Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia最新文献_第5页

From Ore to Metal:Exploitation of the Novotemirsky Mine, Southern Trans-Urals, in the Second Millennium BC 从矿石到金属:南乌拉尔山脉Novotemirsky矿的开采，公元前2000年

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Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.030-038

P. Ankusheva, I. Alaeva, M. Ankushev, A. Fomichev, E. Zazovskaya, I. Blinov

{"title":"From Ore to Metal:Exploitation of the Novotemirsky Mine, Southern Trans-Urals, in the Second Millennium BC","authors":"P. Ankusheva, I. Alaeva, M. Ankushev, A. Fomichev, E. Zazovskaya, I. Blinov","doi":"10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.030-038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.030-038","url":null,"abstract":"The Novotemirsky mine was the first in the Southeastern Urals to have large areas of the site uncovered. This has yielded new information on the technologies practiced by the first metallurgists in the region and on the evolution of these practices in the second millennium BC. Cultural layers revealed evidence of all stages of Bronze Age metal production. Mining is documented by pits of various forms and adjoining waste dumps. This is the first time that shaft mining has been discovered in the Bronze Age of the Southern Trans-Urals. Metal smelting is evidenced by a copper- smelting furnace with slag. Metal tools were cast in bivalve molds, of which one, made of chloritolite, was used for casting pickaxes. Results of radiocarbon AMS dating indicate three stages of mine exploitation in the Bronze Age, correlating with the chronological sequence of regional cultures. The furnace was built during the Sintashta period (2100–1900 BC). The shaft mine and the adjacent dumps date to the Alakul period (1700–1500 BC). Features dating to the Final Bronze Age (1500–1200 BC) have yet to be identified. It has been demonstrated that the same mines were exploited by people associated with various archaeological cultures in the second millennium BC, implying that a metallurgical center functioned in the Trans-Urals over the entire Late Bronze Age. Given that indicators of metallurgy are quite rare at unfortified sites, and that the technology changed, it can be assumed that smelting and casting became more specialized during the Alakul period: certain operations were performed at mines and/or nearby settlements.","PeriodicalId":45750,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia","volume":"1 1","pages":"30-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91302852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

On a Distinctive Featureof the Andronovo (Fedorovka) Funerary Rites in the Baraba Forest-Steppe 论巴拉巴森林草原安德罗诺沃人(费多罗夫卡人)丧葬仪式的一个特点

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Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.039-052

V. Molodin, M. S. Nesterova, L. S. Kobeleva

{"title":"On a Distinctive Featureof the Andronovo (Fedorovka) Funerary Rites in the Baraba Forest-Steppe","authors":"V. Molodin, M. S. Nesterova, L. S. Kobeleva","doi":"10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.039-052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.039-052","url":null,"abstract":"This article summarizes the findings relating to a spatially localized group of graves at the Andronovo (Fedorovka) cemetery Tartas-1 in the Baraba forest-steppe. Several rows of graves combine with ash pits suggestive of ritual activity. In the infill of graves, there were ash lenses with mammal and fish bones, and potsherds with traces showing the signs of applied heat. Ash had been taken from nearby ash pits with similar infill and artifacts. Faunal remains from graves and ash pits (limb bones of cattle, sheep/goat, and horse) indicate sacrificial offerings. In the ash layer of grave No. 282, there was an incomplete human burial, also believed to be a sacrifice. Features such as the orientation of the graves, their alignment, the position of human remains, and the grave goods in that area are similar to the Andronovo (Fedorovka) burial practice and do not differ from those in other parts of the cemetery. No complete parallels to this rite have been revealed. Some similarities, such as the use of ash, and the presence of animal bones, sacrificial pits, etc. at other sites are listed. A reconstruction of the funerary sequence and possible interpretations are considered. It is concluded that those graves were left by a group of Andronovo migrants who maintained close ties with the native population. Unusual features of the burial rite, therefore, can reflect an attempt to consolidate the immigrant groups on the basis of traditional ritual practices, where the major role was played by fire and its symbols.","PeriodicalId":45750,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia","volume":"34 1","pages":"39-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86390835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution of the Lithic Industry in Central Dagestan During the Early Pleistocene: The Rising Occurrence of Flake Blanks 达吉斯坦中部早更新世时期的石器工业演化:片状坯的增加

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Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.003-008

H. Amirkhanov

引用次数: 0

A Method for Attributing Non-Refitting Fragments to a Single Artifact: The Case of Bronze Age Flat Figurines 一种将非修复碎片归为单一人工制品的方法:以青铜时代扁平雕像为例

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Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.053-059

K. Kolobova, P. Chistyakov, N. Basova, A. V. Postnov, L. Zotkina

引用次数: 0

New Evidence of the Late Neopleistocene Peopling of the Lower Ob Valley 下鄂毕谷晚新新世人类活动的新证据

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Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.009-020

