Labor History最新文献

{"title":"A contracorriente. Las disidencias ortodoxas en el comunismo español (1968-1989)","authors":"Xavier María Ramos Díez-Astrain","doi":"10.1080/0023656X.2023.2186384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2023.2186384","url":null,"abstract":"Historical studies of the communist movement in Spain have recently experienced a remarkable boom. In the heat of the centenary of the founding (1921) of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE/ Partido Comunista de España), many works have appeared. In addition to synthesizing existing knowledge, these works explore moments and facets of the history of communism in Spain that until recently have been in the background, overshadowed by a largely political focus on certain periods (such as Francoism). The book under review A contracorriente. Las disidencias ortodoxas en el comunismo español (19681989) (Counterflow. Orthodox dissidence in Spanish communism), written by the young researcher Eduardo Abad from northern Spain’s University of Oviedo, is innovative in terms of the subject of study and its methodology. It is also somewhat original in regard to the time period it covers, which goes beyond the usual limit of the Spanish transition to democracy and extends to the collapse of real socialism (something that other recent works have also begun to do). With the exception of a few articles, the most recent books have not focused on the broad constellations of groups which, for various reasons, tried to form a political alternative. I am referring to the various formations that the press of the time grouped together under the label ‘pro-Soviet,’ a definition against which Abad rebels for several reasons that he sets out at length in the introduction. Before analyzing these oppositional groups, Abad informs us that the term pro-Soviet ‘is not adequate to encompass them’ because it undervalues their heterogeneity ‘cornering their identity under the appearance of a simple cliché’ (p. 38). Nor does Abad consider accurate the standard classification that divides pro-Soviets from ‘Leninists’. Abad’s bold break from the standard focus on the ‘official’ party of Spanish communism makes this a necessary work, one better placed to reveal the deeper rifts in Spain’s left political culture. Abad prefers to categorise this conglomerate of groups and parties as ‘orthodox.’ In doing so, Abad takes the baton from studies on political cultures and proposes the hypothesis that the substantial, unifying element of all these groups (born in different political situations, in reaction to different situations and with markedly different militant composition) was the claim to a traditional communist identity. This, from the dissidents’ point of view, was being betrayed by the course of the PCE under the authoritarian leadership of Santiago Carrillo (1960-1982). The orthodox identity would bring together political values, organizational formulations, and militant practices, as well as an insertion into the international communist movement whose main pole was Moscow. However, this would not be the main element, nor would it have the same importance in all cases, since some orthodox groups also took critical positions toward the","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45986504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The question of trade union unity in CCOO: antinomies and paradoxes","authors":"Javier Tébar Hurtado, José Babiano Mora","doi":"10.1080/0023656X.2022.2156991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2022.2156991","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Trade union unity was a central idea around which the debate in the labor movement coalesced during the later stages of the Franco regime. The initial aim of this paper is to examine the positions and actions of the protagonists of the new workers’ movement, Comisiones Obreras, that emerged in the 1960s, and then to interpret its evolution from the following decade onwards. The aim is to identify the antinomies and paradoxes of the projects for the creation of a unitary trade union organization during the period. With the transition from dictatorship to democracy between 1975 and 1982, a plural model of trade union organization finally became consolidated in Spain.","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42590996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solidarity happens: Corriente Sindical de Izquierdas, radical trade unionism in democratic Asturias","authors":"Héctor González Pérez","doi":"10.1080/0023656X.2023.2173729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2023.2173729","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the aftermath of the Franco dictatorship, a pole of workers’ militancy was forged in the city of Gijón around a critical current of Comisiones Obreras, the main Spanish trade union, called the Corriente de Izquierdas (Left Current). This group of workers was the driving force behind some of the most important conflicts of the new democracy, including a strike of strict solidarity that lasted almost three months. Expelled from their union in 1982, the Corriente Sindical de Izquierdas became the main reference point for radical trade unionism in Asturias. Despite its small size and limited presence, for forty years it has been at the forefront of many of the most notorious and agonising conflicts against the deindustrialisation of the city and the region, with trade union methods characterised by their radicalism, but above all, by their strong commitment to solidarity. Such has been its trade union history that the organisation has earned a notable