FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA最新文献

{"title":"Should the funding of laxatives be reconsidered? Problems in the complex chronic and palliative pediatric patient.","authors":"Lucía Hernández Peláez, José Vicente Serna Berná, María de Castro Julve, Alba Pérez Contel","doi":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.07.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farma.2024.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45860,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-risk pediatric medications: A listing proposal by interdisciplinary consensus technique.","authors":"Yolanda Hernández Gago, Pedro J Alcalá Minagorre, Belén Rodríguez Marrodán, Laura Hernández Sabater, María José Cabañas Poy, Cristina Martínez Roca, Jimena Pérez Moreno","doi":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farma.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pediatric patients are more likely to experience medication-related errors and serious associated harms. The identification of high-risk medications (HRM) and their study in special populations, such as children with excess body weight, is a part of safety improvement strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To generate, through a consensus technique structured by an interdisciplinary group of pediatricians and hospital pharmacists, an operational and updated list of HRM for hospital use in children over 2 years of age. The document was part of a collaboration project between the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacists and the Spanish Society of Pediatric Hospital Medicine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was carried out in two sequential phases: a) preparation of a preliminary list of HRM through bibliographic review and b) subsequent application of the double-round Delphi method to agree on a definitive list of HRM. The results obtained were validated by calculating the probability of chance agreement and the modified Kappa statistic for each drug.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The original list obtained by bibliographic review included 26 pharmacological classes and 96 drugs. Of the total of 37 experts, 32 (86.4%) completed both rounds of the Delphi. The final consensus list of HRM incorporated 24 pharmacological classes and 100 drugs. The modified Kappa statistic reflected a high percent agreement (94.9%) in the consensus reached by the participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This list can establish a tool for future studies and interventions to improve the safety of medications in general pediatric population, as well as in high-risk subgroups, such as pediatric patients with excess body weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":45860,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Translated article] Prioritisation of 2024-2027 initiatives of the strategic Map for outpatient pharmaceutical care of the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy.","authors":"Ramón Morillo Verdugo, Beatriz Bernardez Ferrán, Aurora Fernández Polo, Luis Margusino Framiñan, José Manuel Martínez Sesmero, Manuel Velez-Diaz-Pallarés, Esther Vicente-Escrig","doi":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farma.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To prioritise the initiatives to be developed for the development of the Strategic Map of Outpatient Care (MAPEX) project to improve the quality of care and pharmaceutical care for patients seen in hospital pharmacy outpatient clinics in the period 2024-2027 in Spain.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study was carried out in 4 phases between January and December 2023. For phase 1, a literature review of the evolution of the project was carried out by the coordinating committee with the aim of establishing a basis on which to define a new proposal for initiatives. In addition, an analysis was made of the health trends that will have an impact in the coming years. In phase 2, a working group of 19 specialists from all the autonomous communities was created, who were called regional ambassadors. They all made a preliminary proposal of initiatives and established revisions for their adjustment and final version both online and in telematic meetings. In phase 3, a consensus was established based on the Delphi-Rand/UCLA methodology with 2 rounds of online voting to select the initiatives classified as: priority and key or breakthrough. Between the first and second round of voting, a face-to-face \"Consensus Conference\" was held, where the results of the first round were presented. In phase 4, a public presentation was made in scientific forums and through the web.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten trends in the health sector were identified. A list of 34 initiatives grouped into 5 lines of work was established. A total of 103 panellists participated in the first round and 76 in the second. Finally, 5 initiatives were established as priority and 29 as key. Among those prioritised were external visibility, adaptations to the CMO methodology, strengthening certification, and improving training.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The initiatives agreed upon as priorities were aimed at improving professional visibility, broadening the methodology of care work, expanding the quality of care, enhancing the training of professionals, and the voice of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":45860,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Lactate Dehydrogenase and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving immunotherapy.","authors":"Claudia Rosique-Aznar, Alejandro Valcuende-Rosique, Dolores Rosique-Robles, Agustín Sánchez-Alcaraz","doi":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farma.