Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review最新文献

{"title":"The Expansion of Higher Education and Post-Materialistic Attitudes to Work in Europe: Evidence from the European Values Study","authors":"Barbora Hubatková, Tomáš Doseděl","doi":"10.13060/CSR.2020.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13060/CSR.2020.050","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the relationship between higher education and post-materialistic attitudes to work, and how it has changed following the recent expansion of systems of higher education in Europe. Using data from the European Values Study on 28 countries with the time frame between 1990 and 2008, the analysis shows that the previously observed link between higher education and post-materialism also applies to work values. Higher-educated Europeans were both more post-materialistic and less materialistic in their work orientations than their lower-educated counterparts. This association was, however, weakened by tertiary expansion. Work-related post-materialism declined with the increasing share of university-educated individuals in the working-age population. Interestingly, so, too, did work-related materialism, yet only until the expansion reached 25%, then it gradually increased. It is suggested that these developments, at least in part, stem from the changing position of higher-educated workers in the labour market.","PeriodicalId":45665,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"767-790"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82116093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Economy and Governance as Determinants of Political Trust in Europe: An Analysis of the European Values Study and World Values Survey, 1990-2019","authors":"M. Kołczyńska","doi":"10.13060/CSR.2020.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13060/CSR.2020.051","url":null,"abstract":"Trust in state institutions is essential for the stability and legitimacy of political regimes. Understood in evaluative terms, political trust has often been linked to the performance of the state and its institutions. The macro-level sources of trust, however, are not well understood owing to the scarcity of empirical tests beyond cross-sectional analyses. This paper examines economic performance and the quality of governance as determinants of political trust in Europe. The analysis relies on data from the European Values Study and the World Values Survey between 1990 and 2019, covering 42 European countries surveyed at least twice. The modelling strategy explicitly distinguishes between-country variation from within-country variation in macro-level characteristics, enabling the examination of cross-national and longitudinal effects. The results provide evidence of associations between economic performance - economic development and unemployment - and political trust in the expected directions, with some differences across European regions. Further, countries with less corruption tend to enjoy higher political trust, but the effects of changes in the level of corruption on trust depend on the corruption indicator used. Finally, improvements in the quality of electoral democracy are associated with declines in political trust.","PeriodicalId":45665,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"791-834"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77769879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transitions in Old Age: The Meanings of Body from the Perspective of Older Adults with Acquired Impairment","authors":"T. Sedláková, Marcela Petrová Kafková","doi":"10.13060/csr.2020.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13060/csr.2020.032","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarises the knowledge about transition from the third age to what is called the fourth age. The study understands ageing as an embodied process and explores the meanings that are attached to the body in the narratives of older persons who have acquired impairment in later life and are receiving care. Because the onset of impairment and infirmity marks a point of transition, the study considers the bodily aspects of the ageing process as key elements, despite this being highly problematic in current social gerontology. The authors call for a complex approach to understanding the meanings of the body in the transitions into old age and drawing on their own study based on three repeated interviews with ten older adults conducted over the course of one year (8 women, mean age = 83.8 years), they explore the meanings that are attached to the body in the context of receiving care. Their analysis of the personal accounts and narratives of everyday activities from the participants in their study revealed that embodiment in action is the main topic through which participants experienced their everydayness. The meanings of embodiment in action are shaped and reconstructed on three dimensions that capture important processes of embodiment in action: the sensing of the body (the Body as an Organiser of Activities), anticipation of the body (the Body as an Uncertain Companion), and the managing of the body (the Body as Work to Be Done). The findings offer insights into the processes of transitions in old age, in which the emotional, social, and behavioural aspects of embodiment in action, rather than age, play the key role. The study further highlights that the meanings of the body are complex, highly relevant, and should not be overlooked within the organisational practice of social and","PeriodicalId":45665,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66170674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement Invariance of the SQWLi Instrument Over Time","authors":"J. Vinopal, Kristýna Pospíšilová","doi":"10.13060/csr.2020.