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Semantics & Pragmatics最新文献

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Attentional Pragmatics: A pragmatic approach to exhaustivity 注意语用学:穷尽性的语用学方法
IF 1.1
Semantics & Pragmatics Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.3765/sp.15.10
M. Westera
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引用次数: 1
Pragmatic reasoning and semantic convention: A case study on gradable adjectives 语用推理与语义约定——以可分级形容词为例
IF 1.1
Semantics & Pragmatics Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.3765/sp.15.9
M. Xiang, Christopher Kennedy, Weijie Xu, Timothy Leffel
{"title":"Pragmatic reasoning and semantic convention: A case study on gradable adjectives","authors":"M. Xiang, Christopher Kennedy, Weijie Xu, Timothy Leffel","doi":"10.3765/sp.15.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/sp.15.9","url":null,"abstract":"Gradable adjectives denote properties that are relativized to contextual thresholds of application: how long an object must be in order to count as long in a context of utterance depends on what the threshold is in that context. But thresholds are variable across contexts and adjectives, and are in general uncertain. This leads to two questions about the meanings of gradable adjectives in particular contexts of utterance: what truth conditions are they understood to introduce, and what information are they taken to communicate? In this paper, we consider two kinds of answers to these questions, one from semantic theory, and one from Bayesian pragmatics, and assess them relative to human judgments about truth and communicated information. Our findings indicate that Bayesian accounts can model human judgments about what is communicated better than they can model human judgments about truth conditions, but the performance improves if the Bayesian approach is supplemented with the threshold conventions postulated by semantic","PeriodicalId":45550,"journal":{"name":"Semantics & Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48441758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The role of Alternatives in the interpretation of scalars and numbers: Insights Insights from the inference task 替代方案在解释标量和数字中的作用:见解来自推理任务的见解
IF 1.1
Semantics & Pragmatics Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.3765/sp.15.8
Chao-Fen Sun, R. Breheny
{"title":"The role of Alternatives in the interpretation of scalars and numbers: Insights Insights from the inference task","authors":"Chao-Fen Sun, R. Breheny","doi":"10.3765/sp.15.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/sp.15.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45550,"journal":{"name":"Semantics & Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46303389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Exceptional wide scope of bare nominals 裸名词范围异常广泛
IF 1.1
Semantics & Pragmatics Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.3765/sp.15.7
Bert Le Bruyn, H. de Swart
{"title":"Exceptional wide scope of bare nominals","authors":"Bert Le Bruyn, H. de Swart","doi":"10.3765/sp.15.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/sp.15.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45550,"journal":{"name":"Semantics & Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45991744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Logic and conversation: The case of free choice 逻辑和对话:自由选择的例子
IF 1.1
Semantics & Pragmatics Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.3765/sp.15.5
M. Aloni
{"title":"Logic and conversation: The case of free choice","authors":"M. Aloni","doi":"10.3765/sp.15.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/sp.15.5","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":45550,"journal":{"name":"Semantics & Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48070617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Referential transparency as the proper treatment for quantification 参考透明度作为量化的适当处理方法
IF 1.1
Semantics & Pragmatics Pub Date : 2022-04-19 DOI: 10.3765/sp.15.4
Andy Lücking, J. Ginzburg
{"title":"Referential transparency as the proper treatment for quantification","authors":"Andy Lücking, J. Ginzburg","doi":"10.3765/sp.15.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/sp.15.4","url":null,"abstract":"An important motivation for Montague’s work on quantification (Montague 1974) was to achieve uniformity with respect to referential and quantificational subjects. This was attained by type raising all NPs to denote sets of sets (indeed there are claims that such a move is theoretically necessary) and by giving up a subject– predicate semantics where the verbal predicate predicates of the nominal argument. In this paper we argue for essentially the opposite move whereby all predication is genuine predication and involves arguments — witnesses of type individual or set of individuals (for plurals). We argue that such an approach is crucial if one is to capture a variety of fundamentally important phenomena involving anaphora, clarification interaction, and speech-gesture cross-references associated with the use of quantificational noun phrases in dialogue, and to explicate several recent psycholinguistic key results on quantifier processing — all features of an NP semantics which give rise to what we call “Referential Transparency”. The discussion is couched in a new set-denotational framework for plural count nouns, namely sets of ordered set bipartitions. We argue that quantification happens entirely within the noun phrase and involves ref(erence)sets, comp(lement)sets, and max(imal)sets. As a corollary of this denotational foundation, the semantic conservativity universal is an immediate consequence and the range of quantifier denotations is significantly reduced. In addition to collecting empirical motivation for quantification from Referential Transparency Theory and to developing a count noun semantics, a theoretically grounded explanation for complement set anaphora is given.","PeriodicalId":45550,"journal":{"name":"Semantics & Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49484990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Varieties of Hurford disjunctions 各种各样的Hurford析取
