Equilibrium-Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy最新文献_第10页

Monopolistic Markups In The Polish Food Sector 波兰食品行业的垄断加价

IF 5.7

Equilibrium-Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy Pub Date : 2017-03-31 DOI: 10.24136/EQ.V12I1.8

Justyna Kufel-Gajda

{"title":"Monopolistic Markups In The Polish Food Sector","authors":"Justyna Kufel-Gajda","doi":"10.24136/EQ.V12I1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24136/EQ.V12I1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Research background: Research background: Agro-food sectors are commonly considered as highly regulated, traditional and of strategic importance, mainly due to the food security issues. Changes in the related market structures are subject of constant interest because of their importance for competition and economic welfare of food producers and consumers. In Poland, a rising concentration among various branches of the food industry can be observed. Unfortunately, there is a lack of studies regarding the level of actually exerted market power. Purpose of the article: The main objective of the article was to depict the changes of the market power execution in the Polish food sector and its branches in the period 2002–2013. Methods: As a measure of market power, markups of price above the marginal cost were applied and for their estimation two methods were used, namely the Roeger method involving primal and dual Solow residuals and the method based on the marginal cost of labor. Yearly data from F-01 financial statements regarding 32 food sector branches and various accounting categories were used in the calculations. Findings & Value added: It was found that in the analyzed period the markup over marginal cost on average amounted to 9.75%, and it was increasing over time. The labor input category seemed to be not sufficient for the markup calculation. The evolution of the monopolistic power in the Polish food sector appears to be associated not only with the business cycle, but also with the sector developments accelerated by the accession to the EU. Moreover, the differences in results for the branches indicate a considerable heterogeneity in the Polish food industry companies pricing practices. The research constitutes the first trial of the measurement of both the Roeger markups in the Polish food sector branches and the labor markups changes in the Polish food sector.","PeriodicalId":45768,"journal":{"name":"Equilibrium-Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44576508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

INTANGIBLE INVESTMENTS AT MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES’ MANUFACTURING SUBSIDIARIES: DO THEY PROMOTE INNOVATION-BASED UPGRADING? 跨国公司制造业子公司的无形投资：它们是否促进了基于创新的升级？

IF 5.7

Equilibrium-Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy Pub Date : 2017-03-31 DOI: 10.24136/EQ.V12I1.4

A. Szalavetz

{"title":"INTANGIBLE INVESTMENTS AT MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES’ MANUFACTURING SUBSIDIARIES: DO THEY PROMOTE INNOVATION-BASED UPGRADING?","authors":"A. Szalavetz","doi":"10.24136/EQ.V12I1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24136/EQ.V12I1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Research background: Despite a widely acknowledged importance of intangible capital as the main driver of value creation, papers discussing corporate intangible investments tend to focus only on multinational companies, i.e. on headquarters (HQ). There are few papers scrutinising the specific attributes of intangible investments at manufacturing subsidiary level. This is, however, an important topic to investigate, since intangible investments can boost subsidiary upgrading. Intangible investments contribute to subsidiaries’ acquiring capabilities that allow them to enhance the scope of their responsibilities and specialise in increasingly high-value activities. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the features of intangible investment at MNCs’ manufacturing subsidiaries, on the example of Hungary. Research questions ad-dressed are as follows. a) What exactly do local manufacturing subsidiaries invest in, when they implement intangible investments? b) Is there a difference between the role of intangible investments at MNC level and at manufacturing subsidiary level? c) What is the association between subsidiary-level intangible investments and upgrading? Methodology: We analyse a sample of 44 manufacturing subsidiaries in the Hungarian automotive and electronics industries. We carry out a qualitative content analysis of sample companies’ notes to their financial statements, complemented with other sources of corporate information. Findings: We find that intangible investments are aligned with subsidiaries’ functional specialisation: with operations. Their main role is to contribute to subsidiaries’ absorption of the headquarters’ technology transfer and enhance the productivity of the local core activities. This is sharply different from their traditional, MNC-level role: support to non-price competitiveness. We find support for the argument that subsidiary-level intangible investments and subsidiary upgrading are associated in a self-reinforcing virtuous circle.","PeriodicalId":45768,"journal":{"name":"Equilibrium-Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49571849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

SOCIAL CONVERGENCE IN NORDIC COUNTRIES AT REGIONAL LEVEL 北欧国家在区域层面的社会趋同

IF 5.7

Equilibrium-Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy Pub Date : 2017-03-31 DOI: 10.24136/EQ.V12I1.2