place in Asturian and even Spanish popular culture. Here we will review its evolution as a trade union and what have been the signs of identity that have made it possible for an admittedly small organisation to accumulate such remarkable social prominence and symbolic capital.","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41375463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the South Korean academic labor market and labor struggle","authors":"Kyung-Pil Kim","doi":"10.1080/0023656X.2022.2130214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2022.2130214","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the characteristics of and changes in the Korean academic labor market and labor struggle. The strategies of three agents (government, capital, and universities) and the resulting response of labor drive the evolution of the academic labor market, which can be analyzed based on market stratification, employment status (tenured vs non-tenured and full-time vs part-time), wage level, and availability of performance-based systems. The growth of Korean universities starting in the late 1970s, forcing universities to recruit larger numbers of low wage part-time lecturers and resulting in the segmentation of the academic labor market. Following the 1987 democratization movement, part-time lecturers established organizations that called for improvements in labor conditions, but few things changed. After the 1997 financial crisis, capital and the government implemented a neoliberal agenda and the government and universities made wages flexible, and the new category of non-tenured full-time faculty started to replace tenured full-time faculty, creating a three-tiered labor market. This aggravated the hardship that part-time lecturers had faced and drove them to engage in the labor struggle. The Korean example shows that the academic labor market emerges, evolves, and changes through strategic interaction and strife among the parties involved, and reminds us of the importance of workers’ organizational capabilities and counterstrategies.","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48145345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of digital economy on employment polarization: an analysis based on Chinese provincial panel data","authors":"Xuan Zhang, Feiyang Lin, Yue Wang, Mingliang Wang","doi":"10.1080/0023656X.2022.2133101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2022.2133101","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the digital economy era, researchers believe that the development of the digital economy has benefitted the labor market. However, by 2019, employment polarization was as high as 94.74% in China, and middle- and low-skilled workers faced severe employment challenges. Therefore, this study aims to explore the impact and mechanisms of the digital economy on employment polarization. To this end, data were collected from 30 Chinese provinces between 2014 and 2019. The results show that the digital economy’s development has intensified job market polarization. Technological innovation further intensifies the structural imbalances of the digital economy’s labor market, leading to employment polarization. However, the information effect and efficient government governance help alleviate the digital economy’s employment polarization. This study advances the focus on employment equity and opportunities for low-and middle-skilled employees.","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44199631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vietnamese indentured labourers: The intervention of the French colonial government in regulating the flow of Vietnamese labourers to the Pacific Islands in the early twentieth century","authors":"Nguyen Thi Trang","doi":"10.1080/0023656X.2022.2142541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2022.2142541","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study focuses on the penetration of sovereign power in regulating Vietnamese labour migration to the French colonies and Establishments in the Pacific Islands in the late 19th to mid-20th centuries. It argues that the French colonial authorities in Vietnam played an overt and directly intervening role in the labour migration system in their colonies, in contrast to the British approach, which was much more hands-off. First, this paper shows the interaction between the French colonial states to solve the labour shortage problem in the Pacific Islands under Metropolitan France’s regulations. Then, it provides a detailed account of how the French colonial government exercised its power over the inhabitants by organising, monitoring, and transforming Vietnamese migrants into docile subjects even when they were in other French colonies. Finally, this study points to some legacies of the colonial government’s migration policy for Vietnamese migrants in decolonisation. From there, it provides new insights into studying the relationship of the colonial state with migrant workers and adds more knowledge about Vietnamese indentured labourers under the domination of French colonialism.","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43692783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The post-indenture of Chi, New South Wales, Australia, 1857–1908","authors":"P. Gibson","doi":"10.1080/0023656X.2022.2103526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2022.2103526","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Post-indenture has largely been neglected in historical examinations of Chinese indentured labour in colonial contexts. We know little about what happened to workers after