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The expression level of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is the only approved biomarker for predicting response to immunotherapy, yet its efficacy is not always consistent. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) has been associated with tumor aggressiveness and poorer prognosis across various cancer types and may serve as a useful biomarker for monitoring treatment response. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between LDH levels prior to the start of treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and clinical outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted including patients diagnosed with NSCLC who were treated with at least three cycles of immunotherapy. Data on demographics, clinical and pathological characteristics, treatment received, pre-treatment LDH levels, and clinical outcomes such as treatment response and overall survival (OS) were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 181 patients diagnosed with NSCLC were included. Elevated pre-treatment LDH levels (more than 244 U/l) were associated with significantly reduced OS. The median survival was 548 days in patients with LDH less than 244 U/l, compared to 332 days in those with LDH more than 244 U/l (p = 0.037). Among men, OS was greater in the LDH less than 244 U/l group (623 days) versus 332 days in the LDH more than 244 U/l group (p = 0.043). In patients with metastatic disease, OS was higher in those with LDH less than 244 U/l (474 days) compared to 249 days in those with LDH more than 244 U/l (p = 0.023). In patients receiving both immunotherapy and chemotherapy, OS was greater in those with LDH less than 244 U/l (623 days) compared to 281 days in the LDH more than 244 U/l group (p = 0.042).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High levels of LDH prior to the start of treatment with ICIs are associated with lower treatment efficacy and a worse prognosis of the disease, especially in male, metastatic patients with a PD-L1 expression level less than 1%.</p>","PeriodicalId":45860,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Translated article] Knowledge of biological therapy in patients with immune-mediated diseases. BIOINFO study.","authors":"Carlos Seguí-Solanes, Lidia Estrada, Esther Ramírez Herráiz, Silvia Ruiz-García, Tomás Palanques-Pastor, Vicente Merino Bohórquez, Cristina Capilla Montes, Joaquín Borras-Blasco","doi":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farma.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the degree of knowledge about biological therapy and biosimilars in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases treated in Outpatient Pharmaceutical Care Units.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Observational, prospective, and multicenter study during the period May 2020-March 2021. A survey (9 questions) was conducted before starting treatment in which the patients' level of knowledge about biological therapy and biosimilars was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 169 patients were included in the study. The average value for the different questions was 3.3±0.6 out of 5, while the average final result was 29.4 points out of 45. 64.5% of the patients had an acceptable level before starting the medication (>27 points). The multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant correlation (p<.05) with a better score at the beginning of treatment in those patients whose prescribing service was Rheumatology.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In general, the level of knowledge prior to biological therapy in patients is acceptable, being higher in dosage and administration technique related-factors and what is related to the dosage and administration technique and where to find information related to the medication; the worst rated were those on biosimilars-related. The factor of being followed by rheumatology, was associated with better knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":45860,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bronchodilator administration by pressurized inhaler during invasive mechanical ventilation in adults: A scoping review.","authors":"Kathleen Asturian, Mariana Balhego-Rocha, Diogo Pilger","doi":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farma.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify the administration characteristics and connection methods of bronchodilators by pressurized inhalers to the ventilatory circuit of patients under invasive mechanical ventilation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scope review was conducted following the PRISMA for Scoping Review, using the PubMed, Embase Elsevier, Cochrane Library, and Lilacs databases without language restrictions, up to July 2023. Eligible sources included reviews and consensuses (based on clinical studies), experimental and observational studies involving adult patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation, regardless of the underlying condition, who used bronchodilator drugs contained in pressurized inhalers. Information regarding inhalation technique, pressurized inhalers connection mode to the circuit, and patient care were collected by two researchers independently, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. Studies involving bronchodilators combined