Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Factors Influencing Adherence to Anti-Hypertensive Medication Regimens in Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Analysis at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar","authors":"Ashfaq Ali, Sulaiman Khan, . Anees, Tariq Hassan, Farah Mufty","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.991","url":null,"abstract":"Adherence to anti-hypertensive medication among diabetic patients is of paramount importance. Objective: To delve deeper into the influential factors that dictate this adherence behavior, thereby leading to improved healthcare outcomes. Methods: A structured questionnaire grounded on the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) was employed to gather data from a sample of 301 diabetic patients diagnosed with hypertension at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Parameters such as demographic characteristics, duration of diabetes, and patients' adherence to medication were meticulously recorded and analyzed. Statistical tests such as Chi-square and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: The study results brought forth that demographic factors like age and gender, coupled with patients' perceptions of their medication, significantly influenced their adherence to anti-hypertensive medication. The study discovered that females were 1.3 times more prone to forget to take their medication relative to males. Furthermore, patients aged below 50 were twice as inclined to discontinue medication when they felt their condition improved. Of particular note, those patients who nurtured misconceptions about the effectiveness and necessity of their medication showed a 1.8 times higher propensity of displaying poor medication adherence. Conclusions: The study underscores the importance of implementing individualized interventions aimed at enhancing medication adherence, especially focusing on female patients, younger patients, and those harboring misconceptions about their medication regimen.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemicals and Therapeutic Potential of Pomegranate","authors":"Madiha Khan Niazi, Muhammad Usama Maooz Awan, Tahira Fatima, Adeela Hameed, Zuha Sohail, Sahar Imran, Talha Noor, Farooq Hassan, Muhammad Amjed Ismail, Zeerak Aamir","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1010","url":null,"abstract":"A significant source of polyphenolic chemicals is the pomegranate (Punica granatum). Due to the several pharmacological functions attributed to its phytochemicals, it has been gaining importance. An extensive list of the phytoconstituents present in pomegranate fruits, peel, blossoms, and seeds as well as their pharmacological actions were the goals of this in-depth analysis. The flavonoids and tannins (gallotannin and ellagitannin), which are the active phytochemicals in pomegranate extract, are what give it its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, and anti-aging qualities. Pomegranate bioactive components are used industrially to create foods with additional value. Wide-ranging applications for its reducing properties in the creation of nano formulations. Its phytoconstituents may play a safer role in managing environmental contamination than the use of pesticides or other chemicals. The numerous human clinical investigations assessing its pharmacological importance have received special attention.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Health Security","authors":"Riffat Mehboob","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1060","url":null,"abstract":"To reduce the risk and effect of sudden incidents of public health that put people at risk across national and international boundaries, it is necessary to take both preventive and reactive measures. These measures are referred to as global health security. Discussions on health security in scientific gatherings have become more prevalent in recent years after the Covid pandemic. Health security is for the whole world, irrespective of age, race, gender, or financial stability. However, it has been noted that there are many different concepts of health security, that the whole purpose of this is to accommodate only the upper-class societies. The disturbed equilibrium of the microbial world due to rapid urbanization, population increase, environmental deterioration, and the improper use of antimicrobials makes people realize the importance of health security that requires a collaborative approach focused on preparedness for any future pandemics and equal access to health care products. 
 The covid-19 pandemic has had a great influence on people’s lives and their ability to think. Now the main race is not about defence systems; it has shifted towards more and better health security and the ability to deal with any future pandemics. The coronavirus outbreak was associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak in 2012, the swine flu pandemic in 2009, and the West African Ebola virus disease epidemic in 2013–2016. All these epidemics are primarily caused by the significant travel of infected people across borders. This highlights the need for global health security, which helps coordinate surveillance and policymaking. This limits disease transmission and reduces the damage.
 While infectious diseases have no limits, inadequate health systems in poor nations make them worse and more out of control. Africa and other third-world states face many problems in securing global security. The spread of infectious diseases among susceptible areas is due to inadequate public healthcare fundings, vaccine coverage, poverty, armed conflict, and climate-related disasters, which damage developing countries. This only serves to increase susceptibility to the disease. The continuous transmission of polio and measles in different parts of Africa and Asia, as well as recent Ebola outbreaks in West Africa, highlights the need to overcome this in order to stop the spread of diseases to other areas. No nation can be completely protected from the spread of diseases due to a lack of social services and a strong health infrastructure; hence, global security demands global equality and progress towards health for everyone. 
