Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports最新文献

{"title":"Hybrid interventional radiological and surgical approach to treat biliary obstruction post Kasai portoenterostomy: A case report","authors":"Anand Dhatt ,&nbsp;Ravjot Dhatt ,&nbsp;Erik D. Skarsgard ,&nbsp;Manraj K.S. Heran","doi":"10.1016/j.epsc.2025.103116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsc.2025.103116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Kasai procedure is used in the management of biliary atresia. Complications can include stricturing at anastomoses which can result in impeded bile flow and subsequently ascending cholangitis that requires management.</div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>We present a case of a 4-year old with multiple episodes of ascending cholangitis in the context of prior Kasai portoenterostomy at day 56 of life for non-syndromic biliary atresia. After prolonged hospital admission, imaging in the form of US and MR-cholangiopancreatography showed an obliterated portoenterostomy. A combined surgical and Interventional Radiology approach was utilized in the form of the surgical creation of a loop jejunostomy within the Roux limb and then traversing of the portoenterostomy under fluoroscopy to dilate the stricture and place an internal-external biliary drain. Subsequently, the patient's hyperbilirubinemia resolved with no further episodes of ascending cholangitis in 3 years of follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A hybrid, percutaneous and surgical approach is a feasible option to restore bile flow in patients post-Kasai who develop delayed cholestasis due to obliteration of the portoenterostomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 103116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type III pleuropulmonary blastoma in a toddler: a case report","authors":"Binyam Mulatu Habte ,&nbsp;Yoseph Mulatu Habte ,&nbsp;Esimael Musema Abdu ,&nbsp;Mintesnot Fitretu Zeberga ,&nbsp;Abay Gosaye Wondimu ,&nbsp;Yonas Girma Shumiye","doi":"10.1016/j.epsc.2025.103115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsc.2025.103115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is an exceptionally rare and aggressive pediatric thoracic malignancy, accounting for less than 1 % of childhood lung tumors. Its nonspecific respiratory presentation often mimics common conditions, leading to delayed recognition, particularly in resource-limited settings.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 2.5-year-old female with progressive respiratory distress since infancy managed as recurrent pneumonias without improvement was admitted to our hospital. She was tachypneic with absent air entry over the right hemithorax. Laboratory studies revealed leukocytosis and anemia. A contrast-enhanced chest computerized tomography (CT) showed a large heterogeneously enhancing right lower lobe mass with necrotic foci, encasement of hilar broncho-vascular structures, associated pleural and pericardial effusions, and mediastinal shift suspicious for a malignant process. Brain magnetic resonance (MRI) and abdominal CT were done to assess for metastasis and were normal. Given the child's critical condition, upfront surgical resection was undertaken without preoperative biopsy or neoadjuvant therapy. We did a right thoracotomy and found a large, encapsulated mass arising from the right lower lobe, which was excised via a lobectomy. Histopathology confirmed a type III pleuropulmonary blastoma, demonstrating sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells with pleomorphism and necrosis. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery and was subsequently referred to a specialized oncology center for adjuvant chemotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Pleuropulmonary blastoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of toddlers who present with recurrent or persistent respiratory symptoms that fail to improve with standard therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 103115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laparoscopic gastroduodenal anastomosis (Billroth I) for the management of type II pyloric atresia in Carmi syndrome: a case report","authors":"Joel Cazares ,&nbsp;Jorge Colín-Garnica ,&nbsp;Eduardo de la Rosa-Bustamante ,&nbsp;Rubi Beatriz Martínez-Carmona ,&nbsp;Arturo Guillen-Cárdenas ,&nbsp;Jorge Alberto Cantú-Reyes","doi":"10.1016/j.epsc.2025.103113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsc.2025.103113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Pyloric atresia accounts for less than 1 % of all congenital intestinal obstructions, with an estimated incidence of 1:100,000 live births. Its association with epidermolysis bullosa, known as Carmi syndrome, is rare but well documented. Minimally invasive techniques can be employed in the surgical management of complex neonatal conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>A male neonate was delivered vaginally at 35 weeks of gestation to a 16-year-old mother, with reported consanguinity between the parents. At birth, he presented with widespread bullous skin lesions involving the extremities, thorax, and face, along with a positive Nikolsky sign, findings that raised strong suspicion for epidermolysis bullosa. Birth weight was 2000 g, and no resuscitative maneuvers were required.