temática. También se expone información internacional y nacional sobre riesgos de transmisión vertical de VIH en migrantes gestantes, la importancia del plan nacional de prevención de transmisión vertical de VIH en nuestro país, y algunos esfuerzos que se están realizando para adaptar dicho plan a la realidad de diversidad social y cultural que migrantes gestantes presentan hoy en Chile, como un valioso insumo de salud pública con perspectiva intercultural.","PeriodicalId":46023,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena de Pediatria-Chile","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49123869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietas vegetarianas en alumnos universitarios","authors":"J. Aravena, Tamara Zubarew, P. Bedregal, S. Zuzulich, Pascuala Urrejola","doi":"10.32641/rchped.v91i5.2143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32641/rchped.v91i5.2143","url":null,"abstract":"Se ha observado un aumento en la popularidad de las dietas vegetarianas, en especial en la población adolescente y adulto joven. Estas dietas se presentan como saludables y balanceadas pero las recomendaciones son controversiales en cuanto a los potenciales déficit nutricionales.Objetivo: Identificar la frecuencia y tipos de dieta vegetariana utilizada, su motivación y fuentes de información.Pacientes y Método: Estudio transversal y analítico en universitarios de primer año de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC). Se realizó una encuesta vía online obteniendo información demográfica y caracterización de dietas de aquellos que se consideraban vegetarianos. Las variables fueron analizadas mediante el software IDM SPSS Statistics® y en planilla Excel® de forma cuantitativa.Resultados: 152 alumnos respondieron la encuesta (15,2% del total), siendo el 49,4% de estos vegetariano. El 32,4% inició este patrón alimentario entre los 12-18 años; sus motivaciones más frecuentes fueron las medio ambientalistas (91,9%) y animalistas (72,9%). El 52,9% de los vegetarianos reciben suplementación de vitamina b 12 pero solo un 15,9% reportó presentar este déficit. El 75,7% obtiene información relacionada acerca de las dietas vegetarianas a través de medios digitales.Conclusión: Se encontró un alto porcentaje de estudiantes vegetarianos en las encuestas contestadas, lo que hace necesario que los profesionales de salud estén capacitados en esta área para asegurar una adecuada educación nutricional, suplementación si es necesario, y seguimiento.","PeriodicalId":46023,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena de Pediatria-Chile","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46821731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dieta cetogénica para el manejo de la epilepsia fármacorresistente en pediatría","authors":"V. Castro, V. C. Heresi","doi":"10.32641/rchped.v91i5.3319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32641/rchped.v91i5.3319","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46023,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena de Pediatria-Chile","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44371639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}