 To advance global health security in all nations, there is a need for multi-stakeholders and governance, justifiable finance through the proposed pandemic funds, and common goods for health. Future outbreaks can be efficiently managed by funding basic healthcare and enhancing the res","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness about Breast self-examination among Nursing Students","authors":"Khawer Saeeda, Kishwar Ilyas, Rubina Yasmin, Nabeela Rani, Irshad Lal Din","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1028","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is an invasive tumor which mainly affect females and it has high mortality rate in developing countries due to lack of awareness and late diagnosis. The early diagnosis of breast cancer is not as much dangerous. The tools to detect breast cancer include mammography, breast self- examination (BSE) and fine needle aspiration cytology. The studies conducted shows the lack of perception about knowledge, attitude and practice about BSE. Objective: To determine the perception of BSE among nursing students. Methods: It was observational descriptive study conducted at College of Nursing DHQ Hospital Narowal. 174 nursing students between age 19 to 30 were enrolled in the study. A self-structured questionnaire was used which includes information about demographic data, knowledge, attitude and practice regarding BSE. Data were analyzed by using IBM- SPSS V-23. Results: The level of knowledge among nursing students about BSE was high and most of them know the accurate way of conducting BSE. The attitude of nursing students about BSE was positive. Most of them were agreed about the regular BSE. The practice about BSE shows mixed responses. Conclusions: In conclusion we can say that knowledge about BSE among nurses is good. However students seem to be unaware of the frequency and time of practicing BSE. This indicates the importance of conducting workshops to enhance perception about BSE.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Visual, Auditory and Kinesthetic Style of Learning among Undergraduate Nursing Students of Sindh","authors":"Lubna Soomro, Muhammad Ali, Firdous Sohu, Mir Ghulam Mustafa, Muhammad Ibrahim Ansari","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.976","url":null,"abstract":"Learning styles refer to the ability of learner to perceive and process information in learning framework. Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic are modes by which students use three sensory perceptions to receive information. Objective: To assess visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning style among nursing students. Methods: Cross sectional study among students of diploma in general nursing, of nursing schools of Jacobabad and Jamshoro- conducted during May- October 2017 with sample size of 88 via simple random sampling. After the approval, the data were collected from the concerned school with their permission. Data were entered into SPSS 23.0 version in which frequency, percentages were generated and chi square were applied. Results: Eighty-eight participated in among them 52(59.1%) were from SON-LUH (Female) Jamshoro and 36(40.9%) were from SON (Male) Jacobabad. Most of the students were from 2nd and 3rd year 34(38.6%) and 36(40.9%). Auditory style of learning was at the highest among male students 36.12% whereas females were at the highest in visual style of learning 34.62%. Forty years students learnt at the highest in visual and kinesthetic style of learning 3311%. Conclusions: Undergraduate nursing students of both gender & academic years were equally inclined towards all learning styles.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunophenotyping of Acute Leukemia in Pediatric Patients: Tertiary Care Centre Experience from Lahore","authors":"Farhana Shahzad, Umaira Ahsan, Aqsa Anam","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1012","url":null,"abstract":"Acute Leukemia is the most prevalent malignancy of childhood, globally. Immunophenotyping by flowcytometry has developed as an important technique for its outstanding contributions in diagnosis and management of leukemia patients. Objective: To determine the frequency and immunophenotyping by flowcytometry of Acute leukemia in pediatric age group. Methods: The study was conducted at The University of Child health sciences and Children’s Hospital, Lahore from July-2021 to Feb-2022. Data were gathered from 101 consecutive patients, of age from 0.5 to 15 years, that had acute leukemia immunophenotyping using flowcytometry. Results: Flowcytometric immunophenotyping of 101 leukemia patients over 8-month period showed that 67.3% and 33.6% male were females respectively. AML, T-ALL, and B-ALL prevalence was highest in patients with 5 to 10 years of age. Out of 101 leukemia patients, 16 (15.8%) and 85 (84.1%) had AML and ALL diagnosis respectively. Of these 85 ALL cases, 72 (84.7%) were B-ALL and 13 (15.2%) were T-ALL. Study founded that most frequent CD markers in B-ALL, were CD79 and CD19 (100%) whereas CD3 and CD5 in T-ALL and CD13 (93.8%) and CD34 (87.5%) in AML. CD34 was a common marker among B-ALL, T-ALL and AML. Among B-ALL and T-ALL, AntiTdt was a common CD marker whereas HLA-DR was common among AML and B-ALL. Conclusions: Results of Acute leukemia immunophenotyping were homologous to worldwide published research. For accurate leukemia lineage, immunophenotyping of AML and ALL is essential since, if therapy is started based solely on morphological diagnosis, approximately 25% of patients may not respond or recure.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents’ Spirituality, Parenting Practices and Disruptive Behaviour Disorders among Pakistani Children","authors":"Sameena Iqbal, Mamoona Ismail Loona","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1004","url":null,"abstract":"This study looked at the relationship between parent’s spirituality, parenting practices and the growth of Disruptive Behavior Disorder (DBD) in Children. Objectives: To assess the relationship between Parents’ Spirituality, Parenting Practices and Disruptive Behavior Disorder. To find out gender differences on parents ‘spirituality scale and DBD rating Scale. Methods: 500 Pakistani children aged 7 to 11 who were subjected to standardized screening procedures for disruptive behaviour disorders made up the sample. The sample was collected from Islamabad and Rawalpindi public and private schools. Using the Spirituality Scale, the spirituality of the parents was assessed. Parenting styles based on self-report and disruptive behaviours based on parent/teacher reports were the outcome variables. Results: The study's results revealed a noteworthy positive association between DBD and parenting practices while a significant negative association was found between parents' spirituality and their parenting practices which indicates that parents who exhibit a heightened level of spirituality are less likely to use ineffective parenting practices resulting in better management of disruptive behavior problems among their children. Children in private schools have less behavioral issues than those in public schools. Additional research shows that boys are more likely than girls to have DBD. Conclusions: Disruptive behavior disorders are linked to the spirituality of the parents as well as the parenting styles they use to discipline their kids. The study's targeted constructs may help in the early detection, prevention, and management of disruptive behavior disorders.