their contracts expired. Through the life of one Chinese man, Chi, and his small farming community in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Illawarra, New South Wales, Australia, I consider this issue. Drawing chiefly on church and other records usually used for research into local and family history, sources in which Chi’s voice is often audible, this paper highlights a continuity between indenture and post-indenture. Indeed, Chi’s ‘freedom’ after indenture was qualified. This indicates, I argue, that further attention to post-indenture could enable us to better understand indenture itself, as a system that may have endured well beyond the expiration of the labour contract. Concentrating on the individual and small community, I also contend, holds value in this respect, as a way of further exploring the continuity between the two states, and as a means of incrementally forming a fuller picture of post-indenture in its own right.","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42462686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skilled labour in colonial economies. Recruitment, education and employment in construction companies in German colonial West Africa, c. 1902–1912","authors":"Nina Kleinöder","doi":"10.1080/0023656X.2022.2133100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2022.2133100","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article offers new insights into the business-historical perspective of German colonial railway construction in West Africa. Two archival case studies of German colonial railroad construction in Cameroon and Togo reveal the relationship and character of training and work in specific colonial contexts at the turn of the century. The case studies demonstrate that skills on construction sites went beyond mere questions of unskilled manual work or education. This article argues that, from a business-historical perspective, not only was the general (mass) availability of unskilled labour power crucial to infrastructural projects in the former German colonies, but also that was a substantial element of skill involved, ranging from literacy to the (technical) pre- and initial training of workers and craftsmen. Moreover, firms struggled to retain (semi-)skilled workers on construction sites for longer periods.","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43976008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing strikes and racial issues in the South China Morning Post","authors":"Yizheng Zou","doi":"10.1080/0023656X.2022.2130215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2022.2130215","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aims to reveal the labor–management conflicts within the South China Morning Post (SCMP) in the early 20th century, which resulted in complex social turmoil. As a result of decreasing racial discrimination and the provision of a fair working environment, SCMP striking workers, during the company’s developmental period, became its stakeholders and protectors until the Japanese takeover of the newspaper. During the Great Strike of 1925–1926, Chinese workers unexpectedly supported the company, which not only survived the crisis but also helped stabilize the British colony of Hong Kong. Additionally, a series of solutions for Chinese workers and the SCMP’s management were proposed to promote the growth and development of Chinese media personnel, form a stable company management and organizational structure, and make the SCMP a commercial success. This success was also aimed at ensuring the newspaper played a role in the status, influence, and social identity of Hong Kong Chinese people, and the development of Hong Kong society. The study also examines how the English-language media became powerful and contributed to the rise of the status and influence of Chinese leadership in Hong Kong society.","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47026567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Labour relations in the online ride-hailing industry: evidence from China","authors":"Xiaotao Li, Richel L. Lamadrid, Li Zhou","doi":"10.1080/0023656X.2022.2139362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2022.2139362","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new business model for ride-hailing was born due to the sharing economy. With the rapid development of the ride-hailing market, labour relations in the ride-hailing industry revealed numerous issues that need to be addressed immediately. With China as the context, this study seeks to answer four questions: How can labour rights be promoted and protected in the ride-hailing industry? How can labour remuneration be balanced? How can workers be safeguarded? How can labour disputes be avoided? Over 20 drivers from the online ride-hailing industry in China were interviewed for the study’s primary data. This information is processed using the grounded theory to produce a novel ‘Harmonious Labour Relations’ model (also known as the ‘HLR’ model or the ‘RRSD’ model). The model provides an explanatory framework to understand labour rights and interests, labour compensation, labour safety, and labour disputes in the online ride-hailing industry. Our findings offer significant implications for the government’s effort to regulate the ride-hailing market and manage ride-hailing businesses. Furthermore, our study paves the way for future research on labour and industrial relations in the global ride-hailing industry.","PeriodicalId":45777,"journal":{"name":"Labor History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45063173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}