Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews最新文献

{"title":"A Case of Takayasu Arteritis with Thrombotic Microangiopathy Secondary to Malignant Hypertension Due to Bilateral Renal Artery Stenosis","authors":"E. Torun, N. Koca, Y. Yalçınkaya, B. Artım Esen, A. Gül, M. Inanç","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S359283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S359283","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A 20 year old woman presented with right arm pain. Pulses of right upper extremity were weak, acute phase reactants were elevated and MR angiography demonstrated total occlusion of subclavian artery and right axillary artery with collaterals. The diagnosis was Takayasu arteritis and she was treated with prednisolone, azathioprine and acetylsalicylic acid. During follow up, azathioprine was switched to methotrexate. Three years later, patient presented with elevated blood pressure. CT angiography demonstrated reduced calibration of the aorta and almost total occlusion of the lumen of proximal parts of left and right renal arteries. C-reactive protein was elevated. Steroid dose was increased, methotrexate was discontinued and IV tocilizumab and antihypertensive medications were initiated. One month later, she presented to emergency department with elevated blood pressure and blurred vision in the left eye. Fundoscopic examination revealed bilateral grade 3 hypertensive retinopathy and serous detachment of retina in the left eye. Laboratory results revealed normal CRP, elevated creatinine, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, thrombocytopenia, low hemoglobin and low haptoglobin. Peripheral blood smear revealed 2–3 schistocytes in every field. She was admitted to rheumatology department with the diagnosis of thrombotic microangiopathy secondary to malignant hypertension. IV tocilizumab was administered, and methylprednisolone was maintained at a dose of 20 mg/day. Despite treatment with maximum dose of six antihypertensive medications, her blood pressure was not controlled adequately and she became hypervolemic. After undergoing ultrafiltration, balloon dilation was performed in the left renal artery, and a stent was placed there. After stent placement, creatinine and platelet count normalized, hemoglobin increased and hypertension was controlled. In this case, malignant hypertension which was triggered by bilateral renal artery stenosis due to Takayasu arteritis had caused acute kidney injury and advanced stage hypertensive retinopathy. In addition, unlike other Takayasu arteritis cases with malignant hypertension, thrombotic microangiopathy was also detected.","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"14 1","pages":"39 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44769715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Raynaud’s Phenomenon in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Mohammad Mustafa, Hadeel Alsulaimani, A. Alhaddad, Sara Almujil, Zainab Albar, Y. Bawazir, Roaa Alsolaimani, M. Omair","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S352655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S352655","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is defined as frequent ischaemic attacks in the fingers and toes due to vascular vasospasm. Studies have been conducted in many countries worldwide to determine the prevalence of RP. The aim of the current study was to assess the prevalence of RP in the Saudi Arabian population. Patients and Methods An online survey based on international consensus criteria used to diagnose RP was conducted to collect data from individuals from the Saudi population. Participants were considered positive if they had triphasic or biphasic colours of the extremities with cold-related sensitivity. Awareness of RP was also assessed. Results A total of 1025 responses were collected and included in the final analysis. The prevalence of RP was 4.29%, including 22% men and 77% women. The most common age group among women was 26–40 years (36.3%). Familiarity with RP was low, with 56.82% of participants lacking adequate awareness regarding RP. Only 32% of patients with RP reported attending doctor visits regarding symptoms of the disease. Conclusion The RP prevalence in Saudi Arabia is comparable to that reported in the international literature. Public awareness activities should be conducted to increase knowledge about RP. Trial Registration Not applicable.","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"14 1","pages":"17 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48042405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Psoriatic Arthritis.","authors":"Roaa Aljohani","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S347797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S347797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a well-known inflammatory disorder with a wide variety of phenotypes that extend beyond the joints. It has been defined as an immune-mediated disorder in which Th-1 and Th-17 cells play a key role. It has been associated with an elevated risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterized by abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. While the exact pathophysiology of the link between PsA and MetS has yet to be precisely determined, persistence of inflammatory abnormalities, with overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, might be the cause. Studies have consistently emphasized the strong association between elevated risk of developing cardiovascular disease and MetS in individuals with underlying PsA. The literature has also shown an association between the increased PsA severity and the increased frequency of MetS components. This association has important clinical consequences when treating patients with PsA. Therefore, screening programs should be implemented for PsA patients to evaluate whether they have MetS, and appropriate treatment should be given to manage cardiometabolic risk factors. Patients should also be closely monitored for potential adverse treatment effects on co-morbidities. This article summarizes the evidence of associations between several components of MetS and PsA and analyzes the impact of treatment on these factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"7-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/81/d1/oarrr-14-7.PMC8860394.