Asian Population Studies最新文献

{"title":"Migration flows in the region of mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan","authors":"Ka Wang Kelvin Lam, E. Fong","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2022.2087934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2022.2087934","url":null,"abstract":"There is a very long history of migration within the region encompassed bymainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. In the last half century, migration in the region has been shaped by geopolitics and regional socioeconomic development. The defeat of the Kuomintang in China’s civil war in 1949 triggered millions of people to flee to Hong Kong and Taiwan. In the following decades, there were political campaigns initiated by the government in mainland China. The Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns in 1951 and 1952, the Great Leap Forward from 1958 to 1962, and the Cultural Revolution from 1966 to 1976 directly affected and sometimes halted the economy and agricultural production, including the Great Famine between 1959 and 1961, led to millions of people to flee to Hong Kong in search of stability (Fong et al., 2018). With the border closing after 1960, there was gradually minimal migration from mainland China to Hong Kong and Taiwan. Migration between these three areas has flourished in recent decades. Since the 1980s, China has pushed for economic reform and opened the market, thereby attracting people from Taiwan in search of opportunities. According to the Chinese census, there were about 170,283 Taiwan residents in mainland China in 2010. The number remained steady ten years later and there were 157,886 Taiwan residents in the mainland in 2020. The same economic opportunity also attracted many people from Hong Kong who relocated or expanded to mainland China in the 1980s and 1990s. The number of Hong Kong residents in mainland China increased by nearly 60 per cent from 234,829 in 2010–371,380 in 2020 (National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2011, 2021). While people from Hong Kong and Taiwan migrated to mainland China, many from the mainland also moved to Hong Kong and Taiwan. After the return of Hong Kong to mainland China in 1997, more than 760,000 people, mainly females, moved from mainland China to Hong Kong in the next 15 years for family reunification (Pong et al., 2014). The Hong Kong government also launched a series of admission schemes to attract talent worldwide, especially from mainland China. The Admission Scheme for Mainland Talents and Professionals and the Capital Investment Entrant Scheme were introduced in 2003 and the Quality Migrant Admission Scheme was introduced in 2006. More recent schemes include the Immigration Arrangements for Non-local Graduates since 2008 and the Technology Talent Admission Scheme since 2018. By the end of 2019, over 260,000 immigrants had been recruited under these schemes and a considerable proportion of them came from mainland China (Hong Kong Government, 2020).","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"109 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48469055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The integration paradox: discrimination, institutional trust, and settlement intention among highly educated mainland Chinese migrants in Hong Kong and Macao","authors":"N. Cheung, Weining Yao","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2022.2078932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2022.2078932","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aims to investigate the relationships between perceived discrimination, institutional trust, and settlement intention among highly educated domestic migrants by accounting for their structural (educational and economic) positions. Theoretically, this study of Hong Kong and Macao explores the integration paradox, a well-documented perspective on skilled migrants in transnational contexts, and expands it to internal migrant populations. Using respondent-driven sampling, the data include 2,951 highly educated migrants from mainland China to Hong Kong and Macao. The results indicate that a higher educational position in terms of tertiary educational attainment is associated with lower settlement intention among domestic migrants, a finding that tallies with the integration paradox. However, economic position in terms of income bolsters, rather than weakens, settlement intention. Perceived discrimination and institutional trust are evident in mediating the negative effect of tertiary educational attainment on the settlement intention of domestic migrants.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"150 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41648334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Settlement intentions among Taiwanese skilled migrants in Tokyo and Hong Kong","authors":"Yen-Fen Tseng","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2022.2080414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2022.2080414","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 While many countries now prioritise accepting skilled migrants to meet labour demand in a globalised economy, retaining them has been a challenge. Low retention is often attributed to immigration policy failures and/or skill mismatches in the labour market. This paper argues that besides career issues, skilled migrants’ cultural aspirations and their sense of ‘civic belonging’ are significant factors when evaluating migration outcomes and the prospect of staying. This paper is based on 44 in-depth interviews with Taiwanese college-educated migrants working in Hong Kong and Tokyo, two major Asian global cities known for attracting foreign talent. The paper found that ambivalence towards staying prevails, due to unfulfilled aspirations for cosmopolitanism—in the case of Tokyo—and frustrations with a limited ‘social contract’—in the case of Hong Kong. The implications of these findings could extend the scope of factors to be considered in investigating what shapes migrants’ settlement decisions in demographic research.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"113 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42900249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total number of births shrinking faster than fertility rates: fertility quantum decline and shrinking generation size in South Korea","authors":"Sam Hyun Yoo","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2022.2054090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2022.2054090","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT South Korea’s total fertility rate reached 1.3 in 2001 and hit a record low (0.92) in 2019. The total number of births shrank even faster, recording a 45.9 per cent drop between 2001 and 2019. To understand the declining births and the contributing demographic factors, I decompose the change in the birth rate into mean generation size, fertility quantum, and tempo distortions, and evaluate their relative contributions to the decline. The remarkable birth decline since 2001 is largely explained by fertility quantum decline, especially for second births, and shrinking generation size caused by the decline in female population size. Tempo distortions were strong, but given the marginal change since 2001, they contributed less and only in recent years. This study highlights unique features of East Asia’s low fertility, such as continued fertility decline and the long-term negative effects of reproducing generations’ low fertility. Findings might have implications for developing countries experiencing rapid fertility decline.