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13060/csr.2020.048","url":null,"abstract":"The SQWLi questionnaire was developed for the long-term measurement of subjectively perceived quality of working life. The aim of this study is to test the instrument’s measurement invariance between 2009 and 2019 and determine whether – despite the modifications made to the instrument over the years – the results remain comparable. Data from eight representative surveys of the economically active population in the Czech Republic were analysed (total N = 6909) using the MG CFA method (configural, metric, and scalar invariance) and the alignment method (approximate measurement invariance). The findings from the MG CFA tests for measurement invariance indicate that the SQWLi instrument achieves configural and metric invariance over time but not full scalar invariance. Achieving a partial scalar invariance would be challenging because of the many high modification indices; therefore, an approximate measurement invariance approach, namely the Alignment Method, was applied. The results suggest that comparisons of latent means across all years can be made. Consequently, it is possible to make meaningful comparisons of overall indices of dimensions (batteries) and of more general domains. However, not all the individual items can be compared. The results confirm that the biggest risk of invariance is caused by conceptual changes to items and by substantial or frequent modifications to item wording. Conversely, the results also show that a conceptual change to an entire dimension may not necessarily cause any problem on the general level, and that a disruption of invariance caused by changes to the range of scales used can be rectified by means of their harmonisation ex post. keywords: SQWLi, subjective quality of working life, exact and approximate measurement invariance, alignment method Sociologický časopis/Czech Sociological Review, 2021, Vol . 57, No . 3: 343–375 https://doi .org/10 .13060/csr .2020 .048 * Acknowledgements: This work was supported by European Structural and Investments Funds, Operational Programme Research, Development and Education, project reg. no. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001796. ** Direct all correspondence to: Jiří Vinopal, Institute of Sociology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Jilská 1, 110 00 Prague 1, e-mail: Jiri.Vinopal@soc.cas.cz; Kristýna Pospíšilová, Institute of Sociology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Jilská 1, 110 00 Prague 1, e-mail: kristyna. pospisilova@soc.cas.cz. Sociologický časopis/Czech Sociological Review, 2021, Vol. 57, No. 3 344 The SQWLi questionnaire was developed for the long-term measurement of subjectively perceived quality of working life. It is to be used (primarily) to produce time series of various indices of working-life quality and its partial dimensions or domains. A critical part of the observation of any social phenomenon over time is equivalent method. This study seeks to examine whether measurement invariance and consequently also the comparability of data in a time series are adversely affected","PeriodicalId":45665,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66170990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slovak Discussions about Media: An Analysis of the Discussants' Normativity","authors":"T. Profant","doi":"10.13060/csr.2020.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13060/csr.2020.043","url":null,"abstract":"There have been a number of organised discussions about the media in Slovakia in recent times. This study analyses them to find answers to several research questions. One question is: who took part in the discussions about the media in the period this analysis focused on in 2018? Interviews with the organisers of these discussions offered a partial answer to the question of what kind of discursive strategies they used in determining the hegemonic discourse that emerges from these discussions. The article's theoretical starting point is Foucault's question about 'Who is speaking?' as an important element of the archaeology of knowledge. The analysis was conducted by counting the frequency of public normative official affiliations the guests and moderators had in the discussions and performing a qualitative content analysis of the interviews carried out with the organisers. The analysis revealed that most of the participants were politically centrist subjects from centrist parties, the liberal and conservative media, and non-governmental organisations critical of the extremes in the media landscape. The discursive strategies analysed included procedures of exclusion based on the distinction between reason and madness, media routine, and the valuing of objectivity and respect toward the deceased over balance. However, balance is still an acknowledged value and could become the basis for more plural discussions, given that the respondents claimed that they have no problem with differences of opinion.","PeriodicalId":45665,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"639-664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72618517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the Concept of academic futility in Czech secondary education","authors":"J. Straková, P. Soukup, J. Simonová","doi":"10.13060/csr.2020.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13060/csr.2020.042","url":null,"abstract":"International research shows that the concept of academic futility is a promising one for studying the mechanisms that cause differences in educational outcomes in general and vocational secondary school programmes. Given that there are large differences between general and vocational programmes in the Czech education system, in terms of the content of education, the conditions of education, student composition, and learning outcomes, it is important to take a deeper look at the causes of these differences. The aim of this paper is to test the original, three-dimensional version of the concept of academic futility at Czech secondary schools. The concept was tested on data obtained from a sample of 4857 students from 29 grammar schools and 90 secondary technical schools who attended the third year of secondary school in the school year 2018/2019. