Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Severity of Plasmodium vivax Malaria among Patients Presenting at Tertiary Care Hospital after Flood in Sindh – Pakistan","authors":"Mona Humaira, Naila Memon, Akbar Gohar Abro, Arshad Sattar Lakho, Tahir Hanif, Shuaib Ansari","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1043","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is one of the widely spread vector bond infectious disease responsible for grave health issues. Pakistan is one of the adversely hit country by malaria. We conducted this study to access whether there was only increase in no of malaria patients after flood in Sindh patients or clinical variance is also there. Objective: To assess the severity of Plasmodium vivax infection at a tertiary care hospital, after flood situation in Sindh. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at LUMHS, Jamshoro from November 2022 to April 2023. After taking inform written consent, adult patients of age 13 to 60 years, irrespective of gender, with positive report of P. vivax malaria were included in the study. Data were recorded on predesigned proforma. Severity of malaria was determined according to the classification criteria. Data were analyzed with the help of SPSS version 23. Results: Out of total 170 patients, 52.4% female, mean age was 26.6 year. 50.6% patients of Plasmodium vivax found to suffer from severe malaria. Severe anemia, ALOC and jaundice were present in 28.2%, 21.2% and 11.2% of patients respectively. Conclusions: Enormous number of severe malaria cases due to of P. vivax was detected after floods in Sindh. Young age people were affected more, irrespective of gender. Severe anemia was the most common complication of malaria. Thrombocytopenia found frequently in patients infected with P. vivax.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135978052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duke Treadmill Score Predicts Coronary Artery Disease Severity in Diabetics and Non-Diabetics","authors":"Muhammad Khalil, Muhammad Shafique Arshad, Asma Zafar Khawaja, Iffat Aqeel, . Hidayatullah, Mahboob Ur Rehman, Sumeet Kumar, Shoaib Ahmed","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1112","url":null,"abstract":"Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity on a global scale. The Duke Treadmill Score (DTS) is a clinical evaluation that uses exercise stress testing to determine the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). Objective: This study was to see how well DTS predicted the severity of CAD in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, PIMS, Islamabad, from March 2023 to September 2023. Total 450 patients were separated into diabetes (225) and non-diabetic (225) groups. Diabetes was diagnosed using American Diabetes Association criteria. The validated DTS scores exercise duration, ST-segment deviation, and angina symptoms to predict severe CAD. -11 or above is high risk, -10 to +4 is moderate, and +5 or more is low risk. Results: A study of 450 patients comprised 282 (62.6%) male and 168 (37.3%) female, with an average age of 58.4±13.2years. On coronary angiography, 170 diabetics (75.6%) and 130 non-diabetics (57.8%) had substantial CAD. Hypertension was 52.9% in diabetics and 49.3% in non-diabetics (p=0.920). Diabetics had 10.6% dyslipidemia and non-diabetics 9.3% (p=0.058). Conclusions: DTS may predict CAD severity in diabetics and non-diabetics, according to one study. Diabetes is a key risk factor for CAD, and DTS may aid in risk estimation. DTS findings and CAD risk assessment may potentially be affected by patient characteristics, exercise capacity, and treadmill technique.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135978057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methanol Formation, Toxicity and its Impact on the Human Nervous System and Liver","authors":"Muhammad Abubakar, Muhammad Maaz Arif, Hina Kausar, Sarmad Habib Khan, Wardah Nisar, Khurram Shahzad","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1056","url":null,"abstract":"Methanol poisoning is a severe public health issue that causes disease and death, particularly in developing countries. Exposure can occur intentionally or unintentionally through several industrial products such as cleansers, solvents, antifreeze, perfumes, and paints. The toxic dose of methanol is approximately 1g/kg, emphasizing its potent toxicity. Methanol intoxication is chiefly caused by the harmful metabolites which are formed during its breakdown. These metabolites encourage metabolic acidosis. Formic acid, a methanol breakdown product, troubles mitochondria, distressing cytochrome oxidase and ATP production. Methanol-related problems include neurological disorders, vision problems, liver impact, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson's. Key lab tests, including osmolality and anionic gap, aid in recognizing alcohol harm. Furthermore, detecting a faint smell of methanol in the breath, observing visual disturbances, and altered sensory neurons, seeing a history of abdominal pain, and conducting routine checkups support the early diagnosis of methanol poisoning. Treatment using prompt gastric lavage, sodium bicarbonate given intravenously, management with ethanol, folate-dependent folate systems suggest, dialysis, competent ADH inhibitor “pyrazole”, specific antidote “Fomepizole” can be used to treat methanol poisoning. Regular toxicologist check-ups are critical in such cases. Definite symptoms like basal ganglia issues and eye problems require consultations with neurologists and ophthalmologists. For cases needing hemodialysis or liver tissue recovery, consulting a nephrologist is essential. It is suggested to immediately act to prevent harm, especially for industrial workers, rural alcohol sellers, those with alcoholism, and vulnerable youth vulnerable to methanol poisoning.