Earth Systems and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Disentangling Subsidence from Shallow Soil Processes and Gas Extraction in a Dutch UNESCO World Heritage Polder with InSAR and Data Assimilation.","authors":"Manon Verberne, Kay Koster, Hans de Bresser, Peter A Fokker","doi":"10.1007/s41748-025-00885-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41748-025-00885-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many deltas and coastal plains are densely populated because of their fertile soils and strategic locations. Yet, these areas face substantial subsidence challenges, as a result of human subsurface activities at multiple depths. Subsidence studies so far focus on the effects of individual causes, limiting the understanding of total subsidence. This is also the case in the Netherlands, with much of its coastal land already below mean sea level. This is primarily the result of centuries of water management. The subsurface in these areas is composed of soft soil, making them highly susceptible to subsidence by shrinkage, oxidation, and compaction. The effects of subsidence are locally aggravated by deeper hydrocarbon extraction. This study centers around the Beemster polder, a UNESCO World Heritage site that exemplifies complex human-induced subsidence originating from multiple depths. We distinguish the contributions of the shallow and deep subsidence causes in a joint model. We quantified the contributions and optimized modeling with data assimilation. The results of the combined effects were optimized for 2015-2022 using InSAR data. Locations with the thickest surficial peat layers exhibit over 5 mm/year subsidence, yet the effect of thick clay beds is also substantial. The expected subsidence related to gas extraction is not expected to exceed 30 mm in the period 2020-2050. Findings from this work deepen our understanding of subsidence dynamics, offering an approach that can be applied to similar subsidence-prone coastal and deltaic regions worldwide, where multiple overlapping factors drive subsidence.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>This study aims to understand and quantify the contributions of different human-induced subsidence processes in a coastal UNESCO World Heritage polder containing several actively producing gas fields. Subsidence is assessed by integrating observational data with information on (sub)surface characteristics and applying subsidence models. The workflow, summarized in the graphical abstract, involves several steps. First, all input datasets are compiled. InSAR and levelling measurements provide observational subsidence data. Subsurface information includes a lithostratigraphic model of the shallow subsurface, gas production data, and geomechanical properties of the gas reservoirs. Both the shallow model and gas extraction at depth are modeled analytically. These analytical models include parameters that are calibrated using the Ensemble Smoother with Multiple Data Assimilation (ES-MDA). This optimization step enables a quantitative separation of contributions from different subsidence processes. The resulting parameter sets are also used to project future subsidence, based on planned gas extraction and assuming that shallow subsidence continues in line with observed trends. The results reveal distinct spatial patterns in subsidence, particularly highlighting the contrast between areas with intact peat ","PeriodicalId":45867,"journal":{"name":"Earth Systems and Environment","volume":"10 5","pages":"6309-6340"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13331836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterising Heatwave Responses and Climate Driver Impacts Using Multicollinearity-Controlled Generalised Linear Mixed Models in Urban and Forest Trees (2018-2023).","authors":"Ramla Khan, Philip Wheeler, David Gowing","doi":"10.1007/s41748-025-00648-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41748-025-00648-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change is intensifying stressors on tree ecosystems, creating an urgent need to understand how climate variables influence vegetation health. This study investigated the influence of leaf temperature, wind speed, surface pressure, and moisture levels on tree health in a deciduous forest at Aspley Heath and an urban area in Milton Keynes, UK, using the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) as a vegetation health indicator. Satellite data from 2018 to 2023 revealed multiple heatwave events, with leaf temperatures surpassing the critical thresholds of 38 °C and 42 °C, as determined through controlled experiments. Generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs) demonstrated strong interactions between climate variables and vegetation health. Increased leaf temperature was positively associated with NDVI in both ecosystems, though urban trees showed a weaker response (β = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.16-0.48, p < 0.001) compared to forest trees (β = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.35-0.55, p < 0.001), suggesting urban heat island effects limit