</div><div>Following the initiation of enteral feeding, the patient developed non-bilious vomiting. Abdominal radiography showed a single gastric bubble with absence of distal gas. A contrast study confirmed gastric outlet obstruction. Endoscopy on day three revealed complete pyloric occlusion and mucosal fragility. A laparoscopic procedure was performed, confirming type II pyloric atresia. A Laparoscopic gastroduodenostomy (Billroth I) was successfully carried out without intraoperative complications. Postoperative contrast imaging confirmed adequate anastomotic patency. Unfortunately, the patient developed sepsis due to extensive skin involvement and died on postoperative day three.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Minimally invasive gastroduodenal anastomosis (Billroth I) seems to be technically feasible in newborns with pyloric atresia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 103113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ileal arteriovenous malformation in an adolescent: A case report","authors":"Daniel Gulko ,&nbsp;Ryan Thibodeau ,&nbsp;Travis Bevington ,&nbsp;Mary Christina Whyte","doi":"10.1016/j.epsc.2025.103114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsc.2025.103114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the gastrointestinal tract are rare congenital vascular anomalies, particularly in the pediatric population.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A previously healthy 16-year-old male, with a past medical history of mild intermittent asthma and iron deficiency anemia presented with acute non-bilious vomiting and periumbilical abdominal pain without peritonitis. Initial abdominal radiography showed several grouped, round calcifications in the left lower quadrant. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a thickened loop of small bowel with calcifications. Focused ultrasonography demonstrated thickened loops of bowel that contained color Doppler flow, and several shadowing echogenic foci. His symptoms resolved spontaneously, and he was discharged home with a plan for potential elective surgery. He presented to the hospital 11 days later with abdominal pain and was taken to the operating room for an exploratory laparoscopy. We found a 13-cm vascular lesion in the ileum. We made a small periumbilical incision, eviscerated and resected the ileum containing the vascular lesion and did an end-to-end anastomosis. The postoperative course was uneventful, and he was discharged home on postoperative day two. The histology was consistent with an AVM, with dilated thick and thin-walled vessels and scattered calcifications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>AVM of the small bowel should be included in the differential diagnosis of children who develop abdominal pain and have localized abdominal calcifications and localized bowel wall thickening on imaging studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 103114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracheal compression secondary to a bronchogenic cyst in an 18-year-old male: a case report","authors":"Shruthi Srinivas ,&nbsp;Nicholas A. Zumberge ,&nbsp;Ashley L. Miller ,&nbsp;Jennifer MacDonald ,&nbsp;Jennifer H. Aldrink ,&nbsp;Sara A. Mansfield","doi":"10.1016/j.epsc.2025.103112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsc.2025.103112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Asthma is the most common pediatric respiratory disease; however, misdiagnosis is steadily increasing. Identification of surgically managed conditions with similar symptoms is essential to ensuring timely management.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>An 18-year-old healthy male was diagnosed with asthma after visits to the pediatrician and Emergency Department for cough and shortness of breath. For several weeks, he was prescribed antibiotics, prednisone, albuterol, and fluticasone without improvement. He acutely worsened and presented with respiratory distress attributed to status asthmaticus. He required emergent intubation, which was difficult given resistance when advancing the endotracheal tube (ETT). Cross-sectional imaging with computed tomography demonstrated a large superior mediastinal cystic mass with tracheal compression distal to the ETT. After transfer to our facility, he acutely decompensated with worsening ventilatory needs and hypotension requiring vasopressors. After a multidisciplinary discussion, he was brought to the operating room for aspiration of the mass and rigid bronchoscopy. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage of the mass was achieved with immediate improvement in his tidal volumes and evidence of alleviated obstruction on bronchoscopy. He was weaned from respiratory support and extubated postoperatively. A drain contrast study demonstrated no connection to the esophagus or trachea and showed tracheal compression with instillation of contrast into the cavity. Ultimately, he underwent definitive resection of the mass and has had excellent functional recovery. Pathology confirmed a congenital bronchogenic cyst.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Bronchogenic cysts can cause airway compression, which may present as new asthma-like symptoms. They can even cause acute airway obstruction. Bronchogenic cysts should be promptly ruled out in patients who develop new asthma-like symptoms but fail to respond to standard treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 103112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giant pubic keloid in a 6-year-old male: a case report","authors":"Tarek Abdelazeem Sabra ,&nbsp;Eiman Yassir Musa Hussain ,&nbsp;Nour Eldin Ali Thabet ,&nbsp;Sarah Magdy Abdelmohsen","doi":"10.1016/j.epsc.2025.103109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsc.2025.103109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Keloids are benign fibroproliferative scars resulting from abnormal wound healing. While frequently affecting the chest, shoulders, and earlobes, their occurrence in the suprapubic or genital region of children is exceedingly rare.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 6-year-old male who developed a several-cm long and wide keloid extending from the suprapubic region to the base of the penis following a left inguinal hernia repair. The wound of the hernia repair had initially healed well. The keloid was initially noted within 2 months post-surgery and became larger and symptomatic during the following year. There were no signs of infection, ulceration, or urinary difficulty. The patient was taken electively to the operating room. We did a complete surgical excision with a closure in multiple layers. After the operation he underwent cutaneous injections of triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg/mL, 0.5 mL per session) monthly for three months. The postoperative recovery was uneventful, and no recurrence has been observed at 18 months of follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Surgical resection plus cutaneous steroid injection appears to be a safe and effective treatment for giant keloids that may develop after the repair of inguinal hernias.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 103109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular malformation of small bowel causing iron deficiency anemia in a child: case report","authors":"Chibehew Lante Kebede,&nbsp;Biniyam Gebremedhin Godu,&nbsp;Ephrem Nidaw Kerego,&nbsp;Zelalem assefa semegn,&nbsp;Ayanesh Yihune Sewenet,&nbsp;Wondwosen Alemu","doi":"10.1016/j.epsc.2025.103106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsc.2025.103106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Vascular malformations of the small bowel in children are extremely rare and often present with nonspecific symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 7-year-old male presented with one year of progressive easy fatigability and a single episode of bright red rectal bleeding. Laboratory evaluation showed microcytic hypochromic anemia with a hemoglobin value of 6.5 g/dL, requiring a transfusion of packed red blood cells. The rectal exam was normal. Imaging studies, including abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, and magnetic resonance angiography, identified a 5× 7 x 3-cm lobulated, low-flow vascular malformation in the small bowel. The patient was taken to the operating room for an exploratory laparotomy, which was done through a midline incision. We found a 5 x 6-cm vascular malformation on a jejunal loop, 40 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz. The malformation appeared to involve the entire circumference of the affected jejunal segment. We resected the jejunal segment that contained the vascular malformation including 1 extra cm of healthy-appearing jejunum on each side, and did an end-to-end anastomosis. The postoperative recovery was uneventful. Enteral feedings were started on the second postoperative day, and he was discharged home on the fourth postoperative day. The histopathological analysis was consistent with a vascular malformation with dilated blood vessels. At one-month follow-up he showed resolution of the anemia and had no recurrence of symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Vascular malformations can involve the small bowel and be the source of occult or obvious gastrointestinal bleeding. They should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children who develop iron deficiency anemia of unknown etiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 103106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incarcerated umbilical cord hernia: a case report","authors":"Mohammed Alra'e ,&nbsp;Maaweya Jabareen ,&nbsp;Wasef Alhroub ,&nbsp;Radwan Abukarsh","doi":"10.1016/j.epsc.2025.103107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsc.2025.103107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Congenital hernia of the umbilical cord (CHUC) is a rare developmental anomaly that results from the incomplete return of the midgut into the abdominal cavity during fetal development. It is often misdiagnosed as a small omphalocele and may be associated with serious gastrointestinal complications, although such occurrences are infrequently reported in the literature.