with other pharmacological classes in the same device, as well as reviews containing preclinical studies, were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 23 publications were included, comprising 19 clinical trials and 4 non-randomized experimental studies. Salbutamol (albuterol) was the bronchodilator of study in the majority of the articles (n=18), and the spacer device was the most commonly used to connect the pressurized inhaler to the circuit (n=15), followed by an in-line adapter (n=3) and a direct-acting device without chamber (n=3). Concerning the pressurized inhaler placement in the circuit, 18 studies positioned it in the inspiratory limb, and 19 studies synchronized the jet actuation with the start of the inspiratory phase. Agitation of the pressurized inhaler before each actuation, waiting time between actuations, airway suction before administration, and semi-recumbent patient positioning were the most commonly described measures across the studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review provided insights into the aspects related to inhalation technique in mechanically ventilated patients, as well as the most prevalent findings and the existing gaps in knowledge regarding bronchodilator administration in this context. The evidence indicates the need for further research on this subject.</p>","PeriodicalId":45860,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Translated article] Patient-reported outcome measures for assessing atopic dermatitis in clinical practice.","authors":"Gabriel Mercadal-Orfila, Carlos Seguí-Solanes, Nuria Rudi-Sola, Maria Eugenia Escriva-Sancho, Rosa Taberner-Ferrer","doi":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farma.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin condition that affects up to 20% of children and 10% of adults worldwide. Due to the high burden of dermatological signs and symptoms, atopic dermatitis has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients and their families. In the absence of objective measures to accurately assess severity and symptom burden, patient-reported outcome measures are essential to monitor the impact and progression of the disease, as well as the efficacy of treatments. Although there are currently no standardised guidelines for their use in clinical practice, there are some initiatives, such as the Harmonise Outcome Measures for Eczema and Vivir con Dermatitis Atópica, that can provide guidance. As healthcare systems move toward value-based healthcare models, patient-reported measures are becoming increasingly important for incorporating the patient perspective and improving the quality of healthcare services. The use of these measures can help monitor disease activity and guide treatment decisions. This article discusses the impact of atopic dermatitis and describes the patient-reported outcome measures commonly used in atopic dermatitis and the recommendations of the initiatives that have selected a core set of measures to best assess atopic dermatitis in clinical practice. Considering the recommendations of these initiatives and based on our experience in clinical practice, we propose the use of the Dermatology Life Quality Index to assess the impact of the disease on quality of life, the Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure to assess symptom severity, and the Numerical Rating Scale or the Visual Analogue Scale to measure itch intensity. To systematise the administration of these measures and to integrate them into hospital information systems and medical records, we emphasise the importance of telemedicine platforms that allow the electronic administration of these instruments.</p>","PeriodicalId":45860,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health-Related Quality of Life and Associated Factors in Patients Undergoing Kidney Replacement Therapies.","authors":"Alfonso Pereira-Céspedes, Alberto Jiménez-Morales, Aurora Polo-Moyano, Elizabeth Spruce-Esparza, Magdalena Palomares-Bayo, Fernando Martínez-Martínez, Miguel Ángel Calleja-Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.08.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farma.2024.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Characterize the health-related quality of life among patients undergoing kidney replacement therapy and to explore associated factors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A descriptive observational study was conducted using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life. The Dader Method was employed to evaluate negative outcomes associated with medications. Face-to-face interviews and clinical records were utilized to collect sociodemographic and clinical data from patients undergoing kidney replacement therapy at the Nephrology Department of Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital (Granada, Spain). We explored the association between independent variables (clinical and demographic factors) and dependent variables (Mental Component Score and Physical Component Score) using the linear regression method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-one participants were included, 47 (48.35%) were females. The mean age was 62 years, 52 patients (57.14%) were on hemodialysis, 13 patients (14.29%) on peritoneal dialysis, and 26 patients (28.57%) on other forms of kidney replacement therapy. The study revealed a mean Physical Component Score of 40.89 and a Mental Component Score of 47.19. Additionally, 98.90% of the patients experienced negative outcomes associated with medications. Influential factors include age, comorbid