Politics Philosophy & Economics最新文献_第9页

The limits of commodification arguments: Framing, motivation crowding, and shared valuations 商品化论点的局限性:框架、动机拥挤和共享估值

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Politics Philosophy & Economics Pub Date : 2019-02-26 DOI: 10.1177/1470594X19825494

Natalie Gold

{"title":"The limits of commodification arguments: Framing, motivation crowding, and shared valuations","authors":"Natalie Gold","doi":"10.1177/1470594X19825494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1470594X19825494","url":null,"abstract":"I connect commodification arguments to an empirical literature, present a mechanism by which commodification may occur, and show how this may restrict the range of goods and services that are subject to commodification, therefore having implications for the use of commodification arguments in political theory. Commodification arguments assert that some people’s trading a good or service can debase it for third parties. They consist of a normative premise, a theory of value, and an empirical premise, a mechanism whereby some people’s market exchange affects how goods can be valued by others. Hence, their soundness depends on the existence of a suitable candidate mechanism for the empirical premise. The ‘motivation crowding effect’ has been cited as the empirical base of commodification. I show why the main explanations of motivation crowding – signaling and over-justification – do not provide mechanisms that could underpin the empirical premise. In doing this, I reveal some requirements on any candidate mechanism. I present a third explanation of motivation crowding, based on the crowding out of frames, and show how it fulfills the requirements. With a mechanism in hand, I explore the type of goods and services to which commodification arguments are applicable. The mechanism enables markets to break down ‘shared valuations’, which is a subset of the valuations that proponents of commodification arguments are concerned with. Further, it can only break down relatively fragile shared understandings and therefore, I suggest, it cannot support a commodification argument regarding the sale of sexual services.","PeriodicalId":45971,"journal":{"name":"Politics Philosophy & Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83869640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Inequality and inequity in the emergence of conventions 不平等和不平等在习俗上的出现

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Politics Philosophy & Economics Pub Date : 2019-02-19 DOI: 10.1177/1470594X19828371

Calvin T. Cochran, Cailin O’Connor

引用次数: 5

Interpersonal comparisons with preferences and desires 人际比较与偏好和欲望

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Politics Philosophy & Economics Pub Date : 2019-02-13 DOI: 10.1177/1470594X19828021

Jacob Barrett

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引用次数: 6

Should campaign finance reform aim to level the playing field? 竞选资金改革是否应该以公平竞争为目标?

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Politics Philosophy & Economics Pub Date : 2019-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/1470594X19828023

Ryan Pevnick

{"title":"Should campaign finance reform aim to level the playing field?","authors":"Ryan Pevnick","doi":"10.1177/1470594X19828023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1470594X19828023","url":null,"abstract":"Many argue that an important goal of campaign finance reform should be to ensure that competing candidates have roughly equal financial resources with which to contest campaigns. Although there are very important reasons to worry about the role that money has come to play in many democracies, this article argues in three main steps that this particular position lacks compelling justification. First, while advocates of such positions often rely on an analogy with much smaller deliberative settings to defend the view that advocates of competing perspectives should be given equal resources, there are differences between such settings and campaigns that undermine the analogy’s appeal. Second, independent arguments – connected to the importance of ensuring that the wealthy do not dominate public debate and preventing corruption – may speak strongly in favor of a generous system of public funding, but fail to provide reason to ensure that advocates of competing positions have access to equal resources. Third, it is impossible to meaningfully level the playing field without objectionably restricting civil liberties. An implication of these arguments is that common criticisms of voucher-based systems of public funding, which hinge on an implicit commitment to the importance of a level playing field, fail.","PeriodicalId":45971,"journal":{"name":"Politics Philosophy & Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88462165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Is it unjust that elderly people suffer from poorer health than young people? Distributive and relational egalitarianism on age-based health inequalities 老年人的健康状况不如年轻人，这是不公平的吗?基于年龄的健康不平等的分配和关系平均主义

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Politics Philosophy & Economics Pub Date : 2019-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/1470594X19828020