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Menopausal Symptoms with Serum Estradiol in Pre and Postmenopausal Women of Nawabshah (SBA)","authors":"Nosheen Aghani, . Bhagwani, Shakeela Imtiaz, Ghulam Qadir, Mehk Memon, Mehwish Memon","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1037","url":null,"abstract":"The term menopause accurately incomes termination of menstrual cycle. A diversity of physiological changes proceeds in the body, certain of these are the consequence of cessation of ovarian function and decreased production of estrogen. Objective: To determine the serum estrogen levels and to study menopause related symptoms in pre and postmenopausal women due to declined estrogen levels. Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Participants were recruited from the Gynecology and Obstetrics and Medicine OPD/Ward PMCH and from the general public. After explaining the study's goal to all participants, they gave their written and verbal agreement. Blood samples were collected for biochemical testing and stored at -20℃ in the laboratory. ANOVA test was applied for comparison of estrogen among the study participants. This study involved 400 individuals who were separated into two groups, Premenopause and Postmenopause. Results: The mean ±SD of age of Premenopausal participants was 44.44±2.61 years and the mean ±SD of Postmenopausal females remained 54.78±2.80 years. The mean value of serum estradiol of pre and postmenopausal participants was noted as 13.03±11.42 pg/ml 8.21±4.7 pg/ml. The predominant symptoms among the premenopausal women experienced were depressive mood and irritability (61%) while the symptoms experienced by postmenopausal women were dryness of vagina (59%) and heart discomfort (54%). Conclusions: The decrease in estrogen may lead to symptoms like vaginal dryness, mood changes, night sweats and hot flashes. The symptoms experienced are similar as elsewhere in the world, although occurring with varying frequencies.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction in Pregnant Women","authors":"Huma Firdous, Kiran Bashir, Mashal Batool Malik, Areej Gul, Fatima Amjad","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1006","url":null,"abstract":"Pregnancy is a period when a woman’s body leads to various musculoskeletal issues including Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction (SPD). The term symphysis pubis dysfunction refers to a collection of distressing symptoms that occur in the pelvic area and cause limitation while performing activities of daily living. Objective: To find the Prevalence of symphysis pubis dysfunction in pregnant women. Methods: From June 2022 to January 2023, following a duration of 6 months, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 267 pregnant women aged 20-35 years. Those with pelvic pain during any trimester were enrolled from gynecology department of Riphah International Hospital and Al-Khidmat Razi Hospital, Rawalpindi. Participants meeting inclusion criteria were evaluated for symphysis pubic pain based on specific criteria, including (signs and symptoms, palpation, and diagnostic tests like the Positive Patrick Faber and Trendelenburg tests). Pain severity was assessed using visual analogue scale. Results: Out of 267 participants, 32% participants were diagnosed with symphysis pubis dysfunction while 68% participants did not have SPD. The most prevalent symptoms are turning over in the bed (79 %), bending down (75%), and standing on one leg (71%) which is mostly reported by the majority of women in the third trimester with moderate pain perception. Conclusions: Study concluded the notable prevalence of SPD with the most prevalent symptoms turning over in the bed, bending down, and standing on one leg. These symptoms were predominantly noted among women in the third trimester, accompanied by a moderate level of pain.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Screen Time and Tear Film Stability","authors":"Mawra Zahid, Maimoona Rehmat, Hifza Imtiaz","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i08.965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i08.965","url":null,"abstract":"Tear film is a layer that nourishes, lubricates and protects the anterior surface of eye. The usage of electronic gadgets can affect the tear film stability causing ocular dryness. Recently, due to the increased frequency of online educational and leisure activities, there has been reported increase in the prevalence of dry eye among users of electronic gadgets. Objective: To evaluate association between screen time and stability of tear film. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January to august 2021 at The University of Lahore. 120 participants aged above 18 years were recruited using nonprobability sampling technique. After taking consent from the participant’s questionnaire was completed, followed by slit lamp examination for evaluation tear film breakup time (TBUT). Results: 120 healthy people of either gender who were at least 18 years old participated in this study, selected through random sampling, informed consent was acquired from all participants. The TBUT test was performed on all subjects, 74 had severe dry eyes, 21 had moderate dry eyes, and just 24 had normal eyes. Each subject's screen time was tracked after the subjects were divided into four groups. The Chi square was used to assess the relationship between screen time and tear film break up time. Results had a p value less than 0.01 and were statistically significant. Conclusions: This study concluded that as the screen time increases it effects the stability of tear film.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88108918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}