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Beyond the Mighty Projectile Point: Techno-functional Study in a Late Pleistocene Artifact, Pilauco Site, Osorno, Northwestern Chilean Patagonia 超越强大的抛射点:一件晚更新世器物的技术功能研究，皮劳科遗址，Osorno，智利西北部巴塔哥尼亚
IF 1.7 3区 社会学
Lithic Technology Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1080/01977261.2021.1958133
Antonio Pérez-Balarezo, Ximena Navarro-Harris, E. Böeda, Mario Pino
{"title":"Beyond the Mighty Projectile Point: Techno-functional Study in a Late Pleistocene Artifact, Pilauco Site, Osorno, Northwestern Chilean Patagonia","authors":"Antonio Pérez-Balarezo, Ximena Navarro-Harris, E. Böeda, Mario Pino","doi":"10.1080/01977261.2021.1958133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2021.1958133","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Pilauco site, in northwestern Chilean Patagonia, presents evidence of human occupation in South America ca. 16,500 cal yr BP. This article presents the techno-functional analysis of a unifacial artifact belonging to a 17,300 cal yr BP level, found in association with five other lithic pieces. Artifacts of this type have long been considered expedient rather than formal or curated pieces. These artifacts remain in the shadow of bifacial pieces, particularly so-called projectile points. The results of the techno-functional analysis made it possible to diagnose the unifacial artifact as a plano-convex volumetric structure with two parallel backs, on which two different tools were produced at different manufacturing stages via the technical operations of affordance, debitage, and shaping. The detailed description of this type of artifact is crucial for a more complete definition of the technical phenomena associated with the first occupations in South America.","PeriodicalId":45597,"journal":{"name":"Lithic Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":"83 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01977261.2021.1958133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48367790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Can One See the Wood for the Trees in Prehistoric Egypt? A Study of Fayum Neolithic Axes 在史前埃及，人们能以木换木吗？法尤姆新石器时代斧头研究
IF 1.7 3区 社会学
Lithic Technology Pub Date : 2021-07-16 DOI: 10.1080/01977261.2021.1946289
N. Shirai
{"title":"Can One See the Wood for the Trees in Prehistoric Egypt? A Study of Fayum Neolithic Axes","authors":"N. Shirai","doi":"10.1080/01977261.2021.1946289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2021.1946289","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Fayum has been known as the oldest center of cereal cultivation in prehistoric Egypt. How Egypt’s earliest Neolithic farmers lived a life is still a subject of controversy. This article focuses on Neolithic stone axes from Kom W, the type site of the Fayum Neolithic. These axes were collected and insufficiently published by the British archaeologist Gertrude Caton-Thompson in the early twentieth century, and are presently stored in the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology at University College London. A new study elucidates how these axes were made, used, repaired and recycled. These axes suggest that there was woody vegetation around Kom W and the inhabitants of this site needed to fell trees and work wood.","PeriodicalId":45597,"journal":{"name":"Lithic Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":"52 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42564821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Confined Pressure Compression Scratches: A New Observation in Lithic Analysis 限压压缩划痕:岩屑分析中的新观察
IF 1.7 3区 社会学
Lithic Technology Pub Date : 2021-05-28 DOI: 10.1080/01977261.2021.1924453
Sofus Stenak
{"title":"Confined Pressure Compression Scratches: A New Observation in Lithic Analysis","authors":"Sofus Stenak","doi":"10.1080/01977261.2021.1924453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2021.1924453","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During the Late Neolithic in southern Scandinavia and northern Germany, flint daggers reached an exceptionally high quality of craftsmanship. The blades of these daggers were pattern flaked using a pressure technique, which has been replicated by several archaeologists and flint knappers. Observations of scratches caused by the pressure flaking technique can be pointed out on the archaeological finds, and explained as a consequence of the holding position. This grants archaeology a new insight into the techniques of the ancient craftsmen and the interaction between the material and the individual. The “confined pressure compression scratches” suggests that a consistent pressure flaking technique was used throughout the late Neolithic in the region, regardless of the dagger morphology. The observations presented in this article can be extended to other pressure flaked lithics of the world.","PeriodicalId":45597,"journal":{"name":"Lithic Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":"13 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01977261.2021.1924453","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45470873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
North American Clovis Point Form and Performance II: An Experimental Assessment of Point, Haft, and Shaft Durability 北美克洛维斯点形式和性能II:点，轴和轴耐久性的实验评估
IF 1.7 3区 社会学
Lithic Technology Pub Date : 2021-05-24 DOI: 10.1080/01977261.2021.1926724
M. Eren, Michelle R. Bebber, D. Wilcox, B. Story, Briggs Buchanan