conditions, the number of medications, and clinical parameters such as vitamin D and calcium levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study underscores significant findings in patients undergoing kidney replacement therapy, indicating low Mental Component Score and Physical Component Score, accompanied by negative outcomes associated with medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":45860,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Survey and consensus document on dosing strategies for beta-lactam antibiotics against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB) in critically ill patients undergoing extracorporeal life support techniques: The DOSEBL study protocol.","authors":"Alba Pau-Parra, María Núñez-Núñez, Svetlana Sadyrbaeva-Dolgova, Laura Doménech Moral, Eva Campelo Sánchez, Leonor Del Mar Periañez Parraga, Khalid Saeed Khan, Sònia Luque Pardos","doi":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.07.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farma.2024.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB) in critically ill patients present a challenge for timely and appropriate antibiotic treatment. This is particularly important in patients undergoing extracorporeal life support techniques such as renal replacement therapy and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. These techniques can introduce additional pharmacokinetic alterations, potentially leading to suboptimal exposure to antibiotics. This study aims to outline dosing strategies and therapeutic drug monitoring protocols for new β-lactam antibiotics effective against MDR-GNB in critically ill patients undergoing extracorporeal life support techniques at a national level. Additionally, the study seeks to develop a consensus document, based on available evidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The project will comprise two main phases: I) A national survey, and II) the development of a consensus document. This consensus document, undertaken according to ACCORD guidelines, will encompass: a) establishment of a multidisciplinary panel of experts, b) prospective registration of the consensus, c) evidence synthesis, d) modified Delphi rounds. The antimicrobials to be included will be: meropenem, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, cefiderocol, meropenem/vaborbactam, imipenem/relebactam, and aztreonam. Extracorporeal life support techniques will include continuous renal replacement therapy, conventional intermittent hemodialysis, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The availability of extracorporeal life support techniques has expanded significantly in recent years, alongside a rise in the prevalence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB). There is a need to develop evidence-based tools of high quality to standardize dosing and monitoring strategies for new β-lactam antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":45860,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Translated article] Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of antibiotic and antifungical drugs in paediatric and newborn patients. Consensus Guidelines of the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH) and the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases (SEIP)","authors":"Sonia Luque ,&nbsp;Natalia Mendoza-Palomar ,&nbsp;David Aguilera-Alonso ,&nbsp;Beatriz Garrido ,&nbsp;Marta Miarons ,&nbsp;Ana Isabel Piqueras ,&nbsp;Enrique Tévar ,&nbsp;Eneritz Velasco-Arnaiz ,&nbsp;Aurora Fernàndez-Polo","doi":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.02.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Therapeutic monitoring of antibiotics and antifungals based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters is a strategy increasingly used for the optimization of therapy to improve efficacy, reduce the occurrence of toxicities, and prevent the selection of antimicrobial resistance, particularly in vulnerable patients including neonates and the critical or immunocompromised paediatric host.</p><p>In neonates and children, infections account for a high percentage of hospital admissions, and anti-infectives are the most used drugs. However, paediatric PK/PD studies and the evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of some newly marketed antibiotics and antifungals—usually used off-label in paediatrics—to determine the optimal drug dosage regimens are limited. It is widely known that this population presents important differences in the PK parameters (especially in drug clearance and volume of distribution) in comparison with adults that may alter antimicrobial exposure and, therefore, compromise treatment success. In addition, paediatric patients are more susceptible to potential adverse drug effects and they need closer monitoring.</p><p>The aim of this document, developed jointly by the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy and the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, is to describe the available evidence on the indications for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antibiotics and antifungals in newborn and paediatric patients, and to provide practical recommendations for TDM in routine clinical practice to optimise their dosing, efficacy and safety. Of antibiotics and antifungals in the paediatric population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45860,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1130634324000345/pdfft?md5=b4971aef37c3c2335adba6a4bd2e2aec&pid=1-s2.0-S1130634324000345-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}