M. Kuć

{"title":"SOCIAL CONVERGENCE IN NORDIC COUNTRIES AT REGIONAL LEVEL","authors":"M. Kuć","doi":"10.24136/EQ.V12I1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24136/EQ.V12I1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Research background: Geographical proximity, common historical roots and collaboration within the Nordic Council cause the Nordic countries to be often wrongly treated as mono-liths. However, in reality, Nordic regions differ in terms of broadly defined social and eco-nomic development. Issues concerning the standard of living are one of the priorities of the Helsinki Treaty signed by Nordic countries. Purpose of the article: The main goal of this paper is to analyze the existence of the social convergence in the Nordic NUTS-3 regions over the 2000-2015 period. The social conver-gence refers to a reduction in the dispersion of the standard of living across regions. The results of this analysis may be helpful in evaluating the efficiency of the activities under third and fourth Nordic Strategy for Sustainable Development. Methods: The spatial taxonomic measure of development proposed by Pietrzak was used as the standard of living approximation. Inclusion of spatial relationships in the construction of taxonomic measure of development is justified as regions are not isolated in space and can be affected by other units. The existence of beta-, sigma- and gamma convergence was tested for global spatial aggregate measure and as well for sub-groups of determinants forming the standard of living. Findings & Value added: The analysis showed that the regions with the highest standard of living are those situated on the west coast of Norway. Regions with the lowest standard of living were the ones located in central Finland. However, the most important part of this research was to investigate the existence of beta-, sigma- and gamma- social convergence. The results show that there is no convergence for global standard of living measure. However, the convergence occurs in groups of determinants of education and health care.","PeriodicalId":45768,"journal":{"name":"Equilibrium-Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48397313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Estimating inequality aversion from subjective assessments of the just noticeable differences in welfare 从对福利显著差异的主观评估中估计对不平等的厌恶

IF 5.7

Equilibrium-Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy Pub Date : 2017-03-31 DOI: 10.24136/EQ.V12I1.7

S. Kot

{"title":"Estimating inequality aversion from subjective assessments of the just noticeable differences in welfare","authors":"S. Kot","doi":"10.24136/EQ.V12I1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24136/EQ.V12I1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Research background: In Economics, the concept of inequality aversion corresponds with the concept of risk aversion in the literature on making decision under uncertainty. The risk aversion is estimated on the basis of subjective reactions of people to various lottery prospects. In Economics, however, an efficient method of estimating inequality aversion has not been developed yet. Purpose of the article: The main aim of this paper is to develop the method of estimating inequality aversion. Methods: The method is based on two income thresholds which are subjectively assessed by surveyed respondents. Given the level of household income, just noticeable worsening of household welfare is perceived below the first threshold, whereas just noticeable improvement of household welfare is perceived above the second threshold. The thresholds make possible effective calculations of the parameter of the Arrow-Pratt’s constant inequality aversion utility function. In this way, an individual utility of income becomes an empirically observable economic phenomenon. Findings & Value added: In this paper, two theorems are proved which provide the guidance on how to identify a proper version of the above function. The proposed method is tested on the basis of statistical data from the archival survey conducted among Polish households in 1999. The statistical analysis of those data reveals the appearance of convex utility functions as well as concave ones. Nevertheless, the prevailing part of the Polish society exhibited inequality aversion in the year 1999. Another result of this paper is that inequality aversion diminishes as income increases.","PeriodicalId":45768,"journal":{"name":"Equilibrium-Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46740919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

ALLOCATING TAX REVENUE TO SUB-CENTRAL GOVERNMENT LEVELS: LESSONS FROM GERMANY AND POLAND 将税收分配给地方政府:来自德国和波兰的经验

IF 5.7

Equilibrium-Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy Pub Date : 2016-12-28 DOI: 10.12775/EQUIL.2016.031

M. Hybka

引用次数: 2

IMPACT OF A MODIFIED HP FILTER ON COUNTERCYCLICAL BEHAVIOR OF THE SWISS FISCAL RULE 改进HP过滤器对瑞士财政规则反周期行为的影响

IF 5.7

Equilibrium-Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy Pub Date : 2016-12-28 DOI: 10.12775/EQUIL.2016.029