K. Lippert‐Rasmussen

{"title":"Is it unjust that elderly people suffer from poorer health than young people? Distributive and relational egalitarianism on age-based health inequalities","authors":"K. Lippert‐Rasmussen","doi":"10.1177/1470594X19828020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1470594X19828020","url":null,"abstract":"In any normal population, health is unequally distributed across different age groups. Are such age-based health inequalities unjust? A divide has recently developed within egalitarian theories of justice between relational egalitarians focusing on the egalitarian nature of social relations and luck egalitarians focusing on the distribution of goods such as welfare or resources. I argue that the most plausible versions of these two theories – ‘whole lives’ luck egalitarianism and time-relative relational egalitarianism – imply conflicting answers to the opening question. Under realistic conditions, the former implies that, from the perspective of luck egalitarian justice, it is better that old people are disadvantaged by bad health than that they are not, whereas the latter theory implies that many age-based health inequalities involve unjust, non-egalitarian social relations and are therefore unjust. Hence, I contend that different egalitarian concerns must be balanced against one another, suggesting that the relational concern has greater weight in this particular case. Along the way, I propose a social model of old age analogous to the social model of disability and suggest that a whole lives version of relational egalitarianism might also be attractive.","PeriodicalId":45971,"journal":{"name":"Politics Philosophy & Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84950786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

How politically liberal should the capabilities approach want to be? 能力方法在政治上应该有多自由?

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Politics Philosophy & Economics Pub Date : 2019-02-06 DOI: 10.1177/1470594X19825495

Rosa Terlazzo

{"title":"How politically liberal should the capabilities approach want to be?","authors":"Rosa Terlazzo","doi":"10.1177/1470594X19825495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1470594X19825495","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I develop a tension in the capabilities approach between committing to political liberalism and ensuring full capability for all persons. In particular, I argue that the capabilities approach can maintain a commitment to full capability only by embracing at least one of three kinds of comprehensiveness: Even if it can avoid comprehensiveness along the dimensions of height and depth, it is committed along the dimension of breadth. In short, because the possession of capability can be hampered either by external obstacles that prevent a person from accessing a good or by internal obstacles that prevent a person from being open to it, the capabilities approach faces a dilemma: Either it can ensure that persons are free of internal obstacles to the possession of capability by pushing them to be open to functionings across a relatively comprehensive set of domains of life (that is, require breadth-comprehensiveness); or else it can side with political liberalism by making options externally available across many domains of life without encouraging internal endorsement – but in this case, it runs the risk that persons will foreseeably and avoidably face internal obstacles to genuine possession of some capabilities.","PeriodicalId":45971,"journal":{"name":"Politics Philosophy & Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81763388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancement and desert. 增强和沙漠。

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Politics Philosophy & Economics Pub Date : 2019-02-01 Epub Date: 2018-11-14 DOI: 10.1177/1470594X18810439

Thomas Douglas

引用次数: 10

Markets in votes: Alienability, strict secrecy, and political clientelism 选票的市场:可让与性、严格保密和政治庇护主义

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Politics Philosophy & Economics Pub Date : 2018-11-16 DOI: 10.1177/1470594X18809068

Nicolás Maloberti

引用次数: 0

Rage inside the machine 机器内部的愤怒

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Politics Philosophy & Economics Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/1470594X18764613

Maxime Lepoutre

{"title":"Rage inside the machine","authors":"Maxime Lepoutre","doi":"10.1177/1470594X18764613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1470594X18764613","url":null,"abstract":"According to an influential objection, which Martha Nussbaum has powerfully restated, expressing anger in democratic public discourse is counterproductive from the standpoint of justice. To resist this challenge, this article articulates a crucial yet underappreciated sense in which angry discourse is epistemically productive. Drawing on recent developments in the philosophy of emotion, which emphasize the distinctive phenomenology of emotion, I argue that conveying anger to one’s listeners is epistemically valuable in two respects: first, it can direct listeners’ attention to elusive morally relevant features of the situation; second, it enables them to register injustices that their existing evaluative categories are not yet suited to capturing. Thus, when employed skillfully, angry speech promotes a greater understanding of existing injustices. This epistemic role is indispensable in highly divided societies, where the injustices endured by some groups are often invisible to, or misunderstood by, other groups. Finally, I defuse the most forceful objections to this defense – that anger is likely to be manipulated, that it is epistemically misleading, and that my defense presupposes unrealistic levels of trust – partly by showing that they overlook the systemic character of democratic discourse.","PeriodicalId":45971,"journal":{"name":"Politics Philosophy & Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80699616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

On the claims of unjust institutions 关于不公正制度的主张

IF 0.9 2区哲学

Politics Philosophy & Economics Pub Date : 2018-10-15 DOI: 10.1177/1470594X18805162

G. Wollner

引用次数: 0