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"289 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45906831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telling a different story: disparities in perceived fairness of housework division among East Asian men","authors":"Meng Zhao, Soo-Yeon Yoon","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2022.2041241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2022.2041241","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Previous research on gender relations has overlooked the similarities and differences among East Asian societies. To fill this gap, this study investigated the association among men’s gender-role attitudes, the actual share of housework, and perceptions of fairness in housework division, and how it differs across four East Asian societies. Using data from the 2012 International Social Survey Programme, the results demonstrated that Japanese and Taiwanese men had more egalitarian attitudes than mainland Chinese and South Koreans, while mainland Chinese men did more housework. Korean men held the most traditional gender-role attitudes and were least likely to feel they did less than their fair share. The paper concludes with implications for the gender revolution, suggesting policies should promote men’s involvement in the family besides helping mothers balance work and family.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"251 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60281175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Declining fertility in Taiwan: the deterring impact of housework imbalance","authors":"J. Thomas, Francisco Rowe, Eric S. Lin","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2022.2035555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2022.2035555","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Fertility in Taiwan has been persistently low since 2003. Theorists have attributed this to gender inequity in domestic labour, yet this relationship has not been statistically tested. We assess the way in which the division of housework influences the probability of having an additional child. We assess this relationship for a sample of childbearing-aged married couples, as well as for education- and employment-specific subgroups. We find evidence of impacts for university-educated and working-mother couples, and when survey respondents are wives rather than husbands. The probability of a university-educated and working-mother couple with an equal division of housework having a child within five years is 0.73, whereas the probability of a couple with the mean division of housework having a child is 0.39. This finding is significant at the 1 per cent level.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"270 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45766991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the causes of fertility decline in Bangladesh: the relative importance of female education and family planning programs","authors":"J. Bora, N. Saikia, E. Kebede, W. Lutz","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2022.2028253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2022.2028253","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bangladesh, one of the world’s poorest countries, has experienced a dramatic decline in fertility since 1985, with a decline in the total fertility rate from 5.5–2.1. International researchers have debated the reasons for this rapid decline, with some studies attributing it primarily to family planning programmes and others pointing at the simultaneous increase in the education of women and other socioeconomic factors. Using data from seven-rounds of the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS), we comprehensively review fertility trends by reconstructing cohort and period fertility indicators by educational attainment. Multilevel regression shows a robust negative association between fertility and educational attainment at the individual and community levels. Pathway’s analysis reveals that female education has a significant effect on declining fertility desires dominating all other effects. Increased women's education and the associated diffusion of smaller desired family size might be the primary factor driving the impressive fertility decline in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"81 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49660119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial inequality in China’s secondary education: a demographic perspective","authors":"Ying Wu, S. Kc","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2021.2016126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2021.2016126","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT China aims to improve its human capital and labour productivity to offset the challenges of a declining labour force resulting from low fertility and rapid aging. However, the spatial inequality in secondary education is less understood quantitatively. This study aims to quantify and understand the inequality in education at the sub-national level by integrating data from various sources. We found that China is yet to universalise upper secondary education mainly due to spatial inequality in the educational process, despite the declining size of younger cohorts lowering the demand. We found larger dropout ratios among vocational school students in less developed regions that might be due to concerns about educational quality and employment prospects. We concluded that the central government could increase the investment and devise policies, such as lowering hukou restriction, to increase enrolment and reduce dropouts in less developed areas. Also, data availability on age-specific enrolment, dropouts, and internal migration will allow a better estimation of spatial inequality.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"59 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49141365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the temporary migration regime in Asia future-ready?","authors":"B. Yeoh","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2022.2029159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2022.2029159","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In pre-pandemic times, the labour migration regime in Asia based on principles of enforced transience is largely dependent on the ease and low cost of transnational mobility across national borders. Stalled mobility in COVID-19 times has both deepened the precarity that transient migrant workers face and also laid bare the unsustainability of the temporary migration for nation-states. At the same time, the pandemic presents an opportunity to reconfigure and move temporary migration toward a more sustainable and equitable basis. This could involve offering visas and contracts of longer duration and selective pathways towards residency status to reduce ‘churning’, incorporating migrant workers into national healthcare safety nets to improve migrant welfare and societal resilience, and careful recalibration of using automation and technological substitutes to replace migrant labour.","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46179238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living Arrangements, Intergenerational Support, and Married Women's Subjective Well-Being.","authors":"Shiro Furuya, James M Raymo","doi":"10.1080/17441730.2021.1975396","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17441730.2021.1975396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Theory suggests that relationships between intergenerational coresidence and married women's subjective well-being may be either positive or negative. We extend previous research on this question in two ways: by focusing also on geographical proximity to parents(-in-law) and by examining differences in married women's well-being both between and within different types of living arrangements. Using data from a nationally representative survey of adults in Japan, we found no differences in married women's subjective well-being between living arrangements, but observed significant differences within living arrangements depending on married women's position in the household and the direction of intergenerational support transfers. Our results suggest that comparisons across living arrangements may be complicated by within-group associations with well-being and that attention to married women's position in the household and the direction of intergenerational transfers is essential for understanding how married women in Japan experience different living arrangements.</p>","PeriodicalId":45987,"journal":{"name":"Asian Population Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"87-107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9009703/pdf/nihms-1739017.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10450497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}