KRITIKA-EXPLORATIONS IN RUSSIAN AND EURASIAN HISTORY最新文献

{"title":"David Joravsky (1925–2020)","authors":"J. Bushnell, S. Fitzpatrick","doi":"10.1353/kri.2023.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2023.0027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45639,"journal":{"name":"KRITIKA-EXPLORATIONS IN RUSSIAN AND EURASIAN HISTORY","volume":"24 1","pages":"451 - 459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44911226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connections between 18th-Century Russian and European Culture","authors":"I. A. Abramkin","doi":"10.1353/kri.2023.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2023.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Both of the books reviewed here share commonalities not only in their essaycollection format but also in their subject (cultural interactions between Russia and Europe in the 18th century). Russian-language scholarly work on this problem in the field of art history owes much to the pioneering research of D. V. Sarab ́ianov, who studied 19th-century Russian painting in the context of European schools.1 Before this book, scholars of art tended to consider Russian and European art in isolation from one another. Sarab ́ianov aimed both to identify the general features of artistic processes common to both and to reveal the national specifics of concrete phenomena; in the process, he uncovered a variety of links among different traditions, inaugurating a methodologically novel approach. He considered not only general problems (the specifics of Russian Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, and Modernism in the European context) but more specific ones as well (comparing artists of A. G. Venetsianov’s circle and German Biedermeier art, A. A. Ivanov and the","PeriodicalId":45639,"journal":{"name":"KRITIKA-EXPLORATIONS IN RUSSIAN AND EURASIAN HISTORY","volume":"24 1","pages":"403 - 411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43518749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Millions of Living Dead: Fugitives, the Polish Border, and 18th-Century Russian Society","authors":"Evgenii Akelev, A. Gornostaev","doi":"10.1353/kri.2023.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2023.0016","url":null,"abstract":"In 1761, Mikhail Lomonosov astutely noted that among other causes of population loss in Russia—such as diseases, murders, and accidents—was the issue of the “living dead” (zhivye pokoiniki): “From border provinces, people leave for other countries, especially for Poland, and, as a result, the Russian Crown loses its subjects.” He subsequently compared the RussoPolish border to a “great hole [velikaia skvazhina] that was impossible to seal” to prevent ordinary people from slipping out of the country. Some fled because of seigniorial demands and conscription, while others, affected by the Schism, moved to the Polish town of Vietka. Finally, he proposed that the Russian government should alleviate the tax burden and eliminate conscription to make borderland residents less likely to flee and use troops to bring the “living dead” back to the empire.1 Lomonosov’s concern with population loss was widely shared by his contemporaries and further accentuated by several official reports that mentioned “over a million people”","PeriodicalId":45639,"journal":{"name":"KRITIKA-EXPLORATIONS IN RUSSIAN AND EURASIAN HISTORY","volume":"24 1","pages":"269 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43400569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slavic Seiðr? Reconsidering the Volkhvy of Northern Rus´","authors":"Jay T. Bell","doi":"10.1353/kri.2023.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2023.0015","url":null,"abstract":"In the Primary Chronicle’s entry for 1071 CE (6579 in the chronicler’s reckoning of the years since Creation), the reader learns that volkhvy (sorcerers, sing. volkhv) led a rebellion against ecclesiastical and secular authorities across Rus ́.1 The following events occurred: a volkhv appeared in Kiev and convinced the populace that within five years, the Dnieper River would run backward and various countries, like Greece and Rus ́, would change geographic positions; near Rostov, two magicians supposedly led a crowd of onlookers in the murder of several women, potentially as a sacrifice, to stave off a famine; the same magicians then moved to Beloozero, where they and their supporters fought a pitched battle against princely forces before they were captured and executed; a Novgorodian man went out from the city and found a Chud ́ sorcerer to help him divine his future; and, finally, a Novgorodian magician led an armed rebellion against the bishop, which was ultimately put down by the city’s prince, Gleb.2 The chronicler’s fascination with sorcery during the year 1071 has traditionally been read as pointing to (a) the anxieties of a fragile Christian hierarchy insistent on its own supremacy over the continued popularity and subversive potential of indigenous beliefs; and (b) a description of a local rebellion against the political authority of the Varangian princes.3 1 The Primary Chronicle here is a shorthand for the collection of records known as Povest ́ vremennykh let (henceforth PVL), typically anglicized as The Tale of Bygone Years, a text that was compiled, rewritten, and altered in several stages over the 11th and 12th centuries. For the purposes of this article, I follow the standardized version in D. S. Likhachev and V. P. Adrianova-Peretts, eds., Povest ́ vremennykh let, 2 vols. (Moscow: Akademiia nauk SSSR, 1950). All translations in this article are my own. 2 PVL 1:116–21. Additional depictions of magic can be found in entries for the years 912, 1024, 1044, and 1091. 3 Additional readings of the volkhvy in the PVL can be found in Rachel May, “The Power of Speech: Dialogue as History in the Russian Primary Chronicle,” in Dialogue and Critical","PeriodicalId":45639,"journal":{"name":"KRITIKA-EXPLORATIONS IN RUSSIAN AND EURASIAN HISTORY","volume":"24 1","pages":"245 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46837413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State Power, Social Life, and Russian Nobles in the 18th Century","authors":"E. Wirtschafter","doi":"10.1353/kri.2023.