Journal of the Economics of Ageing最新文献_第4页

Intergenerational paid and unpaid labor production and consumption inequality by gender in Mexico 墨西哥代际有偿和无偿劳动生产和消费的性别不平等

IF 2.2 3区经济学

Journal of the Economics of Ageing Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100496

Iván Mejía-Guevara , María Estela Rivero Fuentes

{"title":"Intergenerational paid and unpaid labor production and consumption inequality by gender in Mexico","authors":"Iván Mejía-Guevara , María Estela Rivero Fuentes","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prior research on inequality<span> in Mexico has largely centered on income, education, and job status, overlooking the compound impact on gender and generational disparities. This oversight limits our understanding of social mobility dynamics and prospects. This study contributes to this body of research by analyzing labor income and consumption inequalities between 1994 and 2014, incorporating unpaid care and household production from 2014, using National Transfer Accounts frameworks. The study reveals five main findings. First, an increase in the number of households with secondary education<span> might not be enough to significantly reduce inequality, as the proportion of households with tertiary education remained unchanged between 1994 and 2014. Second, progress in reducing labor income and consumption inequality among educational groups stagnated or reversed by 2014. Third, substantial differences exist in labor income and consumption across socioeconomic groups, with men consistently earning more than women. Fourth, unpaid household production varies across educational groups, with women in the most educated group dedicating the least time to these activities, while men in this group contribute more than other groups. Lastly, unpaid care and household production plays a significant role for women, and if they were compensated, it could considerably equalize labor income across genders and socioeconomic groups. This paper emphasizes the critical role of education and the equitable valuation of paid and unpaid work in reducing economic disparities in Mexico across genders and throughout the economic life cycle. To address disparities, the study stresses the importance of expanding education and aligning labor markets accordingly.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138436285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investment in human capital by socioeconomic status in Uruguay 乌拉圭按社会经济地位划分的人力资本投资

IF 2.2 3区经济学

Journal of the Economics of Ageing Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100495

Marisa Bucheli, Cecilia González

引用次数: 0

Education and South Africa’s waning demographic dividend 教育和南非日益减少的人口红利

IF 2.2 3区经济学

Journal of the Economics of Ageing Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100484

Morné Oosthuizen

引用次数: 0

Preference for young workers in mid-career recruiting using online ads for sales jobs: Evidence from Japan 年轻员工在职业中期通过网络广告招聘销售职位时更受青睐:来自日本的证据

IF 2.2 3区经济学

Journal of the Economics of Ageing Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100479

Mirka Zvedelikova

{"title":"Preference for young workers in mid-career recruiting using online ads for sales jobs: Evidence from Japan","authors":"Mirka Zvedelikova","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study uses an original dataset of online mid-career job ads for full-time sales jobs collected from July 2018 to December 2019 to examine the use of explicit and implied age limits on job applicants and the characteristics of firms that set them. Although Japanese law prohibits age discrimination in employment, several exemptions, such as hiring young workers without prior work experience on regular contracts, are allowed. Firms can set an age limit, require job-related experience, or search broadly; however, they can also express their age preference in other ways. In the sample, 24 % of ads included explicit age limits generally capped at 35 years, 26 % set experience requirements, and nearly all contained some form of implied age preference. Consistent with theoretical predictions, the results show that firms with higher capital, those with fewer employees, older firms and those located in urban centers tended to set requirements on applicants. Further, domestic firms, firms with fewer employees, in urban centers and firms using probation periods for new hires were more likely to set age limits. Moreover, firms setting either requirement did not seem to be sensitive to local labor market conditions. Firms searching broadly responded to population age-related increased wage expectations while reducing labor costs by increasing the number of working hours covered by a baseline wage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212828X23000397/pdfft?md5=4419631176c0d0297a0e3c16d10a6181&pid=1-s2.0-S2212828X23000397-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138391009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generational economic dependency in aging Europe: Contribution of education and population changes 老龄化欧洲的代际经济依赖:教育和人口变化的贡献

IF 2.2 3区经济学

Journal of the Economics of Ageing Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100485

