Economic and Social Review最新文献

{"title":"Linking Sustainable Development Assessment in Ireland and the European Union with Economic Theory","authors":"Luke McGrath, S. Hynes, J. McHale","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.309508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.309508","url":null,"abstract":"Economists offer what is arguably the most internally consistent framework for sustainable development assessment, the so-called “capital approach”. To operationalise the capital approach, measures of the changes in comprehensive national wealth (Genuine Savings) are required. In this paper, we present estimates of Ireland’s Genuine Savings using the updated public spending code for direction and compare our results with existing estimates in the literature. For practical sustainability assessment, no single indicator is capable of providing an all-encompassing answer, but as we demonstrate, the current monitoring of sustainable development in Ireland and across the EU lacks coherence. We suggest potential paths forward for sustainability policy and assessment that preserve the link with economic theory. We show that regardless of the viewpoint taken on sustainability, the capital approach can provide guidance for a coherent assessment framework.","PeriodicalId":45826,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Social Review","volume":"51 1","pages":"327-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45848330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making the Worst of a Bad Situation: A Note on Irexit","authors":"Ronald B. Davies, J. François","doi":"10.7892/BORIS.126108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7892/BORIS.126108","url":null,"abstract":"Relative to the rest of the EU, Ireland is especially vulnerable to the fallout from Brexit, both economically and politically. With increasing frustration over the reaction from Brussels, some are suggesting that an Irish exit from the EU would benefit the nation. A key argument for this is that it would allow for reintegration with the UK, thus reinstating close ties with one of its largest trading partners. Using a structurally estimated general equilibrium model, we estimate that such a move would substantially worsen the impacts of Brexit, with lower-skill and agricultural workers being disproportionately affected. This is due to the fact that while the UK is one of Ireland’s most important trading partners, trade with the rest of the EU is much more important.","PeriodicalId":45826,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Social Review","volume":"49 1","pages":"455-462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45723529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JOB INSECURITY AND WELL-BEING IN RICH DEMOCRACIES.","authors":"Arne L Kalleberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Precarious work (i.e., work that is insecure and uncertain, often low-paying, and in which the risks of work are shifted from employers and the government to workers) has emerged as a serious concern for individuals and families and underlies many of the insecurities that have fueled recent populist political movements. The impacts of precarious work differ among countries depending on their labor market and welfare system institutions, laws and policies, and cultural factors. This article examines how people in six advanced industrial countries representing different welfare and employment regimes-Denmark, Germany, Japan, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States-differ both in their experience of precarious work and in outcomes of precarious work such as job and economic insecurity, entry into the labor force, and subjective well-being. It also suggests a new social and political contract needed to address precarious work and its consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":45826,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Social Review","volume":"49 3","pages":"241-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6703155/pdf/nihms-1045391.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41215620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxation, Debt and Relative Prices in the Long Run: The Irish Experience","authors":"V. Galstyan, Adnan Velic","doi":"10.21427/D7RV3S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21427/D7RV3S","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the effects of public debt and distortionary labour taxation on the long-run behaviour of Irish relative non-traded goods prices. We highlight that higher public debt, acting through higher taxes, has an equivocal impact on the relative supply of non-traded goods and, correspondingly, relative prices. Our empirical analysis for Ireland suggests that taxes and public debt play significant roles in the long run, comoving negatively with the relative price of non-tradables. Accordingly, shifts in public debt and taxation bear implications for the country’s international price competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":45826,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Social Review","volume":"48 1","pages":"231-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2017-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44798400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxes, Income and Economic Mobility in Ireland: New Evidence from Tax Records Data","authors":"Sean F. Kennedy, Yosuke Jin, David Haugh, P. Lenain","doi":"10.1787/5JRQC6ZLGQ31-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/5JRQC6ZLGQ31-EN","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses income inequality in Ireland using a new panel dataset based on the administrative tax records of the Revenue Commissioners for Ireland. High inequality at market incomes in Ireland by international standards appears to be driven by both ends of the income distribution. An analysis of income mobility over time shows it has been low at both ends of the income distribution, though it increased at the low end once the crisis began, reflecting the sharp deterioration of the labour market. The data confirms that the tax system is highly progressive at the high end of income distribution and the welfare system provides the most significant support to lower income deciles in Ireland. The redistributive function in the tax and benefit system was enhanced during the last decade, not only because more income support was necessitated with the crisis, but also because of steeper and more progressive tax rates. This working paper relates to the 2015 OECD Economic Survey of Ireland (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-ireland. Les impots, le revenu et la mobilite economique en Irlande : Nouvelles preuves a partir des donnees des dossiers fiscaux Ce document analyse l’inegalite de revenus en Irlande a l’aide d’un dataset panel construit a la base des declarations fiscales du Revenue Commissioners de l’Irlande. La forte inegalite du revenu initial en Irlande par rapport aux normes internationales apparait etre dirigee par les deux extremites de la distribution des revenus. Une analyse de la mobilite economique (a travers de la distribution des revenus) dans le temps montre qu’elle etait faible aux deux extremites de la distribution des revenus, mais elle a accru a l’extremite inferieure de la distribution une fois la crise a commence, en refletant la forte deterioration du marche du travail. Les donnees confirment que le systeme fiscal est hautement progressif a l’extremite superieure de la distribution des revenus et le systeme de protection sociale fournit le soutien le plus important au sein de deciles de revenu inferieurs en Irlande. Le fonctionnement redistributif du systeme d’imposition et de protection sociale a ete renforce dans la derniere decennie, non seulement car la crise a necessite plus de soutien du revenu, mais aussi en raison des taux d’imposition rendus plus accentues et progressifs. Ce Document de travail se rapporte a l’Etude