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2023.0020","url":null,"abstract":"The Europeanized elite, the Russian nobility, the provincial nobility, the court nobility, elite and lesser nobles, hereditary and service nobles, landowning and landless nobles, educated society (obshchestvo or publika), and “people of various ranks” (raznochintsy)—these familiar terms illustrate the multiplicity of social realities that defined Russia’s educated and service classes in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Historians and literary scholars long have understood that the Russian elite cannot be equated solely with the service and/or landowning nobilities. Merchants and educated non-noble servicemen, though bounded by institutions such as serfdom and the Petrine Table of Ranks, also aspired to the legal and cultural status of hereditary noble. Whatever the economic circumstances and cultural accretions attained by upwardly mobile individuals, hereditary nobility writ large remained the primary embodiment of the state-initiated project of Europeanization. The significant number of unrequited claimants to noble status illustrates the dynamics of aspiration: 560 out of 1,000 petitioners seeking to enter military service with noble rights in 1820; 3,215 petitioners seeking confirmation of noble status by the Ministry of Justice in 1845 (compared to 3,332 who were","PeriodicalId":45639,"journal":{"name":"KRITIKA-EXPLORATIONS IN RUSSIAN AND EURASIAN HISTORY","volume":"24 1","pages":"381 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46401896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patriotism and Culture during World War I","authors":"C. M. Moore","doi":"10.1353/kri.2023.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2023.0024","url":null,"abstract":"During World War I, Russian officials seemed obsessed with assessing popular moods. The police were required to compile monthly reports that summarized the moods of the population under their jurisdiction, in addition to the separate incident reports that documented criminal activities.1 Starting in October 1915, the Ministry of the Interior ordered the empire’s provincial gendarme administrations (the secret police) to fill out a monthly questionnaire that solicited Russian subjects’ attitudes on a wide variety of issues connected with the war effort: the food supply situation, the resettlement of refugees, the presence of prisoners-of-war in the rear, and the spread of the cooperative movement, to name just a few.2","PeriodicalId":45639,"journal":{"name":"KRITIKA-EXPLORATIONS IN RUSSIAN AND EURASIAN HISTORY","volume":"24 1","pages":"425 - 436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43813755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coping with Disaster: History and Historians in the Wake of War","authors":"Jay T. Bell, Evgenii Akelev, A. Gornostaev, Maureen Perrie, Clemens Günther, F. Schenk, E. Wirtschafter, Maike Lehmann, I. A. Abramkin, D. Beer, C. M. Moore, Francis King, Olena Palko, J. Bushnell, S. Fitzpatrick","doi":"10.1353/kri.2023.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2023.0014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45639,"journal":{"name":"KRITIKA-EXPLORATIONS IN RUSSIAN AND EURASIAN HISTORY","volume":"24 1","pages":"239 - 244 - 245 - 268 - 269 - 297 - 299 - 320 - 321 - 348 - 349 - 380 - 381 - 389 - 391 - 402 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45697661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marxists in a Declining Empire","authors":"F. King","doi":"10.1353/kri.2023.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2023.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Histories of the “Russian” Revolution have often either largely ignored developments in the periphery of the empire altogether or appended them to the main narrative as interesting case studies of secondary importance. The major all-Russia parties (the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party [RSDRP], the factions of the Party of Socialist Revolutionaries, the Constitutional Democrats, etc.) have been comprehensively studied in the literature, and the relations among them have been exhaustively analyzed. However, the smaller parties of the nonRussian national minorities, their relationships with one another and with the major all-Russia parties have received considerably less attention. Before the collapse of the USSR in 1991, in Soviet historiography the revolution in the non-Russian periphery was presented almost exclusively as the story of how the local Bolsheviks won power. In this narrative, the Bolsheviks’ rivals, whether all-Russia or regional/national parties, were generally depicted as amorphously “petty-bourgeois” or “counterrevolutionary,” and the details of their ideas were almost never explored. In English-language works of that time, only the revolutionary process in Ukraine could have been said to have a “historiography,” produced mainly by diaspora scholars.1 Since 1991, the newly independent former union republics have had","PeriodicalId":45639,"journal":{"name":"KRITIKA-EXPLORATIONS IN RUSSIAN AND EURASIAN HISTORY","volume":"24 1","pages":"437 - 444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43846773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissecting Post-Soviet Memory Politics","authors":"Mischa Gabowitsch","doi":"10.1353/kri.2023.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2023.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Founded in 2018, the Center for the Study of Cultural Memory and Symbolic Politics—part of the History Department at St. Petersburg’s European University—has already produced an impressive output of original and translated monographs as well as collections of articles. This anthology, compiled by Aleksei Miller and Dmitrii Efremenko, is probably its most significant contribution to date, and certainly the most voluminous. It attests to the increasing institutionalization of memory studies and related fields such as public history in Russia, which have come a long way since an earlier wave of publications in the 2000s that was dominated by translations from other languages.1 The bulk of the volume is made up of empirical studies of different mnemonic actors, contexts, themes, and genres in Russia and several neighboring countries. Almost invariably well researched and amply documented, the chapters present up-to-date insights on a large variety of topics. Some of these have long been objects of international scholarly attention, such as the role of the Russian Orthodox Church in memory politics, discussed by Marlène Laruelle. Others are only beginning to attract serious interest. These include the Last Address initiative to commemorate victims of Stalinist terror,","PeriodicalId":45639,"journal":{"name":"KRITIKA-EXPLORATIONS IN RUSSIAN AND EURASIAN HISTORY","volume":"24 1","pages":"231 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44354302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Studies on Early Rus´ Chronicles","authors":"D. Ostrowski","doi":"10.1353/kri.2023.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2023.0005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45639,"journal":{"name":"KRITIKA-EXPLORATIONS IN RUSSIAN AND EURASIAN HISTORY","volume":"24 1","pages":"151 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47014393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}