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 4-day-old male neonate was brought due to bilious emesis, abdominal distension, and failure to pass meconium since birth. The perinatal history was unremarkable, but detailed ultrasonography had not been performed. Postnatally, the patient had poor sucking and intolerance to breastfeeding. Initial examination revealed an incarcerated umbilical cord hernia. The abdomen was markedly distended with full flanks, shiny erythematous skin, and tenderness with guarding, raising suspicion for a bowel perforation and peritonitis. Reduction of the hernia was not attempted. Radiographic imaging revealed pneumoperitoneum. The patient was taken for an emergency exploratory laparotomy, which was done through a transverse supraumbilical (infraumbilical, please see the figure) incision. We found a congenital hernia of the umbilical cord (CHUC), a segment of ileum incarcerated in the CHUC that had a Meckel's diverticulum, was necrotic and had two sites of perforation. We resected the necrotic segment which was 24 cm long, and did a primary end-to-end anastomosis. Enteral feedings with formula were initiated on postoperative day 5 and fully tolerated by the postoperative day 10. The patient was discharged in stable condition on the 16th day of life.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Umbilical cord hernias are generally benign malformations but can occasionally become incarcerated, causing intestinal obstruction and even intestinal necrosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 103107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small bowel intussusceptions secondary to Ascaris lumbricoides in a child: a case report","authors":"Hana Abebe Gebreselassie,&nbsp;Zelalem Assefa Semegn,&nbsp;Ephrem Nidaw Kergo,&nbsp;Chibhaew Lante Kebede,&nbsp;Ayanesh Yihune Sewenet","doi":"10.1016/j.epsc.2025.103108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsc.2025.103108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Intussusception is one of the most common causes of bowel obstruction in children. Most cases are idiopathic without a pathological lead point, and only about 5 % have an identifiable cause, with Meckel's diverticulum being the most frequent. Ascaris worms are an exceptionally rare lead point in pediatric intussusception.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 10-year-old girl presented with a one-day history of crampy abdominal pain and frequent episodes of bilious vomiting. On examination, she was in pain, tachycardic (140 bpm), had dry mucous membranes, but was normotensive and afebrile. Abdominal examination was unremarkable except for diffuse pain. Laboratory evaluations were all within normal limits. Abdominal ultrasound showed a 10-cm-long small bowel to small bowel intussusception, 4 cm in diameter, with multiple non-mobile intraluminal objects, suspicious for ascaris lumbricoides. Following fluid resuscitation, the patient was taken to the operating room for an emergency exploratory laparotomy. We eviscerated the bowel and found that the intussusception had already spontaneously reduced. The involved bowel, which was a segment of the jejunum, was erythematous and edematous. The bowel was distended and filled with what seemed to be worms. We did a longitudinal enterotomy and found a conglomerate of ascaris lumbricoides, which we believe served as the pathologic lead point for the intussusception. All the worms were removed and the enterotomy was closed transversely in two layers. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery and was discharged home on the 5th postoperative day, on albendazole therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although rare, <em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em> should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children who develop small bowel-to-small bowel intussusception.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 103108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Appendiceal Crohn's disease presenting with urinary symptoms: a case report” [J Pediatr Surg Case Rep 121 (2025) 103083]","authors":"Monalisa Attif Hassan ,&nbsp;Katherine A. Lin ,&nbsp;Patricio Gargollo ,&nbsp;Michael Stephens ,&nbsp;Nathan Hull ,&nbsp;Denise B. Klinkner","doi":"10.1016/j.epsc.2025.103105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsc.2025.103105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 103105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}