INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES最新文献

{"title":"Afro-Asian worldviews: Ideational narratives of Ubuntu and Confucian Communitarianism","authors":"Vidhan Pathak, Sandipani Dash","doi":"10.51483/ijafrs.1.2.2021.1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51483/ijafrs.1.2.2021.1-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45676,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74200012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation into Covid-19 related suicide risk factors in Malawi","authors":"Lloyd George Banda","doi":"10.51483/IJAFRS.1.2.2021.43-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51483/IJAFRS.1.2.2021.43-48","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation into covid-19 related suicide risk factors in malawi - Malawi has witnessed a 57% drastic upsurge in suicide","PeriodicalId":45676,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79471574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotion and imagination: Perspectives in educational anthropology","authors":"C. Wulf","doi":"10.51483/IJAFRS.1.1.2021.45-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51483/IJAFRS.1.1.2021.45-53","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45676,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87486571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Peacebuilding and State Building: Post-Conflict African Challenge","authors":"Redie Bereketeab","doi":"10.31124/ADVANCE.13580504.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31124/ADVANCE.13580504.V1","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyses peacebuilding and state building in post-conflict Africa. The article examine two conception of peacebuilding and state building. These are popular progressive and neoliberal peacebuilding and state building.","PeriodicalId":45676,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90521609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The International criminal court in Africa: A motion for continued constructive engagement","authors":"George Shadrack Kamanda","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3676845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3676845","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, African states and their leaders have levied heavy criticisms against the International Criminal Court (ICC) operations on the continent. The ICC has been accused of infringing states sovereignty, engaging in selective justice and serving as an instrument for furthering neocolonialism. This paper examines Africa’s criticisms of the Court in detail and advances ways to improve relations between African states and the ICC. The examination of the strained relationship between Africa and the ICC will start with a survey of Africa’s criticisms against the ICC, followed by brief background information into the nature of crimes and other human rights violations taking place on the African continent. Crimes committed on the continent are analyzed for context and relevance; however, the nucleus of the paper will focus on refuting Africa’s criticisms of the ICC as an anti-Africa institution. Next, the paper engages in a substantive legal analysis of ICC’s law and procedures by providing counterargument responses to Africa’s criticisms. Furthermore, a motion supporting ICC’s relations on the continent is advanced to rebuild and reform for continued constructive engagement between African states and the ICC. The paper concludes that Africa’s criticisms of the ICC are more political than legal and, as a result, urges all parties and actors involved to foster a path for continued constructive engagement as a means to remedy the ongoing tension between African states and the ICC.","PeriodicalId":45676,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78534704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guinea-Bissau, from liberation struggle to independent statehood","authors":"Carlos J. Lopes, M. Wolfers","doi":"10.4324/9780429035371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429035371","url":null,"abstract":"Clashes between Guinea Bissau soldiers and a faction of the Senegalese secessionist group, the Movement for the Democratic Forces of Casamance (MFDC) from the region that borders Guinea Bissau to the north, raged in northern Guinea Bissau's between 15 March and the end of April. Some 10,000 people, 80 percent of whom are women and children, fled villages on the Guinea Bissau side of the border. A further 2,500 people fled over the border into Senegal. Most of the displaced and refugees are staying with friends and relatives placing a substantial burden on limited resources, said the UN's Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, (OCHA), which launched the emergency flash appeal. A series of recent studies by UN agencies have revealed that anti-personnel and tank mines are the main safety concern in the region, and are preventing residents from accessing their homes and farms. Landmines recently killed some 13 civilians and several more were wounded along the main roads close to the Senegal border, said OCHA. Guinea Bissau is a small country of just 1.4 million people with average annual income of less than US $250 a year, according to the International Monetary Fund. Cashew nuts are the country's main export. The cashew harvest ought to be in full swing in northern Guinea Bissau but landmines are preventing farmers from going into their fields, said OCHA. As the fighting raged, some 20,000 people around Varela and Susana in the far northwest of Guinea Bissau were cut-off from the rest of the country by landmines. Though the fighting has died down, problems remain for residents, said OCHA. \"While traffic has gradually resumed, the affected population still lives under precarious conditions, facing serious problems related to poor shelter and sanitary conditions as well as limited food and water supplies,\" said OCHA. Most of the US $3.64 m will be spent on food aid, though clearing landmines will make up the second largest single expense and has been allotted US $727,000.","PeriodicalId":45676,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82389970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making and Unmaking Public Health in Africa: Ethnographic and Historical Perspectives","authors":"Julie M. Weiskopf","doi":"10.5860/choice.52-0309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.52-0309","url":null,"abstract":"Making and Unmaking Public Health in Africa: Ethnographic and Historical Perspectives. Edited by Ruth J. Prince and Rebecca Marsland. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2014. Pp. 292; notes, bibliography. $79.95 cloth, $32.95 paper.The nine essays collected in this volume range widely in topic, providing an in-depth and useful snapshot of public health configurations in five African countries. The result of a 2008 workshop at the University of Cambridge, the collection is East African- (six chapters) and Anglophone-heavy (eight chapters), and yet it manages to offer such an array of approaches and capture such diverse experiences that it feels much more comprehensive than location alone would suggest.Taken as a whole, this book makes an important contribution to African public health scholarship by providing more contemporary contexts and newer dynamics in the shaping of health and healing in the selected countries. These include the increasing prominence of transnational, NGO, and private health care facilities in the midst of wholly inadequate government-funded institutions; contemporary political dynamics influencing the expectations for government facilities; the increased influence of market relations in accessing health care; a rise in foreign-funding going to programs that are narrowly focused on disease or health emergencies rather than national comprehensive medical care; and the new, if narrow, opportunities that contemporary programs offer to African patients and health professionals. Presumably, these constitute the \"rethinking\" of public health that Ruth Prince's Introduction promises.Despite the subtitle's reference to \"historical perspectives,' this is a present-oriented collection written by anthropologists, although most chapters are nicely historicallysituated. Only one piece, by Noemi Tousignant, really intends to contribute to knowledge on a particular historical period. The same focus on the present and on anthropology is evident in Prince's Introduction. Historical work is surely present, but the chapter's clear purposes are to trace trends in the anthropological literature and to flesh out contemporary dynamics rather than to engage deeply with the historiography of health and healing. Still, the chapters that include the most significant attention to history- Murray Last, Rebecca Marsland, Tousignant, Hannah Brown-ably demonstrate the power of historically contextualizing present realities. These provide readers with insight into the past, present, and their interrelation.Of particular interest are the ways in which these essays offer rich descriptions of public health related actors. Not only are there public health officials and citizens with health obligations and expectations, but patients, professionals, and a hybrid category that has emerged with HIV/AIDS care wherein a patient becomes a community health volunteer. Not surprisingly, the first section, \"Whose Public Health?\" emphasizes the first two actors. These essays o","PeriodicalId":45676,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71147123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Emerging Middle Class in Africa","authors":"John R. Heilbrunn","doi":"10.5860/choice.190222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.190222","url":null,"abstract":"The Emerging Middle Class in Africa. Edited by Mithuli Ncube and Charles Leyeka Lufumpa. New York: Routledge, 2015. Pp. vii, 215; figures, tables, contributors, acknowledgements. $140.00 cloth, $50.95 paper.Since the turn of the century, Africa has enjoyed impressive levels of economic growth. Increasing numbers of observers have commented that a consequence of this growth has been the emergence of African middle classes. In April 2011, the African Development Bank's chief economist and vice-president Mthuli Ncube, Charles Leyeka Lufumpa, director of the Statistics Department, and Steve Kayizzi-Mugerwa, director of research coauthored \"The Middle of the Pyramid: Dynamics of the Middle Class in Africa.\" This document has served as the foundation for an edited volume, The Emerging Middle Class in Africa (2015). Having assembled an impressive team of international researchers, the book explores the diverse characteristics of Africa's emerging middle class.Mthuli Ncube introduces the edited volume with an operational definition of what constitutes Africa's middle class. Eight thematic chapters and a conclusion follow this introduction. Ncube's introduction lays out the analytic approach that is first presented in the market brief. Like the earlier paper, the book uses an \"absolute\" definition that includes as members of the middle class those people with per capita daily consumption of $2.00 to $20.00. Ncube then disaggregates the middle classes into first the \"floating class\" that includes those people who consume between $2.00 and $4.00 a day. Second is the \"lower middle class\" whose members spend $4.00 to $10.00 a day. Finally, people in the \"upper middle class\" spend $10.00 to $20.00 a day. Ncube is careful to stress that a \"vulnerable\" population of 204 million people, or 63 percent of Africa's floating middle class, risk falling back into poverty. Having established the parameters for a definition of what constitutes the middle class, he suggests Africa's middle class reflects \"a robust and growing private sector\" (p. 3). The book's eight substantive chapters employ the absolute definition to explore how the African middle classes respond to specific issues.In Chapter 1, Charles Leyeka Lufumpa, Maurice Mubila, and Mohamed Safouance Ben Aissa argue that the middle class has enabled African economies to shift away from export-led growth to create dynamic domestic markets. Their essay considers how a large floating middle class is part of changes that might lead to sustainable socioeconomic development. In Chapter 2, Michael Lofchie provides a lengthy analysis of the political economy of Africa's emerging middle class. His essay notes middle class interests in political stability all the while they engage in enterprise development, comply with tax laws, accumulate savings, and make investments in the domestic economy. Lofchie's trenchant analysis describes overarching elements of the middle class and its \"hourglass\" configuration; how colonial con","PeriodicalId":45676,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71027857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bitter Roots: The Search for Healing Plants in Africa","authors":"K. Flint","doi":"10.5860/choice.51-6785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.51-6785","url":null,"abstract":"Bitter Roots: The Search for Healing Plants in Africa. By Abena Dove OsseoAsare. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014. Pp. vii, 300; illustrations, appendices, notes, bibliography. $35.00/£ 24.50 paper.In this book Abena Dove Osseo-Asare examines how medicinal plants became subjects of pharmaceutical research by looking at the long history of bioprospecting of six different African plants which she terms \"bitter roots\"-rosy periwinkle, Asiatic pennywort, grains of paradise, Strophanthus, Cryptolepis, and Hoodia. These plants literally taste bitter, but they also reflect a sometimes bitter and contested history. While these herbs have been commercialized globally, proven profitable, and in some cases gained international patents, the originators of such herbal remedies often remained unacknowledged, unknown, and thus uncompensated. Such inequities emerged due to global markets that favored the rich and powerful, and are perpetuated by scientific and legal regimes of the North. Consequently, African communities that seek acknowledgement and benefit sharing for medical knowledge must do so through international laws and patent licensing that require \"proof' of their originality. This creates a number of \"evidentiary problems,\" most obviously that much of local African medicinal knowledge has historically been transmitted orally rather than in writing. Yet Osseo-Asare challenges the basic premise that claims to originality should and can be obtained for medicinal plants or that \"indigenous\" knowledge is in fact local. By rejecting simplistic divisions between indigenous and biomedical knowledge, this work contributes to and complicates the literature on medical pluralism and indigenous knowledge.Osseo-Asare uses careful historical detective work in archives, botanical gardens, museums, African medicinal plant markets, and through oral interviews with healers and scientists, to demonstrate that knowledge and use of these bitter roots occurred in multiple places, in multiple ways and by a mix of people. For instance she shows that periwinkle, a common weed in Madagascar has pan-tropical distribution from Jamaica to the Philippines, while pennywort also from Madagascar, can be found in Ayurvedic medicines. Sometimes these herbal medicines find similar use globally as in the case of periwinkle as a folk remedy for diabetes, or completely differently as with grains of paradise. The latter from West Africa, had an early global distribution, being used as a spice in Europe since medieval times, and yet is used differently in places as close as Ghana and Nigeria and between men and women. Medicinal plants could be the specialized knowledge of healers, the folk medicine of grandmothers, adopted by European settlers, or the subject of laboratory testing by African and northern scientists. …","PeriodicalId":45676,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71146767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Second British Empire in the Crucible of the Twentieth Century","authors":"C. D. Smith","doi":"10.5860/choice.187705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.187705","url":null,"abstract":"The Second British Empire in the Crucible of the Twentieth Century. By Timothy H. Parsons. Critical Issues in World and International History. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Press, 2014. Pp. xii, 240, timeline, notes, bibliography, index. $38.00 cloth.Timothy Parsons has written a wide-ranging survey of the British Empire in the twentieth century rich in detail, and with one regional exception, in its comparative analysis of the impact of British rule on its foreign subjects. After an overview of the empire through World War I, the book is divided into chapters on the interwar period, the 1940s, \"The Final Retreat from Empire, 1950-1970,\" and then \"The Global Legacies of the British Empire.\" The book's scope extends from the West Indies to Malaya with most attention focused on developments in Africa and in India with respect not only to British policies and their justification, but also to local reactions to these policies. Throughout, Parsons is careful to note competing views and factions both within the British governments of the time and in the various regions of Africa and the Indian subcontinent, as well as when considering developments in Ireland and the West Indies.Several themes reappear. One, stressed at the beginning of the book when discussing the pomp surrounding the 1911 Durbar in India held to celebrate Britain's imperial power, is the inherent fragility of British rule and of imperial holdings generally as considered in hindsight. The intended impression of stability and power masked the underlying reality that the empire had already inspired resistance in many regions, opposition that would only expand as the decades wore on, especially since expected financial rewards from investments were often unmet. For Parsons, the end of empire, symbolized in the handing over of Hong Kong to China in 1997, discussed in his Introduction, has a feeling of inevitability fueled by the transformation of global power sectors and the relative decline of the British economy, especially after World War II.Much of his book thus traces British debates as to how officials should respond to local protests. Parsons discusses at length the Amritsar killings of 1919 and General Dyer's firm belief that force was the only means to impress Indians of British might and command obedience, set against fears that such actions further inflamed the resistance of subject peoples; a balance had to be struck between assertion of authority and encouragement of local cooperation. A strength of the book is Parsons's argument that Ireland's resistance to British rule served as an inspiration to peoples elsewhere with Indian revolutionary groups establishing themselves in the United States in the early twentieth century. Another is Parsons' inclusion of references to the role of women in African economies along with noting that West African farmers were far more efficient in their agricultural productivity than British-inspired schemes, a fact London and its colonial o","PeriodicalId":45676,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71026260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}