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"94 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135978060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Predictors of Non-Compliance with Pharmacological Treatment in Diabetes","authors":"Ayesha Shah Jehan, Summaya Roshan, Shujaat Hussain, Azka Maheen, Jawad Mahmood, Akhtar Zada","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1089","url":null,"abstract":"Although the incidence of failure to comply to prescribe drugs is very varied, it may be the most frequent cause of suboptimal treatment results in diabetic patients. In the research region, there are little data on the extent of non-adherence to medicines and related causes. Objective: To determine the prevalence of non-adherence to medications in patients with diabetes and the factors leading to such practices. Methods: A descriptive study designed was chosen to evaluate 191 patients with diabetes enrolled at the department of medicine, combined military hospital, Nowshera, during the period May 2022 to May 2023. Non-adherence was confirmed clinically by taking history and biochemically by poor glycemic profile. SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 60 years. The mean age of the patients was 36.17 years with standard deviation 7.53. Age group 18 to 40 years comprised of 113 (59.2%) participants. The male participants were 129 (67.5%) in number. Non-adherence was observed in 86(45.5%) patients. Factors leading to non-adherence included financial constraints 32(37.2%), medications related to complications 16(18.6%). Conclusions: Diabetes patients often fail to comply with their prescribed prescriptions in the study region. To reduce disengagement among diabetes patients, public health programs should be reinforced.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"41 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135977854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients with Valvular Heart Disease","authors":"Hidayat Ullah, Muhammad Shafique Arshad, Zabih Ullah, Abdul Rehman, Muhammad Khalil, Nouman Khan","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1094","url":null,"abstract":"Valvular heart disorders (VHD) may affect both mother and fetus during pregnancy. This research examined pregnancy outcomes in valvular heart disease patients. Methods: This was a descriptive comparative study conducted at Department of Cardiology, PIMS, Islamabad, from April 10th to August 31st, 2023. The study consisted 318 females, 166 of them were healthy (control group) and 152 of them had valvular heart disease (study group). SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data. Objectives: To evaluate the pregnancy outcomes of females with valvular heart disease presenting to tertiary care hospital. Results: Group-I contained 152 females with valvular heart disease and group-II had 166 healthy females. Group-I mean age was 20.2±4.8 years, whereas group-II mean age was 22.3±2.8 years (p>0.05). Stillbirths were greater in group-I 10(6.57%) and 2(1.20%) (p 0.001) than group-II. Mitral stenosis was the most common valvular lesion at 53.97% (82 patients). 18.42% (28 patients) had mitral regurgitation. The study group had 0.65% maternal mortality compared to 0% in the control group. 11 (7.23%) patients developed cardiac arrythmias in study group compared to 2 (1.20%) patients in control group. Conclusions: There is a high risk of pregnancy in pregnant females who has valvular heart disease is a and have higher probability of having fetomaternal complications.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"41 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135977860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of MRI to Detection of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy in Diabetic Patients-Literature Review","authors":"Muhammad Ahmad Raza, Muhammad Azam, Laamia Altuf, Nishat Aftab Jadran, Abdullah Amjad","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1096","url":null,"abstract":"The most severe side effect of cervical spondylosis and the most frequent cause of spinal disorders older people is cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). On T2-weighted images, increased signal intensity may be detected at the level of spinal canal stenosis, making MRI a helpful technique for examining the spinal cord. Disc degeneration leads to spondylotic alterations in the cervical spine of the elderly. Static/dynamic cord compression and microvascular insufficiency may result in acute spinal cord ischemia in CSM, which is followed by quickly progressing neurological impairment. The aim of study is to find out spondylotic myelopathy through magnetic resonance imaging. The data were included in literature review from several search engines. In this literature review, only 23 were used for extraction of data related to topic statement. It is concluded that MRI is used full technique for diagnosis, evaluation and follow-up of patients with spondylotic myelopathy.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"73 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135978053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Hyperuricemia In Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Madiha Haseeb, Maria Qadri, Mir Tahir Hussain Talpur, Muhammad Azhar Hussain, Nasir Jamil, Farah Malik, Areeba Zohaib, Neha Aslam, Mohammad Hasan","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.957","url":null,"abstract":"Ischemic stroke is responsible for a significant proportion of stroke cases, with stroke being a major contributor to mortality and morbidity on a global scale. Objective: To check the relation of hyperuricemia with stroke. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Jinnah Post-graduate Medical Center's Medicine ward more than six months after the acceptance of the synopsis. This study was conducted between 2020 and 2021. The sample size for the study was determined to be at least 94. Non-probability consecutive sampling was employed to select patients aged >20 years, of either sex, who were diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke. Patients with ischemic stroke due to a known thrombophilic condition and those with hyperuricemia secondary to high cell turnover from cancer chemotherapy were excluded from the study. The frequencies and percentages were collected and calculated and chi-square was used to evaluate the significance. The p-value of <0.005 was considered significant. Results: We enrolled 94 patients in total. Table 1 shows the demographics of the patients who presented to the hospital. The most common age group was >60 years and the majority of the patients were male (61.7%). The 51 (54.2%) patients have a BMI >25. 65 (69.1%) of the patients had diabetes. The relationship between the patients with hyperuricemia with the male gender, hypertensive patients, and patients who smoke with a p-value of <0.001. Conclusions: In conclusion, hyperuricemia appears to be prevalent in acute ischemic stroke patients, especially among the elderly population.