{"title":"North American Clovis Point Form and Performance II: An Experimental Assessment of Point, Haft, and Shaft Durability","authors":"M. Eren, Michelle R. Bebber, D. Wilcox, B. Story, Briggs Buchanan","doi":"10.1080/01977261.2021.1926724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2021.1926724","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study presents the results of an experimental assessment of Clovis projectile durability, or the ability of Clovis point forms and their hafts to withstand impact damage. This work is the second contribution in a series of experimental studies aimed at shedding light on the functional performance of distinct Clovis point forms. For this experiment we fired seven replica Clovis point forms, representing the average and extremes of observed Clovis form, into wood boards until damaged. The resulting damage to the point, haft lashings, and shaft were recorded on each of the 203 specimens. Statistical comparison of the damage indicated differences among the point forms in the amount of damage to the points, haft lashings, and shafts. We show that these results indicate a broad inverse relationship with penetration capability, suggesting a functional trade-off that may have influenced Paleoindian point design.","PeriodicalId":45597,"journal":{"name":"Lithic Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":"38 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01977261.2021.1926724","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43135555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
A Trampling Experiment to Assess Fractures and Edge Damage in Quarry’s Lithic Assemblages 评价采石场岩屑组合裂缝和边缘损伤的践踏实验
IF 1.7 3区 社会学
Lithic Technology Pub Date : 2021-05-17 DOI: 10.1080/01977261.2021.1926702
Celeste Weitzel, Aitor Sánchez
{"title":"A Trampling Experiment to Assess Fractures and Edge Damage in Quarry’s Lithic Assemblages","authors":"Celeste Weitzel, Aitor Sánchez","doi":"10.1080/01977261.2021.1926702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2021.1926702","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 We present a trampling experiment aimed at evaluating the overall morphological modifications on stone artifacts discarded forming big piles of lithic materials like the ones in intensive quarrying contexts. In this experiment, in contrast with most of the many trampling experiments developed so far, we laid orthoquartzite and silicified limestone artifacts in a nine- layered pile that included cores, flakes, different tools, and chunks. In this research, we focused on breakage and analyzed fracture rates and fracture types. Also, we contrasted the metric characteristics of fractured specimens against the model proposed for trampling fragmentation potential. The preliminary analysis presented for edge damage considered amount, distribution, location, scars width and length, and the identification of pseudo-tools. Results suggest that trampling over lithic artifact piles – a hard, irregular, and highly dynamic substrate – produces very high frequencies of modifications in lithic artifacts especially edge damage, including the production of pseudo-tools.","PeriodicalId":45597,"journal":{"name":"Lithic Technology","volume":"46 1","pages":"286 - 301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01977261.2021.1926702","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42042428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A Review of Splintered Pieces from Two Lithic Assemblages in Mediterranean Europe: Grotta Della Serratura (Marina di Camerota, Italy) and Cueva de Nerja (Málaga, Spain) 欧洲地中海地区两个石器组合的碎片:Grotta Della Serratura (Marina di Camerota，意大利)和Cueva de Nerja (Málaga，西班牙)
IF 1.7 3区 社会学
Lithic Technology Pub Date : 2021-05-14 DOI: 10.1080/01977261.2021.1924477
M. Vadillo Conesa, Giuliana Ricci, Mariel Bencomo Viala, J. E. Aura Tortosa, F. Martini
{"title":"A Review of Splintered Pieces from Two Lithic Assemblages in Mediterranean Europe: Grotta Della Serratura (Marina di Camerota, Italy) and Cueva de Nerja (Málaga, Spain)","authors":"M. Vadillo Conesa, Giuliana Ricci, Mariel Bencomo Viala, J. E. Aura Tortosa, F. Martini","doi":"10.1080/01977261.2021.1924477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2021.1924477","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The interest of this paper lies in the analysis of variability detected within the group of splintered pieces, establishing distinctions within this broad category. A technological and traceological reading has been used for this purpose. These analyses have been applied to two geographically distant, chronologically disparate assemblages, which make up our case study, Grotta della Serratura, (Italy) and Cueva de Nerja (Spain). Addressing these assemblages together has allowed us to compare the different contexts in which they developed. We have found that the presence of these pieces can be correlated with different points in the chaîne opératoire, knapping, retouch or use; they may all be found at the same site or may be the consequence of a single phase. We have taken these sites as the basis for defining the different categories. This work is therefore intended to be used as a reference for researchers studying lithic assemblages containing such pieces.","PeriodicalId":45597,"journal":{"name":"Lithic Technology","volume":"46 1","pages":"270 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01977261.2021.1924477","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59141316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Canaanean Blade Production at Fazael 4 and the Tal`at `Amreh Quarry Fazael 4和Tal ' at ' Amreh采石场的迦南刀片生产
IF 1.7 3区 社会学
Lithic Technology Pub Date : 2021-05-13 DOI: 10.1080/01977261.2021.1924972
Katia Zutovski, S. Bar
{"title":"Canaanean Blade Production at Fazael 4 and the Tal`at `Amreh Quarry","authors":"Katia Zutovski, S. Bar","doi":"10.1080/01977261.2021.1924972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2021.1924972","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study explores the multi-stage specialized production of long and standard Canaanean flint blades for composite sickles in light of recent findings from the Early Bronze Age Canaanean blade workshop at Fazael 4, and the uncovering of a related flint quarry at Tal`at `Amreh Mountain. The new discovery presents a rare opportunity to explore all stages of production from raw material acquisition to the finished Canaanean blades. This study addresses methodological aspects of establishing a link between a quarry and a workshop, efforts invested in flint procurement and transportation, the scale and organization of production, and the economic benefits of the Canaanean blade industry as a specialized production trajectory.","PeriodicalId":45597,"journal":{"name":"Lithic Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":"23 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01977261.2021.1924972","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44925835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Extrapolating Later Acheulian Handaxe Reduction Sequences in South Africa: A Case Study from the Cave of Hearths and Amanzi Springs 南非后期阿舍利手斧还原序列的外推:以炉思洞和阿曼兹泉为例
