Labor History最新文献

{"title":"From anti-imperialism to multiculturalism. (Post)-migrant media in postcolonial France","authors":"Christian Jacobs","doi":"10.1080/0023656X.2022.2148640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2022.2148640","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper analyzes how (post)-migrant media outlets discussed the position of (post)-migrant people in France. (Post)-migrant media are periodicals, radio stations, and other forms of media produced by (post)-migrant actors and addressed to them. I argue that changes in the Global Cold War order, French national politics, and social changes in French (post)-migrant communities fostered a transition from anti-imperialist to multicultural understandings of migration in the examined media. The paper shows how these changes affected the experiences and identities of (post)-migrant people and adds a global history perspective to existing explanations about generational change and national political developments. It tracks how (post)-migrant media offered a space to negotiate the position in France against the backdrop of global developments such as the Cold War, decolonization, the disillusion with postcolonial governments, and the rising human rights movement.","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":"64 1","pages":"373 - 386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44643007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coercive patriotism: gender, militarism, and auxiliary police in New York City during World War II","authors":"E. Brooks","doi":"10.1080/0023656x.2022.2147912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656x.2022.2147912","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article explores the formation and operation of an auxiliary police agency, the City Patrol Corps, created by Mayor Fiorello La Guardia in New York City during World War II. It mines the organization’s internal documents to argue that during the war New York City leaders coerced civilian men to serve in the auxiliary police force, which, in turn, exerted a coercive power over residents of the city. Both of these dynamics comprised part of a process of militarization and expanded criminalization in the city during the war, which was common in cities across the United States during these years, and which this article contends was justified through coercive patriotism. The article further explores the role of gender and race in informing New Yorkers’ motivations to join the City Patrol Corps, their experiences in the organization, and their perceptions of criminality and disorder. In the context of the war mobilization, city leaders argued that surveilling its streets and preventing crime and disorder was an essential component of the war effort. As La Guardia declared in 1940, ‘the maintenance of law and order in our large cities is one of the most important functions of our National Defense Program.’","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":"64 1","pages":"287 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48191449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Port Arthur’s post-probation labour gangs, 1856-1877: the aged and ailing remnants of the convict system or skilled and productive workers?","authors":"Nina Kathleen Roberts","doi":"10.1080/0023656x.2022.2147911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656x.2022.2147911","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47490392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘A female voice is instrumental’: gender, propaganda, and coerced labor on the Eastern Front, 1943-1945","authors":"Deborah Barton","doi":"10.1080/0023656X.2022.2146077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2022.2146077","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the role of local, female propagandists utilized by the German army on the Eastern Front during WWII. Although the work they undertook aligned with postwar notions of collaboration, the propagandists’ experiences at the hands of the Wehrmacht, in a context of a violent war and repressive occupation, constitutes coerced labour in multiple forms. Regardless of the women’s motivations for working for the Wehrmacht, they entered a relationship of domination and dependence with the occupation force. While female propagandists numbered far fewer than their male counterparts, they held a particular importance for German high command who believed that their “feminine” traits, such as empathy and charm, helped the Wehrmacht influence and control the largely female civilian population. At the same time, their work on the frontlines encouraging Red Army soldiers to defect crossed traditional gender boundaries. In this task too, the women were valued for their gender with German authorities believing that Soviet soldiers, largely deprived of female contact, would be particularly receptive to the charm of a woman’s voice. Such coerced labor on behalf of the Wehrmacht rendered these women vulnerable not only to German violence, but also to Soviet accusations of collaboration and its associated reprisals.","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":"64 1","pages":"304 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43721008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The revolutionary left in Comisiones Obreras: an introduction","authors":"Ernesto M. Díaz Macías, Eduardo Abad García, Jon Las Heras","doi":"10.1080/0023656X.2022.2152785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2022.2152785","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This text introduces the readers of Labor History to the set of articles that make up the special issue entitled ‘Radical projects in the Comisiones Obreras (1958–1991)’. Through this collective work we aspire to outline the global dynamics that the revolutionary left developed in relation to Comisiones Obreras (CCOO) first as a socio-political movement, and later as a trade union confederation. In this way, we offer a general context to better understand the actions carried out by the militants of these organizations. In view of their decisions, we have classified this phenomenon into three major phases that allow us to understand the forgotten history of alternative projects within the trade union. The main lesson of this special issue is that the various strategies did not follow the same historical transformations and yielded different outcomes.","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":"63 1","pages":"679 - 685"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48678721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unitary unionism in the transition: a general approach from Navarre","authors":"Imanol Satrustegi Andres","doi":"10.1080/0023656X.2022.2156990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2022.2156990","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Confederación de Sindicatos Unitarios de Trabajadores (CSUT, Confederation of Unitary Workers’ Unions) and Sindicato Unitario (SU, Unitary Union) were two unions promoted by the largest Maoists parties in the Spain of 1970s: Partido del Trabajo de España (PTE, Labor Party of Spain) and the Organizacion Revolucionaria de Trabajadores (ORT, Workers’ Revolutionary Organisation), respectively. Both trade unions, if they had been presented together, would have been the third trade union force in Spain during the Transition to democracy. The following text presents two parts: In the first, a general approach to unitary unionism is set out, in order to understand its emergence, development, difficulties and disappearance. Through this text we will try to understand the unitary and assembly-based proposal of CSUT and SU in its context, considering the dynamics of the labor movement in the previous years, the change of cycle of the struggle of the revolutionary left, the transformations that were taking place in labor relations and the labor movement in the late 1970s. In the second part, however, we will focus on a specific case, that of Navarre, the region where these unions obtained the best