A. Pigoń, M. Ramsza

引用次数: 1

FISCAL COUNCILS AS AN ELEMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF FISCAL GOVERNANCE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES 财政委员会作为欧盟成员国财政治理概念的一个组成部分

IF 5.7

Equilibrium-Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy Pub Date : 2016-12-28 DOI: 10.12775/EQUIL.2016.030

R. Dziemianowicz, Aneta Kargol-Wasiluk, Renata Budlewska

{"title":"FISCAL COUNCILS AS AN ELEMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF FISCAL GOVERNANCE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES","authors":"R. Dziemianowicz, Aneta Kargol-Wasiluk, Renata Budlewska","doi":"10.12775/EQUIL.2016.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/EQUIL.2016.030","url":null,"abstract":"Fiscal governance is defined as a combination of institutions, rules and norms that structure good governance in the area of fiscal policy. It can be named as the specific mechanism of coordination by using of tools such as: budgetary procedures (legislative fiscal rules), fiscal rules (numerical) and independent fiscal institutions/ fiscal councils. Fiscal governance focuses on how the fiscal policy is planned, approved, conducted and monitored, including the involvement of not only public bodies, but the business sector and civil society too. In this study, particular attention was paid to capturing the essence of the relationship between the qualitative elements of fiscal councils activity and its impact on stabilizing the public finances in the view of fiscal governance concept. During the last world crisis in the EU countries, an interest in establishing fiscal councils has increased. Before 2008 there were only seven institutions in the EU, while in 2014 there are already 19. The question is - are these institutions efficient in stabilizing public finances? Therefore, the main objective of the article is the assessment of the role of the fiscal councils in the coordination of the fiscal policy in the EU Member States. The conducted analysis verifies this role on the basis of theoretical deliberation of the current state of the art. The empirical research verifies fiscal councils’ dependence on fiscal balance of EU countries. Research was conducted on the basis of the European Commission, Eurostat and International Monetary Fund data sets.","PeriodicalId":45768,"journal":{"name":"Equilibrium-Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2016-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66581806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Systems of general grants for local governments in selected EU countries against the background of the general theory of fiscal policy 财政政策一般理论背景下的欧盟部分国家地方政府一般拨款制度研究

IF 5.7

Equilibrium-Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy Pub Date : 2016-12-28 DOI: 10.12775/EQUIL.2016.032

Alicja Sekuła, Joanna Śmiechowicz

{"title":"Systems of general grants for local governments in selected EU countries against the background of the general theory of fiscal policy","authors":"Alicja Sekuła, Joanna Śmiechowicz","doi":"10.12775/EQUIL.2016.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/EQUIL.2016.032","url":null,"abstract":"Fiscal policy, including its expenditure aspect, is often discussed and analysed from a variety of angles in the literature on public finances, undoubtedly due to the major importance of this topic. However, not all areas of the expenditure part of fiscal policy have been subjected to in-depth analysis. One of the less discussed tools of fiscal policy consists of general purpose transfers, which are a certain type of expenditure passed from the central budget to local governments. This study focuses on presenting the systems for subsidising sub-national governments in selected European countries and evaluating, based on a synthetic measure, the fiscal policies of France, Italy, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Poland and Finland implemented by means of general transfers, with the aim of identifying the best fiscal policy with respect to subsidising and the characteristic features determining its success. The method of unitisation of statistical feature values was employed in this study to enable comparative analysis. As suggested by the results of the analysis, spanning the years 2003–2012, the highest-ranked fiscal policy implemented via general-purpose transfers has been developed in the Netherlands.","PeriodicalId":45768,"journal":{"name":"Equilibrium-Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2016-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66581566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

PROACTIVENESS, COMPETITIVE AGGRESSIVENESS AND AUTONOMY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY FROM THE CZECH REPUBLIC 主动性、竞争进取性与自主性:捷克共和国的比较研究

IF 5.7

Equilibrium-Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy Pub Date : 2016-09-30 DOI: 10.12775/EQUIL.2016.028

A. F. M. Moshiur Rahman, M. Civelek, Ľudmila Kozubíková

引用次数: 15

THE EVALUATION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INDEX OF POLAND AND LITHUANIA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION 欧盟背景下波兰和立陶宛经济发展指数评价

IF 5.7

Equilibrium-Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy Pub Date : 2016-09-30 DOI: 10.12775/EQUIL.2016.020

J. Čiburienė

引用次数: 3