Journal of Critical Realism最新文献

{"title":"Complexity, trans-immanent systems and morphogenetic régulation: towards a problématique of calibration","authors":"Karim Knio","doi":"10.1080/14767430.2023.2264139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2023.2264139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Critical Realism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135322534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ‘three domains of reality’: do we need them? A reply","authors":"Priscilla Alderson","doi":"10.1080/14767430.2023.2261299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2023.2261299","url":null,"abstract":"Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size AcknowledgementsI thank Leigh Price for helpful comments.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":45557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Critical Realism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135738749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on the roundtable discussion ‘Does critical realism need the concept of three domains of reality?’","authors":"Mervyn Hartwig","doi":"10.1080/14767430.2023.2259671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2023.2259671","url":null,"abstract":"\"Comment on the roundtable discussion ‘Does critical realism need the concept of three domains of reality?’.\" Journal of Critical Realism, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2 Notes1 For a discussion of the difference between orthodox and original critical realism see Hartwig's (2009) article ‘“Orthodox” Critical Realism and the Critical Realist Embrace’ in Journal of Critical Realism 8 (2): 233–257.","PeriodicalId":45557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Critical Realism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135387479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The four C’s model of thematic analysis. A critical realist perspective","authors":"Michalis Christodoulou","doi":"10.1080/14767430.2023.2256109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2023.2256109","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis article provides a critical realist (CR) alternative to the standard approaches to Thematic Analysis (TA) in qualitative research, namely the Braun-Clarke approach (reflexivity while coding themes), the Attride-Sterling approach (clustering basic, global and organizing themes), and Boyatzis' approach (clarifying criteria for assessing the absence/presence of themes in the raw material). In the CR traditions, the experiential themes /inferential themes /dispositional themes and the data/codes/themes distinctions have been proposed recently as the methodological device for answering the question “what is the theme”. The aim of this article is threefold. First, I bring to light the inconsistencies of the non-CR approaches to TA, second, I discuss critically the CR approaches to TA and finally I offer a CR-based approach to TA which builds upon them by introducing specific innovations from social network analysis which make abductive and retroductive reasoning a shareable procedure for answering “what is the theme?”.KEYWORDS: Connectingabstractionthematic analysisrelational mapone-mode network Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":45557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Critical Realism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136235509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Democracy and human nature: a layered system analysis","authors":"Carl Auerbach","doi":"10.1080/14767430.2023.2253608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2023.2253608","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis paper addresses a question posed by the increase of democratic backsliding: whether democracy itself is compatible with human nature. It analyses democracy as a layered system consisting of three levels: the political/institutional, the social/interactional and the psychological/intrapsychic. At each level it uses evolutionary theory to describes features of a ‘light side’ of human nature that makes democracy possible, and of a ‘dark side’ of human nature that leads to democratic backsliding. At the political/institutional level these features are the reduction of reactive aggression and the capacity for the intragroup stranger. At the social/interactional level they are the cultural evolution of cooperative norms and an inclusive group identity. At the psychological/intrapsychic level they are the coherent, continuous positive self-experiences produced by shared positive emotions. However, these mechanisms can misfire at each level, producing the dark side that leads to democratic backsliding.KEYWORDS: Democracydemocratic backslidingcritical realismgroup selection theorycultural evolutioncooperation Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 The terms ‘light side’ and ‘dark side’ are used in this paper as an expository device. Although they do have a binary form, they should not be taken as suggesting that any particular political action can be simply fit into one category or the other. A more nuanced language that is beyond the scope of this footnote to elaborate is based on the big history tradition (Christian Citation2018). According to this tradition, human evolution is the result of collective learning, that is, group collaboration to develop and share concepts and information (Christian Citation2018). Patomaki, elaborates this basic thesis by distinguishing between progressive collective learning and pathological collective learning (Patomäki and Morgan Citation2023). Progressive collective learning involves learning processes that increase the learning capacity of a system, whereas pathological collective learning involves processes that reduce the system’s learning capacity. Put in these terms, the light side of human nature is the processes that increase our species capacity to collaborate, and the dark side is processes that reduce this capacity.2 A standard critical realist concept of structure and levels involves their ontology. A high-level structure exists when it emerges from complex interactions between activities of the entities constituting that structure. The higher-level structure then acts on its constituents by means of downward causation (Bhaskar Citation2016). Archer’s morphogenetic theory offers an example of this when Archer opposes analysing social structure as nothing but a global description of the agents who occupy that structure (Archer and Morgan Citation2020). My own view is that the levels theorized in this paper are emergent from the levels below them","PeriodicalId":45557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Critical Realism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134911933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical realism as a fruitful approach to social work research as illustrated by two studies from the field of child and family welfare","authors":"Vibeke Samsonsen, Inger Kristin Heggdalsvik","doi":"10.1080/14767430.2023.2251238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2023.2251238","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues the case for taking a critical realist (CR) approach to social work research. The normativity in social work is often under-communicated in the social sciences, resulting in research that has an unclear value base as its starting point. Social work practice promotes social change and people's development, empowerment, and liberation. By taking a CR of view as a starting point for researching social problems, the focus shifts towards explaining phenomena by revealing and discussing the mechanisms through which they are produced and maintained. Child welfare issues are argued to be “wicked problems”, on top of which the practice of social work itself is a complex field. Two studies from the field of child and family welfare are presented here to illustrate how CR has been fruitfully applied in research on such complex phenomena. These two studies comprise research on child protection assessment and parental high conflict.","PeriodicalId":45557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Critical