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good model fit with the data for the one-level (student level) and two-level (student and class level) concepts. Measurement invariance was evaluated for different eduational tracks. The potential of using a two-level concept for research on the educational pathways of Czech secondary school students attending various educational programmes is discussed.","PeriodicalId":45665,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"599-618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88764500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Transnational Migrants Integrate: The Case of Moldovans Living in Czechia and Italy","authors":"E. Janská, Jiří Hasman, Z. Čermák","doi":"10.13060/CSR.2020.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13060/CSR.2020.011","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines whether the social, cultural, or economic dimensions of integration into a receiving society have the effect of intensifying or weakening transnational ties to a migrant’s country of origin. The article is based on an analysis of unique data gathered in a questionnaire survey conducted among 409 Moldovan migrants living in Italy and Czechia and resident there for more than one year. Transnational and integration indices were constructed in order to investigate the relationships between selected characteristics of the respondents. The analysis reveals that greater socio-cultural integration is accompanied by weaker transnational practices, where key roles are played by the length of stay and age upon arrival. This is found to apply to Moldovans in both countries, although a slightly more positive relationship is observed between Italian Moldovans’ economic integration and transnationalism, suggesting that economic resources facilitate the maintenance and development of cross-border networks. keywords: transnationalism, integration, Moldovans, Italy, Czechia Sociologický časopis/Czech Sociological Review, 2021, Vol . 57, No . 3: 267–292 https://doi .org/10 .13060/csr .2020 .011","PeriodicalId":45665,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48928041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'You Have to Work and Obey': Prisons, the Suppression of Autonomy, and Responsibilisation of Persons in and Released from Prison","authors":"J. Mertl","doi":"10.13060/csr.2020.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13060/csr.2020.017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45665,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66170567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age Homophily on a Czech Online Dating Site","authors":"Renata Topinkova, Markéta Šetinová","doi":"10.13060/CSR.2020.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13060/CSR.2020.014","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines age homophily on a Czech online dating site using real user data. With a sample of 10 563 unique users and the aid of negative binomial regression, we test two hypotheses based on previous studies of online dating - namely, that men and women show different partner preferences with respect to age and that women in particular favour age homophily in their contacts. The model results support these hypotheses. Men are observed to prefer younger women, while women prefer men who are the same age or older than they are. Given that there are significantly fewer women on the dating site, they are the ones who choose, and the pairing result depends on whether they respond to a contact or not. The youngest women are contacted by men of all ages. Although men contact much younger women, they have a better chance of success with older women. Our conclusions are thus consistent with international research on homophily in the online environment and to some extent the results correspond to patterns of age homogamy in the Czech Republic. Unlike international research, however, the attractiveness of Czech men is found to decrease as they age.","PeriodicalId":45665,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review","volume":"48 1","pages":"447-470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80152291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change and the Transition Movement in Eastern Europe: The Case of Czech Permaculture","authors":"M. Kolářová","doi":"10.13060/csr.2020.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13060/csr.2020.022","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on a grassroots community movement addressing climate change: the transnational Transition (Towns) movement. While this movement has mainly spread to Anglophone countries, it is almost entirely absent from Eastern Europe and the Czech Republic in particular. The aim of this paper is to explain why the Transition movement—a grassroots community initiative—has not been successfully adopted in the post-socialist Czech Republic, and why the issue of climate change has not become an important frame for the local permaculture movement which introduced the idea of Transition to the country. The paper presents an analysis of ideological frames and framing processes of the local movement. Reasons identified for the movement’s absence from the Czech Republic include the fact that it was largely overshadowed by the broader post-socialist transformation in Eastern Europe, that there was little public awareness of climate change and no real culture of community organising in the post-socialist period, and that a strong climate scepticism was promoted by Czech political elites. Other reasons relate to the ideological frames of the local permaculture movement, which is centred more on prognostic and mobilising frames, combined with a positive agenda and an emphasis on practical activities, and revolves around individualised strategies and frames in which permaculture and a nature religion (Anastasian spirituality) are linked to the concept of a ‘family homestead’. The research draws on in-depth interviews with permaculture practitioners, media analysis, the study of documents, and participant observation.","PeriodicalId":45665,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review","volume":"74 1","pages":"363-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75412023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}