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135978055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaches and challenges in Public Health","authors":"Riffat Mehboob","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.899","url":null,"abstract":"Public health is an essential field that plays a crucial role in safeguarding the well-being of communities and populations. However, it is faced with numerous approaches and challenges that require continuous efforts and adaptations. One of the key approaches in public health is prevention, which involves promoting healthy behaviors and implementing interventions to reduce the occurrence of diseases. Through education campaigns, vaccination programs, and early detection initiatives, public health professionals strive to minimize the burden of illnesses and enhance the overall health status of individuals. This proactive approach not only saves lives but also reduces healthcare costs in the long run. Nevertheless, public health faces various challenges in its pursuit of improving community health. One of the prominent challenges is limited resources. Public health agencies often operate on tight budgets, making it difficult to implement comprehensive programs and interventions. Adequate funding is necessary to support research, surveillance systems, and the development of effective strategies. Without sufficient resources, public health efforts may be constrained, compromising their ability to respond to emerging health threats and address existing disparities. Additionally, public health must navigate complex socio-political landscapes and overcome resistance to change. Health policies and interventions may face opposition from vested interests, misinformation, or skepticism, hindering progress in implementing evidence-based practices. Public health professionals need to communicate effectively, engage stakeholders, and build trust within communities to overcome these challenges. Collaboration with policymakers, advocacy groups, and the public is crucial to garner support and create an environment conducive to positive health outcomes. In conclusion, approaches and challenges in public health go hand in hand. While prevention remains a fundamental approach, limited resources and societal barriers present significant hurdles. As we navigate the complexities of modern healthcare, it is imperative to invest in public health infrastructure, foster evidence-based decision-making, and promote partnerships to overcome these challenges. By doing so, we can ensure that public health continues to make strides in improving the well-being of individuals and communities, leading to healthier and happier societies overall.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135977905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction among Undergraduate University Students: A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"Tamknat Ilyas, Asma Wadood, Rabia Jawa, Sidra Ali, Rahat Ayub, Sania Maqbool, Saddiqa Qamar","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.997","url":null,"abstract":"Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) is an umbrella term covering pain and dysfunction of the muscles of mastication (jaw muscles). Disorder of temporomandibular Joint is one of the most common health problems. It is a term used to cover a number of multiple clinical issues related to temporomandibular joint, muscles of mastication and teeth. The trio that effects the arrangement and balance of TMJ, dental occlusion and muscles of mastication revolves mainly around “psychological, postural and structural elements. Objective: To find out Frequency of TMJD among undergraduate university students. Methods: Cross-sectional survey was conducted in duration of 3 months after approval of synopsis across University of Management and Technology (UMT). Self-designed questionnaire and TMJ dysfunction questionnaire was used. The sample size of this study was 200 calculated by Rao software. It took 9 months’ time period to complete the study. Random sampling technique has been used in this study to collect the data. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze data, frequency tables and bar charts were made. Results: Results showed that 63.5% (n=127) were considered themselves chronically fatigued and 77% (n=154) grinded their teeth at night. 64% (n=128) of the students were from health sciences background. This shows the association of prevalence of TMJDs and stress in university students. Conclusions: Study showed high frequency of TMD amongst students due to chronic fatigue, overload of study, poor ergonomics, and working hours, which are associating risk factors for TMD. Stress management &amp; good ergonomics strategies are required.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135978059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting Weight Loss Management among Obese Nurses Working in Public and Private Health Care Sectors","authors":"Yasmeen BiBi, Madiha Mukhtar, Hajra Sarwar, Tasleem Kanwal","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1069","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity in the general population have been growing globally in recent years, a trend that has also been seen among nurses. Along with the severe health consequences of obesity, the condition impairs an individual's capacity to work and increases absenteeism rates. It is therefore essential to understand the factors that are producing all of this. Objectives: To explore the barriers of weight loss management among obese nurses. Methods: In this study, an exploratory qualitative study approach was adopted. Data was collected from the 12 study participants who were purposive sampled, semi-structured face-to-face individual interviews were conducted. The audio recordings were translated into English and verbatim transcribed. The analysis was conducted out using the computer-assisted programmer NVIVO-12. NVIVO-12 produced codes that were grouped into sub-themes, and themes. Results: Obstacles to weight loss management among obese nurses were a lack of desire and a change in lifestyle owing to a lack of time, nurses, and resources. Weight management was hindered by the workplace environment and shift changes. Conclusions: The demanding nature of hospital work leads to stress-induced unhealthy eating habits among nurses, hindering their ability to maintain a balanced diet and manage their weight.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135977510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}