thermal benefits. Since all predictors were standardised, these coefficients indicate that a 3.82 °C increase in leaf temperature corresponds to a 0.32 NDVI increase in urban areas and a 0.45 increase in forests, reflecting meaningful ecological responses to moderate warming. Wind speed had a consistently negative impact on NDVI, with stronger effects in urban areas <b>(</b>β = - 0.21, 95% CI: - 0.41 to - 0.02, p = 0.035) than in forests (β = - 0.17, 95% CI: - 0.29 to - 0.05, p = 0.004). Surface pressure showed positive associations with vegetation health (urban: β = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.03-0.31, p = 0.02; forest: β = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.04-0.24 p = 0.005), while moisture availability emerged as a critical factor, with forest trees displaying a stronger response <b>(</b>β = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.29-0.49, p < 0.001) compared to urban trees (β = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.20-0.40, p < 0.001). Additionally, time-lag analysis revealed that leaf temperature had both an immediate effect on NDVI (lag 0: β = 0.64, p < 0.001) and a smaller delayed influence the following day (lag + 1: β = 0.18, p < 0.001) on NDVI, highlighting short-term vegetation sensitivity to thermal stress. These findings highlight how urban and forest trees differ in their resilience to climate variables, emphasising the need for targeted environmental management strategies to mitigate climate-induced stressors and protect tree ecosystems.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>The graphical abstract provides a concise visual summary of the study, illustrating how climate variables impact tree health in contrasting urban and forest environments. Using satellite-derived NDVI data and Generalised Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs), the abstract displays the standardised effect sizes (β-values) for key leaf temperature, wind speed, surface pressure, and moisture availability predictors. Each climate variable is clearly labelled alongside its corresponding β coefficient to improve interpretabili","PeriodicalId":45867,"journal":{"name":"Earth Systems and Environment","volume":"10 2","pages":"1061-1079"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13048950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147624046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Diurnal Thermal Stress Responses and Lag Effects in <i>Acer Campestre</i> Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence During UK Summers 2022-2023.","authors":"Ramla Khan, Philip Wheeler, David Gowing","doi":"10.1007/s41748-025-01021-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41748-025-01021-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Urban trees face increasing extreme heat, yet the timing of their short-term physiological responses remains unclear. This study investigated thermal stress dynamics in &lt;i&gt;Acer campestre&lt;/i&gt; during two contrasting UK summers (2022 and 2023) and examined how sampling frequency affects the detection of temporal lag effects. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (NPQ and ETR&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;) were measured daily during the 2022 high heat days and weekly under the milder conditions of 2023. Generalised linear mixed models and cross-correlation analyses explored the relationships between leaf temperature and photosynthetic performance. In 2022, NPQ showed increased morning thermal sensitivity under extreme heat, but detrended analyses did not reveal strong multi-day lag effects. ETR&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; responded in synchrony with temperature, showing no detectable time lag. In 2023, apparent multi-day correlations matched exactly with the weekly sampling interval and were diminished or nullified by detrending, suggesting sampling artefacts rather than physiological memory. Across both years, morning measurements consistently indicated the greatest thermal sensitivity. These findings reveal that &lt;i&gt;Acer campestre&lt;/i&gt; exhibits threshold-dependent stress responses and highlight the importance of high-frequency sampling for accurately capturing short-term physiological dynamics. Sparse sampling can produce misleading lag patterns, emphasising the need to match measurement frequency with the biological response timescales in urban tree monitoring.