IF 1.7 3区 社会学
Lithic Technology Pub Date : 2021-05-12 DOI: 10.1080/01977261.2021.1924452
M. Caruana
{"title":"Extrapolating Later Acheulian Handaxe Reduction Sequences in South Africa: A Case Study from the Cave of Hearths and Amanzi Springs","authors":"M. Caruana","doi":"10.1080/01977261.2021.1924452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2021.1924452","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies investigating the production of later Acheulian handaxes in South Africa remain rare. Acheulian assemblages in this region are typically fragmented, which hinders our ability to investigate a full range of manufacturing stages at any one given site. Insights can therefore only be gained through comparative research involving multiple assemblages. To explore this issue, handaxes from Amanzi Springs and Cave of Hearths are contrasted to identify their position within a common reduction continuum. Results suggest that the Amanzi Springs handaxes represent early shaping phases focused on defining bifacial edges, while the Cave of Hearths reflects the later stages of thinning. Multivariate statistical analyses are used to extrapolate reduction trends that provide perspective on how later Acheulian handaxes in South Africa were shaped.","PeriodicalId":45597,"journal":{"name":"Lithic Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01977261.2021.1924452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47161354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Lithic Production in the Final Mesolithic in the Cantabrian Mountains: Levels III and IV at La Uña Cave (León, N Spain) 坎塔布连山脉中石器时代末期的石器生产:La Uña洞穴(León，西班牙北部)的III级和IV级
IF 1.7 3区 社会学
Lithic Technology Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.1080/01977261.2021.1915607
Diego Herrero-Alonso, Natividad Fuertes-Prieto, Antonio Tarriño-Vinagre, Ana Neira-Campos
{"title":"Lithic Production in the Final Mesolithic in the Cantabrian Mountains: Levels III and IV at La Uña Cave (León, N Spain)","authors":"Diego Herrero-Alonso, Natividad Fuertes-Prieto, Antonio Tarriño-Vinagre, Ana Neira-Campos","doi":"10.1080/01977261.2021.1915607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2021.1915607","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The lithic operational chains at the Mesolithic site of La Uña (León, N Spain) have been analysed and reconstructed through a joint study of the raw material provenance and technological characteristics of the assemblage. Differences in the management of each raw material have been observed, and three degrees of integrity of the chaîne opératoire (complete, incomplete and broken) have been differentiated. In addition, two main production targets have been identified: flakes and laminar blanks. Specific operational chains were followed to obtain each one. Differences between the raw materials have also been observed in the main production of blanks, with four groups: exclusively flakes, exclusively blade/bladelets, mixed with preference for blade/bladelets and mixed with preference for flakes.","PeriodicalId":45597,"journal":{"name":"Lithic Technology","volume":"38 23","pages":"236 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01977261.2021.1915607","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41312221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Know-how, or How Knapping Experience Can Affect a Prehistoric Lithic Workshop 技术诀窍，或者说敲击经验如何影响史前石器作坊
IF 1.7 3区 社会学
Lithic Technology Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.1080/01977261.2021.1911207
G. Zorrilla-Revilla, M. Vidal-Cordasco, O. Prado-Nóvoa, Marcos Terradillos-Bernal
{"title":"Know-how, or How Knapping Experience Can Affect a Prehistoric Lithic Workshop","authors":"G. Zorrilla-Revilla, M. Vidal-Cordasco, O. Prado-Nóvoa, Marcos Terradillos-Bernal","doi":"10.1080/01977261.2021.1911207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2021.1911207","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In situ archaeological assemblages are scarce. Most artefacts are affected by post-depositional processes, which complicate the identification of human factors involved in the formation of lithic workshops, such as hand laterality, knapping positions, and knapping expertise. In this regard, experimental archaeology can reproduce past processes to test present hypotheses. In this study, experimental knapping processes were carried out to examine how techniques and methods learned by experience can affect waste flake assemblages. Our results show that, in addition to knapping position, experience affects both flake measurements and spatial distribution. The techniques applied, the knappers’ skill and the control of the application of force all affect spatial flake distribution. However, flakes do not exhibit any preferential orientation, contrary to those affected by some post-depositional factors. The experimental design and results could contribute to the ability to discern Palaeolithic in situ assemblages as well as some human factors that affect their formations.","PeriodicalId":45597,"journal":{"name":"Lithic Technology","volume":"46 1","pages":"221 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01977261.2021.1911207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47236098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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