results.","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":"128 2","pages":"686 - 704"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41281467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unitarians and revolutionaries. The trade unionism of the MC and the LCR in CCOO","authors":"Ernesto M. Díaz Macías","doi":"10.1080/0023656X.2022.2152784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2022.2152784","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article aims to analyse the trade union trajectory of the Movimiento Comunista (MC) and of the Liga Comunista Revolucionaria (LCR) within the Comisiones Obreras (CCOO), the main workers’ organisation during the Transition. Both, the MC and the RCL actively participated in its construction, seeing the CCOO as the materialisation of the workers’ United Front (FU). Both organisations maintained relations within the CCOO for many years. These relations went through moments of collaboration and sympathy, moments of distancing and later moments of stable alliance against the Partido Comunista de España (PCE) inside of CCOO. From this alliance came the Izquierda Sindical (IS), a trade union platform which for many years brought together trade unionists from the two organisations until its absolute dissolution at the end of 1991. The history of their trade union intervention can help to better understand the history of these organisations, which are still in the process of being re-discovered by the academy.","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":"63 1","pages":"757 - 773"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41377206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The formation of Ezker Sindikalaren Konbergentzia: radical unitary unionism in the Basque Country and Navarre","authors":"Jon Las Heras, Ignacio Messina, Xabier Renteria-Uriarte","doi":"10.1080/0023656X.2022.2152783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2022.2152783","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The origin of the union ESK (Ezker Sindikalaren Konbergentzia) took place in the context of the Spanish Democratic Transition in the Basque Country and Navarre, when many radical unions and political parties emerged and disappeared. Its survival may help us trace better the effectiveness of union renewal strategies. Characterized by high conflict and mobilization rates at the company level, ESK militants sought to promote direct action and horizontal organizational structures standing at the opposite end of the model promoted by the new brand CCOO (Comisiones Obreras). The origin and development of ESK cannot be understood without the parallel analysis of the communist political party EMK (Euskadiko Mugimendu Komunista). ESK turned out to be the most effective and long-lasting materialization of EMK’s strategy of mass politics, and of what we conceive as a form of ‘integral militancy’ that is reflected in the immersion of union activists in ecologist, feminist, internationalist and anti-NATO struggles among others. EMK had a significant role in the promotion of unitary candidacies during the late 1970s and early 1980s, becoming the consolidation of a non-independentist non-centralized radical union model that continues to be referential among Basque struggles today.","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":"63 1","pages":"705 - 724"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49622438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A trade unionism of resistance: the dissidence of the orthodox communists in CCOO (1970-1989)","authors":"Eduardo Abad García","doi":"10.1080/0023656X.2022.2147154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2022.2147154","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Czechoslovak crisis of 1968 resulted in the birth of a new phenomenon within Spanish communism. The criticism of the USSR, together with the gradual ideological and tactical moderation of the Communist Party of Spain, provoked the irruption of an internal dissidence whose common nexus was to vindicate the orthodoxy of identity. They were misnamed ‘pro-Soviets’ for their support of socialist camp. A particularly workerist current which developed its repertoires of socialization within the Comisiones Obreras trade union in a preeminent way. This article analyzes the trajectory of their trade union action throughout the 1970s and 1980s. For this purpose, and based on oral and newspaper sources, we examine their ideas, representations and symbols within this important social movement.","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":"63 1","pages":"739 - 756"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46812079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A contracorriente. Las disidencias ortodoxas en el comunismo español (1968-1989)","authors":"Xavier María Ramos Díez-Astrain","doi":"10.1080/0023656X.2023.2186384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2023.2186384","url":null,"abstract":"Historical studies of the communist movement in Spain have recently experienced a remarkable boom. In the heat of the centenary of the founding (1921) of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE/ Partido Comunista de España), many works have appeared. In addition to synthesizing existing knowledge, these works explore moments and facets of the history of communism in Spain that until recently have been in the background, overshadowed by a largely political focus on certain periods (such as Francoism). The book under review A contracorriente. Las disidencias ortodoxas en el comunismo español (19681989) (Counterflow. Orthodox dissidence in Spanish communism), written by the young researcher Eduardo Abad from northern Spain’s University of Oviedo, is innovative in terms of the subject of study and its methodology. It is also somewhat original in regard to the time period it covers, which goes beyond the usual limit of the Spanish transition to democracy and extends to the collapse of real socialism (something that other recent works have also begun to do). With the exception of a few articles, the most recent books have not focused on the broad constellations of groups which, for various reasons, tried to form a political alternative. I am referring to the various formations that the press of the time grouped together under the label ‘pro-Soviet,’ a definition against which Abad rebels for several reasons that he sets out at length in the introduction. Before analyzing these oppositional groups, Abad informs us that the term pro-Soviet ‘is not adequate to encompass them’ because it undervalues their heterogeneity ‘cornering their identity under the appearance of a simple cliché’ (p. 38). Nor does Abad consider accurate the standard classification that divides pro-Soviets from ‘Leninists’. Abad’s bold break from the standard focus on the ‘official’ party of Spanish communism makes this a necessary work, one better placed to reveal the deeper rifts in Spain’s left political culture. Abad prefers to categorise this conglomerate of groups and parties as ‘orthodox.’ In doing so, Abad takes the baton from studies on political cultures and proposes the hypothesis that the substantial, unifying element of all these groups (born in different political situations, in reaction to different situations and with markedly different militant composition) was the claim to a traditional communist identity. This, from the dissidents’ point of view, was being betrayed by the course of the PCE under the authoritarian leadership of Santiago Carrillo (1960-1982). The orthodox identity would bring together political values, organizational formulations, and militant practices, as well as an insertion into the international communist movement whose main pole was Moscow. However, this would not be the main element, nor would it have the same importance in all cases, since some orthodox groups also took critical positions toward the","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":"63 1","pages":"790 - 792"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45986504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}