I. Zolnikov, A. Anoikin, E. Filatov, A. Vybornov, A. V. Vasiliev, A. V. Postnov, L. Zotkina

{"title":"New Evidence of the Late Neopleistocene Peopling of the Lower Ob Valley","authors":"I. Zolnikov, A. Anoikin, E. Filatov, A. Vybornov, A. V. Vasiliev, A. V. Postnov, L. Zotkina","doi":"10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.009-020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.009-020","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the early human occupation of the arctic part of the West Siberian Plain and introduces the finds at the Paleolithic site Kushevat (Shuryshkarsky District, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), discovered in 2020. Geological and geomorphological characteristics of the Lower Ob region are provided, the chronology of the key Middle and Late Neopleistocene sequences is assessed, and criteria underlying the search for Paleolithic sites in the area are outlined. We describe the discovery and excavations at Kushevat, its stratigraphy and its faunal remains. On the basis of correlation with neighboring key Late Neopleistocene sections with a representative series of absolute dates, the age of the site is estimated at cal 50–35 ka BP. Results of a traceological study of a possibly human-modified reindeer antler are provided. Findings at Kushevat and the available information on the early peopling of northern Eurasia suggest that the boundary of the inhabited part of that region must be shifted ~200 km to the north. The Ob, therefore, is one of the last major Siberian rivers where traces of the Early Upper Paleolithic culture have been found. The discovery of a stratified site in its lower stretch is a milestone in the Paleolithic studies in the region. A large area over which faunal remains are distributed, and the presence of lithics among the surface finds, suggest that Kushevat is a highly prospective site for future archaeological studies of the early stages in the human peopling of the region.","PeriodicalId":45750,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia","volume":"34 1","pages":"9-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85089017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Evenki Reindeer Riding Saddle: Certain Principles of Mobility in the Taiga 埃文基驯鹿骑鞍:在针叶林中移动的某些原则

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Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.116-125

A. Sirina

引用次数: 0

Unfortified Settlements of the Cheptsa Culture (9th–13th Centuries): Ambiguity of Interpretation and Delimitation of Boundaries 切普察文化的未设防定居点(9 - 13世纪):解释的模糊性和边界的划定

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Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.085-093

I. Zhurbin

{"title":"Unfortified Settlements of the Cheptsa Culture (9th–13th Centuries): Ambiguity of Interpretation and Delimitation of Boundaries","authors":"I. Zhurbin","doi":"10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.085-093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.085-093","url":null,"abstract":"Unfortified rural settlements have traditionally been detected by the presence of surface finds in tilled soil or of a cultural layer in test pits, by the conformity of the area to known landscape features, and by the absence of salient signs of defensive structures. The totality of these parameters is not always an unambiguous indicator of an unfortified settlement. Owing to intense tillage in the late 20th century, affecting many sites in Central Russia and the western Urals, their outward features have been obliterated, and erosion has resulted in a gradual displacement of habitation deposits from watersheds and slopes to negative landforms. Given these destructions and the resulting unreliability of traditional archaeological criteria, the most efficient way of revealing unfortified settlements, delineating their boundaries, and tentatively reconstructing their layouts, is to use multidisciplinary approach. This study focuses on medieval unfortified settlements in northern Udmurtia—Nizhnebogatyrskoye I, and Kushmanskoye II and III. Their outward features are virtually identical. They were explored using geophysical prospection, soil drilling, and archaeological excavations. On the basis of the results, types of settlement were reliably determined and boundaries of cultural layer were delimited. In all cases, preliminary interpretations were rejected. Kushmanskoye III is shown to be a fortified settlement, and Kushmanskoye II is likely to have been a medieval economic development zone without any structures. In the case of Nizhnebogatyrskoye I, its previously determined boundaries, deduced from the distribution area of finds and landscape features, were substantially corrected.","PeriodicalId":45750,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia","volume":"5 1","pages":"86-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74897438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

On Early Medieval Contacts of the Urals and Western Siberia with Central Asia: The Evidence of Ceramics 中世纪早期乌拉尔和西西伯利亚与中亚的联系:陶瓷的证据

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Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.068-077

N. Matveeva

{"title":"On Early Medieval Contacts of the Urals and Western Siberia with Central Asia: The Evidence of Ceramics","authors":"N. Matveeva","doi":"10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.068-077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.068-077","url":null,"abstract":"The study focuses on the Kushnarenkovo-type ceramics from sites in the Cis-Urals and those from sites of the Bakalskaya culture in Western Siberia (300–800 AD). This type was first described in the 1960s as an indicator of major migrations relating to Magyar origins. The analysis of forms, technology, and decoration makes it possible to identify imported ware from local replicas of the Aral ceramics. Certain vessels from the Dzhetyasar cemeteries Altynasar-4, Bedaikasar-2, Kosasar-2 and -3, and Tompakasar, owned by museums, can be attributed to the Bakalskaya culture, whereas others were prototypes for replicas manufactured in the forest-steppe zone. The statistical analysis of the burial rite of contemporaneous Uralian and Western Siberian cultures reveals no features correlating with Kushnarenkovo vessels. These facts, along with the analysis of decorated utensils, coins, prestigious ornaments, and belt sets, evidence intense caravan trade between the Urals, Western Siberia, and Kazakhstan. Rather than an indicator of a specific culture, then, the Kushnarenkovo ceramics indicate a subculture of upper social strata, served by itinerant craftsmen or by manufacturers at trade factories.","PeriodicalId":45750,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia","volume":"10 1","pages":"68-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79176482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Composite Belt Ornaments with Bear Claw Pieces in Medieval Men’s Costume of the Perm Region, Western Urals 乌拉尔西部彼尔姆地区中世纪男子服饰中熊爪片复合带饰

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Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.078-084

N. Krylasova, A. Danich

引用次数: 0

Cruciform Signs Decorating Paleolithic Bone Artifacts from Cherno-Ozerye II, the Middle Irtysh Area 中额尔齐斯河地区Cherno-Ozerye II的旧石器时代骨制品上的十字形标志

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Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.021-029

A. Schmidt

引用次数: 0