IF 1.1
Semantics & Pragmatics Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.3765/sp.15.3
P. Marty, Jacopo Romoli
{"title":"Varieties of Hurford disjunctions","authors":"P. Marty, Jacopo Romoli","doi":"10.3765/sp.15.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/sp.15.3","url":null,"abstract":"Hurford (1974) famously observed that a disjunction is generally infelicitous if one of the disjuncts entails the other. Several accounts of Hurford’s observation have been put forward in the literature, grounding the infelicity of the so-called Hurford disjunctions into various principles of language use. In this article, we investigate three variants of Hurford’s original cases and we show that none of the major explanatory approaches to Hurford disjunctions captures all at once Hurford’s original cases and our novel variants. We discuss the challenges raised by our data for existing approaches to informational oddness and, more broadly, for the descriptive generalization originally proposed by Hurford.","PeriodicalId":45550,"journal":{"name":"Semantics & Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48359332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Alternatives and attention in language and reasoning: A reply to Mascarenhas & Picat 2019 语言和推理中的另类选择和关注：回复Mascarenhas&Picat 2019
IF 1.1
Semantics & Pragmatics Pub Date : 2022-01-26 DOI: 10.3765/sp.15.2
N. Bade, L. Picat, Woojin Chung, S. Mascarenhas
{"title":"Alternatives and attention in language and reasoning: A reply to Mascarenhas & Picat 2019","authors":"N. Bade, L. Picat, Woojin Chung, S. Mascarenhas","doi":"10.3765/sp.15.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/sp.15.2","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we employ an experimental paradigm using insights from the psychology of reasoning to investigate the question whether certain modals generate and draw attention to alternatives. The article extends and builds on the methodology and findings of Mascarenhas & Picat (2019). Based on experimental results, they argue that the English epistemic modal might raises alternatives. We apply the same methodology to the English modal allowed to to test different hypotheses regarding the involvement of alternatives in deontic modality. We find commonalities and differences be-tween the two modals we tested. We discuss theoretical consequences for existing semantic analyses of these modals, and argue that reasoning tasks can serve as a diagnostic tool to discover which natural language expressions involve alternatives.","PeriodicalId":45550,"journal":{"name":"Semantics & Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49598455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Negative free choice 消极自由选择
IF 1.1
Semantics & Pragmatics Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.3765/SP.14.13
P. Marty, Jacopo Romoli, Y. Sudo, R. Breheny
{"title":"Negative free choice","authors":"P. Marty, Jacopo Romoli, Y. Sudo, R. Breheny","doi":"10.3765/SP.14.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/SP.14.13","url":null,"abstract":"Free Choice (FC) is an inference arising from the interaction between existential modals and disjunction. Schematically, a sentence of the form permitted(A or B) gives rise to the inference ◊ A ∧◊ B . Many competing theories of FC have been proposed but they can be classified into two main groups: one group derives FC as an entailment, while the other derives it as an implicature. By contrast, Negative Free Choice (NFC) , the corresponding inference from negated universal modals embedding conjunction, e.g., not(required(A and B)) to ¬□ A ∧□ B , has been discussed much less, and its existence has even been questioned in the recent literature. This paper reports on three experiments whose results provide clear evidence that NFC exists as an inference, but also indicate that NFC is far less robust than FC. This leaves us with two theoretical possibilities: the uniform approach , which comes in two versions, one deriving both FC and NFC as implicatures, and the other deriving both as entailments, and the hybrid approach that derives FC as an entailment and NFC as an implicature. We argue that the observed difference between FC and NFC is straightforwardly explained under the hybrid approach while it poses a challenge for the uniform approach. We end with a brief discussion of the options we see for the uniform approach and their further consequences. \u0000 \u0000EARLY ACCESS","PeriodicalId":45550,"journal":{"name":"Semantics & Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45921491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Actualistic interpretations in French 法语中的现实主义解释
IF 1.1
Semantics & Pragmatics Pub Date : 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.3765/sp.14.12
Vincent Homer
{"title":"Actualistic interpretations in French","authors":"Vincent Homer","doi":"10.3765/sp.14.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/sp.14.12","url":null,"abstract":"Actuality Entailments (AEs), which are standardly described in relation to modal predicates, are known to only occur in the perfective. This article argues that modal predicates are stative and, for that reason, only compatible with the perfective if coerced. Being the reflex of an aspectual coercion, which I label ‘actualistic’, the AE phenomenon is broader than usually assumed: it obtains with modal and non-modal predicates alike. At the core of the actualistic coercion is a presupposition, in the form of a necessary and sufficient condition, whose effects can be detected, for example,","PeriodicalId":45550,"journal":{"name":"Semantics & Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46010525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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