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Graphical abstract: &lt;/strong&gt;This graphical abstract describes the contrasting methodological approaches and key physiological findings between the two years. The study compared extreme heat conditions in 2022 (depicted by the red thermometer and text) with moderate thermal conditions in 2023 (orange thermometer and text). The left panel displays laboratory measurements from 2022, where a researcher in lab attire collected detached leaf samples for chlorophyll fluorescence analysis using specialised sensors measuring NPQ, ETR&lt;sub&gt;max,&lt;/sub&gt; and leaf temperature (T). The right panel shows field-based canopy measurements from 2023, featuring a researcher with safety equipment using a ladder to reach tree canopies with the same sensor technology. Diurnal response patterns are illustrated through sun symbols representing morning, midday, and evening measurements, with directional arrows indicating parameter trends. In 2022, extreme heat caused declining NPQ and ETR&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; responses (downward red arrows) despite rising temperatures (upward arrows), indicating physiological stress. The year 2023 showed mixed responses with NPQ decreasing in the morning but increasing later, while ETR&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; consistently increased throughout the day (upward orange arrows), suggesting normal diurnal optimisation without thermal limitation. The temporal analysis results are summarised at the bottom, with clock and c","PeriodicalId":45867,"journal":{"name":"Earth Systems and Environment","volume":"10 6","pages":"7393-7408"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13388340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glacier Retreat, Mapping, and Landform Evolution in Jhelum Basin, Kashmir, India","authors":"Zahid Majeed, Muneer Ahmad, Rakesh Mishra, Pawan Kumar, Kamal Kumar, Ajai Kumar, Vishnu Nandan, S. N. Remya","doi":"10.1007/s41748-025-00801-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-025-00801-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45867,"journal":{"name":"Earth Systems and Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147882607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Removal of Arsenic (III) From Aqueous Solution and Salt Lake Water Using Novel Calcium Alginate/Modified Biochar Aerogel Spheres","authors":"Israr Masood ul Hasan, Bo Li, Niu Zhengrong, Dandan Gao, Yaoling Zhang, Xinqian Li, Muhammad Zubair Nawaz, Muhammad Ikram, Muhammad Irfan, Khalid Hussain, Hai‐Tao Feng","doi":"10.1007/s41748-025-00789-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-025-00789-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45867,"journal":{"name":"Earth Systems and Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenite [As(III)] Removal from Water Using Layered Double Hydroxide/Biochar Hybrid Composites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactive Site Identification","authors":"Muhammad Irfan, Israr Masood ul Hasan, Muhammad Jafir, Walter Hu, Chang Li, Mohamad Nazri Mohamad Din, Yixing Zhu, Khalid Hussain, Liugen Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s41748-025-00751-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-025-00751-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45867,"journal":{"name":"Earth Systems and Environment","volume":"9 3","pages":"1737-1753"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147898149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Land use and Land Cover Change on Soil Erosion and Soil Organic Carbon Stock in Southeastern Tunisia","authors":"Hayet Mnasri, Bilel Abdelkarim, Adélia Nunes, Sanju Purohit, Houda Sahnoun, Salah Mahmoudi","doi":"10.1007/s41748-025-00581-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-025-00581-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45867,"journal":{"name":"Earth Systems and Environment","volume":"9 4","pages":"2823-2835"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147907308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Reliability of Landslides Susceptibility Models with Limited Data: Impact of Geomorphological Diversity and Technique Selection on Model Performance in Taounate Province, Northern Morocco","authors":"Reda Sahrane, Ali Bounab, Ilias Obda, Oussama Obda, Rachid El Hamdouni, Younès El Kharim","doi":"10.1007/s41748-024-00455-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-024-00455-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45867,"journal":{"name":"Earth Systems and Environment","volume":"9 1","pages":"421-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147915456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feedback Mechanisms Between Atmospheric and Oceanic Factors on Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Over Tropical Coastal Waters","authors":"Muhammad Fikri Sigid, Yusri Yusup, Abdulghani Essayah Swesi, Haitem M. Almdhun, Ehsan Jolous Jamshidi","doi":"10.1007/s41748-024-00448-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-024-00448-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45867,"journal":{"name":"Earth Systems and Environment","volume":"8 4","pages":"1893-1916"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147907850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Role of the Key Conditioning Factors in Flood Susceptibility Mapping Through Machine Learning Approaches","authors":"Khalifa M. Al-Kindi, Zahra Alabri","doi":"10.1007/s41748-023-00369-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-023-00369-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45867,"journal":{"name":"Earth Systems and Environment","volume":"50 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139448007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}