Elisenda Rentería , Guadalupe Souto , Tanja Istenič , Jože Sambt

{"title":"Generational economic dependency in aging Europe: Contribution of education and population changes","authors":"Elisenda Rentería , Guadalupe Souto , Tanja Istenič , Jože Sambt","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Europe is experiencing the challenges of aging. However, different evolutions of their dependency ratios are observed, stimulated in many cases by the baby boom generation entering retirement ages. Simultaneously, a huge educational expansion also started in the second half of the 20th century, but at different speeds and levels. Education has been pointed out as a possible solution to offset the impact of aging on the sustainability of the welfare state, but, is this true for all European countries? Have all of them taken advantage of previous lower demographic dependency ratios? In this paper, we try to answer these questions by estimating the change in demographic dependency from an economic perspective considering the implications of a changing educational composition. We combine economic profiles of production and consumption by age and educational level (obtained using the National Transfer Accounts methodology) and population projections by level of education to estimate the Economic Support Ratio (<em>ESR)</em> growth rates from 1950 to 2080 for 19 European countries. Results show that the positive <em>ESR</em><span> since 1970 for a majority of countries is, in most cases, driven by an universal educational expansion, as the expected positive effect of the post-war baby boom is not observed in all countries. Around 2010–15, the ESR growth turns negative in many countries, as population aging cannot be offset anymore by on-going educational increases. In the future, the age effect will be the main driver of the ESR evolution due to the strong aging process, and an educational expansion almost fulfilled.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135715387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Age and education effects in Singapore’s demographic dividend 1970–2020 1970-2020年新加坡人口红利的年龄和教育效应

IF 2.2 3区经济学

Journal of the Economics of Ageing Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100482

Eddie Choo, Christopher Gee

{"title":"Age and education effects in Singapore’s demographic dividend 1970–2020","authors":"Eddie Choo, Christopher Gee","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Singapore had experienced rapid GDP growth from the period of 1970-2020. This work is adds to the overall contribution in studies understanding the contribution of age and education effects in the demographic dividend for countries, in this case – for a small, rapidly-developing country in Asia that had achieved high-income status. Following Rentería et. al. (2016), we use the Das Gupta decomposition technique to decompose Singapore’s demographic dividend to the respective age effect and education effect. We do this, having derived labour income and consumption profiles by age and education attainment, using National Transfer Account (NTA) methodology. We find that for Singapore the education effect was larger than the age effect for the entire period, driven by the education effect on labour income. These findings are comparable to Rentería et. al. (2016) for Mexico and Spain where the education effect were also larger than the age effect. Understanding the contributions of age and education effects on the economic support ratio will have policy implications as Singapore continues to age rapidly. This work also adds to the perspective on the importance of building up human capital in sustaining the demographic dividend.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135614447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of educational attainment in production and transfers in the form of unpaid household work 教育程度在生产和以无偿家务劳动形式的转移中的作用

IF 2.2 3区经济学

Journal of the Economics of Ageing Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100481

Ema Kelin , Tanja Istenič , Jože Sambt

{"title":"The role of educational attainment in production and transfers in the form of unpaid household work","authors":"Ema Kelin , Tanja Istenič , Jože Sambt","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper analyses the role of educational level in unpaid household work by breaking down the age profiles of production and transfers by three educational levels: low, medium, and high. The age profiles of the production and transfers of unpaid household work are presented for eight EU countries: Austria, Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Slovenia, and Spain. Results show that time spent on housework peaks around the retirement age. At this point, individuals retire and have more time available for housework. However, the educational level does not have a large impact on men’s housework production levels, but it has it on the levels of women’s housework production. The results further show that highly educated women tend to spend the least time on housework production over the life cycle. On the other hand, men and women with high levels of education spend the most time on childcare, while both men and women with low levels of education spend the least on it: about two and a half times less time than the highly educated. Women are still the main providers of childcare and also the main transfer givers of unpaid household work over the life cycle. On the other hand, men of all educational levels are transfer recipients for most of the life cycle. However, highly educated men give highest transfers during their working ages in most of the countries analysed, while highly educated women transfer slightly less of unpaid household work than women of other educational levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212828X23000415/pdfft?md5=765de879bd6cacd10ab03b2fc19b4f72&pid=1-s2.0-S2212828X23000415-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91992730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Socioeconomic inequalities in national transfers accounts in Ecuador 2006 and 2011: Did a new socialist government make a difference? 2006年和2011年厄瓜多尔国民转移支付账户中的社会经济不平等:一个新的社会主义政府是否有所作为?