Realism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134910922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realist evaluation and its role in the stages of explanatory research based on critical realism","authors":"Juan David Parra","doi":"10.1080/14767430.2023.2251816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2023.2251816","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis article advocates for the validity of Realist Evaluation (RE) as a manifestation of Critical Realism in evaluation research despite criticisms suggesting that the former disregards principles from Bhaskarian ontology. Specifically, I argue that critics overstate RE's philosophical actualism in their argument that its inclination towards technocratic knowledge impedes its scrutiny of stratified social systems. Notwithstanding its limitations in fully elucidating causal structural mechanisms in social inquiry, I argue that RE's research rationale can contribute to the stages of explanatory research based on CR by bridging the comprehension of mechanisms linked to micro-interventions with exploring potential structural forces operating across levels of reality. To illustrate this point, I present a case of a policy evaluation study I led that demonstrates how a RE-oriented research design facilitated a transition from investigating specific programme mechanisms within the interventions' context to proposing transcendental questions about the governance of the education system in Colombia.KEYWORDS: Realist evaluationstratificationactualismstructure and agencycausality AcknowledgementsMany of the ideas in the article emerged from valuable discussions during the IACR 2022 annual critical realism conference held in The Hague, The Netherlands. I was fortunate to have Margaret Archer, the influential and inspiring CR scholar who sadly died this year, as part of the audience during my presentation of a preliminary version of this paper.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Roy Bhaskar is considered a founder of this philosophical tradition (Maisuria and Banfield Citation2022).2 Retroduction, as a mode of reasoning, is central to CR. I define this concept and will refer to this argument later in the article.3 Indeed, in his Realist Manifesto, Pawson (Citation2013) presents Bhaskar’s Realist Theory of Science—published in the late 1970s—as one of the foremost intellectual precursors of RE.4 Consequently, RE scholars maintain that mainstream approaches to programme assessment, like impact evaluation (highly deductive) or constructivist case studies (highly inductive), do not offer sufficient guidance for comprehensive scrutiny of programme mechanisms (Tikly Citation2015).5 As RE scholars explain, these hypotheses may arise through the examination of various sources, such as pertinent empirical or academic literature addressing the phenomena of interest. Additionally, discussions with specific stakeholders, such as programme designers or implementers, can help distil potential explanations for why particular interventions may be effective in specific contexts.6 That is, practising a social science that ‘necessarily takes the form of explanatory critique and so directly impinges on the project of human emancipation from reproduced structures of domination that constrain our essential freedom’ (Bh","PeriodicalId":45557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Critical Realism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134910929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A realist analysis of civilized tourism in China: a cultural structural perspective","authors":"Li Li, Jing Wang, Samrat Hazra","doi":"10.1080/14767430.2023.2237341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2023.2237341","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the discourse of value-laden tourism research, knowledge about the mechanisms that manifest civilized tourism is limited. This paper uses empirical research as a basis from which to explore the generative powers of civilized tourism at the structural level of society. It identifies the structural properties of civilized tourism and five situational logics. Civilized tourism is related to civility, China’s Dream, and social etiquette. These other ideas provide a condition for civilized tourism to exist. All the situational logics function to co-determine the nature of civilized tourism in the cultural system. Based on the findings, it concludes that the call for civilized tourism in China provides a condition for the formation of ethicality in tourism, which is not reducible to tourism stakeholders. The formation of ethicality is conditioned by the product of past socio-cultural interactions whilst engineered by the protective and corrective situational logics of the idealizations taking place in the present time.","PeriodicalId":45557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Critical Realism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46872978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In search of a democratic school culture: an analysis from the lenses of critical realism","authors":"Senem Sanal-Erginel, S. Kuter","doi":"10.1080/14767430.2023.2229180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2023.2229180","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Critical realism is a valuable philosophical stance in providing an in-depth analysis of multi-dimensional and multi-layered relationships in social science. Considering the scarcity of studies on this philosophical framework in social science, this study aimed, from multiple viewpoints, to examine the multi-faceted and multi-stratified experiences, events, structures, and mechanisms underlying democratic school climate in primary school education in Northern Cyprus, through a critical realist philosophical stance. The analysis of the data obtained from teachers, headteachers, and students in five state schools revealed that certain factors limited the opportunities for achieving a democratic school culture. The inadequacy of the education system manifested itself in various forms at the empirical level and therefore affected the climates of the participating schools. The fragmented governance, the pressure of the college entrance examination, and the lack of integration of the newly arrived migrants were found to be influencing the climate in the participating schools.","PeriodicalId":45557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Critical Realism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46103501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal basic income, services, or time politics? A critical realist analysis of (potentially) transformative responses to the care crisis","authors":"Richard Bärnthaler, Corinna Dengler","doi":"10.1080/14767430.2023.2229179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2023.2229179","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Using an (eco-)feminist Marxist-Polanyian theoretical lens, this article explores the diverse relations between contemporary care-crisis symptoms in Western Europe and its generative structures. It investigates the potential of three possible responses to the crisis to transform rather than reproduce these structures: (un)conditional cash transfers, universal basic services, and time politics. Drawing upon critical realism and the evolutionary mechanisms of variation, selection, and retention, we seek to make sense of the dynamic between competing crisis construals and their effects on actuality. To answer our research question What are the transformative potentials of different responses to the contemporary care crisis in Western Europe?, we move from meta-theoretical abstractions to a theoretically grounded, concrete application of critical realism in the social sciences. We conclude that a symbiosis of time politics and universal basic services together with a universal, but not unconditional, guaranteed (minimum) income offers substantial transformative potentials.","PeriodicalId":45557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Critical Realism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48518089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}