economique de l’OCDE de Irlande 2015 (www.oecd.org/fr/eco/etudes/etude-economique-irlande.htm).","PeriodicalId":45826,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Social Review","volume":"47 1","pages":"109-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2015-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67574445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Searching for the Inclusive Growth Tax Grail: The Distributional Impact of Growth Enhancing Tax Reform in Ireland","authors":"B. O'Connor, Terence Hynes, David Haugh, P. Lenain","doi":"10.1787/5JRQC6VK3N30-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/5JRQC6VK3N30-EN","url":null,"abstract":"The economic literature suggests that a revenue-neutral shift of tax revenues from income taxes to property taxes would increase GDP per capita in the medium term. This paper analyses for Ireland the consequences of such a shift in the tax mix. In particular, it examines whether this can be carried out in a way that would neither undermine income distribution nor depress government revenue. Simulations using the ESRI tax-benefit model, SWITCH, suggest it is possible to achieve such a broadly revenue-neutral tax shift in a non-regressive way, while lowering marginal tax rates for most taxpayers. In particular, reductions in the Universal Social Charge would reduce marginal and average tax rates and have a positive impact for the income of most households. This could be funded by shifting the tax base toward residential properties, though this might have an adverse effect on income distribution, due to Ireland’s high rates of home ownership throughout the income distribution. The analysis shows that low income groups could be protected through the careful introduction of income-related supports, with revenue losses recovered through a more progressive property tax rate structure. Overall, the simulations show that a shift from labour to property tax can be pro-growth and pro-employment, without equity losses. The paper therefore suggests that tax reform can be inclusive.","PeriodicalId":45826,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Social Review","volume":"47 1","pages":"155-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2015-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67574108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How did Immigrants fare in the Irish Labour Market over the Great Recession","authors":"E. Kelly, S. McGuinness, P. O'Connell, Alberto González Pandiella, David Haugh","doi":"10.1787/5JM0V4F4R8KH-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/5JM0V4F4R8KH-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Much research has been undertaken to study the effects of the Great Recession on overall labour market dynamics, but less is known about the impact on immigrants and how it has evolved over the business cycle. Understanding how immigrants were affected is particularly important for Ireland given the important role migrants play in the labour market. This paper attempts to fill this gap by identifying the labour market impact of the Great Recession on immigrants compared to natives and how this relationship has evolved since the downturn. In particular, we compare both groups’ likelihood of being employed and their risk of unemployment pre (2006), at the start of (2008) and during the depth of the employment crisis (2010 and 2012), and as the economy begun to recover (2014). In our analyses, we separately identify the impact of the recession on immigrants who have gained Irish citizenship through naturalisation, from those that retained their country of birth nationality. The main findings of the paper are twofold: i) The employment penalty suffered by immigrant workers, relative to native workers, increased significantly over the Irish recession and subsequent recovery. Differences in labour market outcomes between immigrants and natives were accentuated by the recession, when the employment penalty was the highest. The penalty narrowed in the recovery, although it remains higher than before the crisis; ii) The more recent evolution of the employment penalty appears to be related to a composition effect, as many refugee immigrants with weak labour market attachment became naturalised citizens during the recession. This suggests that the difficulties that some immigrants experience in the labour market would be under-estimated without taking due account of naturalisation processes, as is done in this paper for the first time in Ireland.","PeriodicalId":45826,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Social Review","volume":"52 1","pages":"357-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2015-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67574216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ex vivo lung model to study bronchioles infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms","authors":"F. Harrison, S. Diggle","doi":"10.1101/063222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/063222","url":null,"abstract":"A key aim in microbiology is to determine the genetic and phenotypic bases of bacterial virulence, persistence and antimicrobial resistance in chronic biofilm infections. This requires tractable, high-throughput models that reflect the physical and chemical environment encountered in specific infection contexts. Such models will increase the predictive power of microbiological experiments and provide platforms for enhanced testing of novel antibacterial or antivirulence therapies. We present an optimised ex vivo model of cystic fibrosis lung infection: ex vivo culture of pig bronchiolar tissue in artificial cystic fibrosis mucus. We focus on the formation of biofilms by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We show highly repeatable and specific formation of biofilms that resemble clinical biofilms by a commonly-studied lab strain and ten cystic fibrosis isolates of this key opportunistic pathogen.","PeriodicalId":45826,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Social Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2014-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62323753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Criminal Justice Data and Policy","authors":"M. Rogan","doi":"10.21427/D79R2B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21427/D79R2B","url":null,"abstract":"Criminal justice policy in Ireland is often criticised for lacking a robust evidence base. Increased knowledge about crime and criminal justice may act to enrich all types of criminological enquiry and policy formation. This paper explores the potential of large population registries, similar to those created in the health sector, to inform criminal justice policymaking. The paper looks at the importance of such data collection for criminal justice research and policy and the potential hurdles to its development.","PeriodicalId":45826,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Social Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"303-323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68646579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making Globalisation Work – The 2006 Geary Lecture","authors":"J. Stiglitz","doi":"10.7916/D8X63XS3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7916/D8X63XS3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper was delivered as the Geary Lecture 2006 at the Burlington Hotel, Dublin, Ireland on 30 August. The Geary Lecture is organised each year in honour of Professor R. C. Geary (1896–1963) the first Director of The Economic and Social Research Institute and the most eminent Irish Statistician and Economist of the twentieth century. This lecture was organised in association with Penguin Books and The Irish Times.","PeriodicalId":45826,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Social Review","volume":"39 1","pages":"171-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71368317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}