IF 2.2 3区经济学

Journal of the Economics of Ageing Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100483

Luis Rosero-Bixby

{"title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in national transfers accounts in Ecuador 2006 and 2011: Did a new socialist government make a difference?","authors":"Luis Rosero-Bixby","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Latin America is the least egalitarian region in the world. A neo-socialist government in Ecuador prioritized the reduction of socioeconomic status (SES) inequalities. The generational economy is a framework to understand the economic lifecycle and to link demographic change with people's well-being. This article aims to uncover SES-driven inequalities in the generational economy of Ecuador: did public transfers modify them from 2006 to 2011? National transfer accounts (NTA) were disaggregated by SES quartiles, which were defined by the highest level of education attainment in each household. The accounts within SES quartiles were estimated using standard NTA methods. A pseudo-Gini coefficient summarized SES-driven inequalities by age and generational account. This secondary analysis was based on existing micro databases from the Ecuadorian NTA.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>National averages do not represent well the generational economy of the low-SES population. The usual gradient of higher economic figures in higher SES strata shows up in almost all NTAs with the notable exceptions of reversal (progressive) gradients in conditional public cash transfers to low-SES households and public education at the elementary school level. Retirement pensions are extremely regressive public transfers, benefiting mostly high-SES strata.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Population aging might worsen the high levels of inequality already existing in Ecuador and Latin America. Some progressive public policies worked well to reduce inequality in Ecuador.</p></div><div><h3>Contribution</h3><p>This article demonstrates the importance of uncovering SES-driven inequalities existing in NTAs and their change through the lifecycle. It also identifies public policies that ameliorated inequality as well as public transfers that are regressive.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135509694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regional institutional quality and territorial equity in LTC provision LTC提供中的区域制度质量和地区公平

IF 2.2 3区经济学

Journal of the Economics of Ageing Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100477

Anna Marenzi , Dino Rizzi , Michele Zanette , Francesca Zantomio

{"title":"Regional institutional quality and territorial equity in LTC provision","authors":"Anna Marenzi , Dino Rizzi , Michele Zanette , Francesca Zantomio","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We show how regional governments affect the appropriate – in terms of territorial equity – assignment of a national LTC benefit. We analyse the case of Italy, featuring a three-layers setting, where eligibility criteria are defined by the central government (which bears the fiscal cost of transfers), but the assignment decision is taken by regional medical commissions, while applications are activated by individual potential beneficiaries. Combining administrative and survey data, and accounting for regional variation in eligibility prevalence, we document large territorial disparities in need-adjusted benefit assignment. We investigate the determinants of such disparities both in terms of individuals’ differential propensity to claim, and of regional discretionary behaviour, as shaped by the underlying quality of regional institutions. While several data limitations recommend caution, the empirical results suggest – in line with our conceptual framework – that regional discretion plays a role in LTC provision: in more detail, lower regional institutional quality appears related to more opportunistic benefit adjudication decisions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50192296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mortality differentials, the racial and ethnic retirement wealth gap, and the COVID-19 Pandemic 死亡率差异、种族和民族退休财富差距以及新冠肺炎大流行

IF 2.2 3区经济学

Journal of the Economics of Ageing Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100478

Edward N. Wolff

{"title":"Mortality differentials, the racial and ethnic retirement wealth gap, and the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Edward N. Wolff","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeoa.2023.100478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using the Survey of Consumer Finances<span>, I find that the Black/white gap in standard net worth widened from 1989 to 2019 but narrowed between Hispanics and (non-Hispanic) whites. When the definition of wealth is expanded to incorporate Social Security and defined benefit pension wealth (both the discounted sum of future benefits) to create augmented wealth, the wealth gap is sharply reduced, especially for median wealth. The Black/white and Hispanic/white disparity in Social Security wealth lessened considerably over 1989–2019. In contrast, the Black/white ratio of mean augmented wealth showed no change, though the ratio of median augmented wealth progressed. The Hispanic/white ratio of both mean and median augmented wealth advanced as well. The COVID-19 Pandemic struck in 2020 and hit the minority community much harder than whites in terms of mortality rates. Besides claiming over a million lives overall, it lopped off 4.7 percent of Social Security wealth among whites, 11.5 percent among Blacks, and 13.1 percent among Hispanics. As a result, while mean augmented wealth dipped only 1.2 percent among whites, it fell 6.7 percent among Black households and 7.3 percent among Hispanics. The effect was even stronger on median values – declines of a 2.6, 9.3 and 12.1 percent, respectively.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50192298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0