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39959424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 9-Year-Old Patient with Recurrent Fever, Urticarial Rash and Demyelinating Brain Lesions: NLRP3-Autoinflammatory Disease in Ecuador.","authors":"Cristina N Herrera","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S333562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S333562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are a relatively new family disorders defined approximately 20 years ago. AIDs are caused by defect(s) or dysregulation of the innate immune system, characterized by recurrent or continuous inflammation and lack of a primary pathogenic role for the adaptive immune system. One AID, NLRP3-associated autoinflammatory disease (NLRP3-AID), involves a clinical presentation since the neonatal period or childhood, with multiple inflammatory recurrent symptoms that appear throughout the patient´s life. We present the first case of NLRP3-AID in Ecuador. The patient presented recurrent fever since 6 months of age associated with urticarial rash, arthralgias, and abdominal pain; recently, he had a seizure at 7 years of age. Brain MRI revealed demyelinating lesions, and genetic testing uncovered a de novo mutation in the NLRP3 gene. The patient had a good clinical response to treatment with canakinumab.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/43/7e/oarrr-14-1.PMC8785128.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39739097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab Therapy for Lupus Nephritis Among SLE Female Patients; a Retrospective Hospital-Based Study.","authors":"Khansa Osama Abdelkarim Aloub,&nbsp;Noha Ibrahim Ahmed Eltahirm,&nbsp;Elnour Mohammed Elagib,&nbsp;Mohammed Elmujtba Adam Essa,&nbsp;Mustafa Mohammed Ali Hussein","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S391091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S391091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Renal affection in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a high-risk manifestation in which novel treatment strategies are required, particularly in patients who show lower response to conventional therapy. Rituximab has been used as an off-label treatment for lupus nephritis (LN) for the last ten years. This study aims to assess the outcome of the use of rituximab to treat LN patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional study included 40 LN patients on Rituximab therapy who attended the Rheumatology clinic at Omdurman Military Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. Between January to July 2020. Data were collected from the hospital records and included demographic, duration of disease and Rituximab doses. Renal biopsy, renal function parameters, albumin-creatinine ratio, hematological parameters and inflammatory markers. Assessment of the outcomes was conducted by the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI score). Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Studies Program (SPSS, V. 21.0. IBM; Chicago). Chi-square test was used as significance test, the P. value was considered as significant at level 0.05 and akk continues variables had a normal distribution with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Renal function test showed significant improvement after 6 months of treatment with Rituximab. In addition, the mean of the SLE Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI 2K) was significantly decreased with remarkable improvement in the histological degree of LN. The histology of renal biopsy of the patients commonly was diffuse proliferative nephritis followed by minimal mesangial glomerulonephritis, mesangial proliferative LN then membranous nephritis respectively. Improvement was common among the patients aged 20-39 years, those with disease duration less than 5 years, who received 4 doses and rituximab as the initial modality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rituximab therapy is effectively managing patients with lupus nephritis, after 6 months of follow-up, Patients showed remarkable clinical and laboratory improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"14 ","pages":"301-308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b9/a3/oarrr-14-301.PMC9758987.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10768210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing-1 Levels are Related to Radiological Affection and Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis.","authors":"Eman Mostafa Nassef,&nbsp;Hemmat Ahmed Elabd,&nbsp;Hala Mohamed Elzomor,&nbsp;Basma Mohamed Mohamed Ali El Nagger,&nbsp;Amira Shahin Ibrahim,&nbsp;Amal Hussein Ibrahim,&nbsp;Hend Gamal Kotb,&nbsp;Donia Ahmed Hassan,&nbsp;Rasha Elsayed Mohamed Abd ElAziz,&nbsp;Eman El Sayed Mohamed","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S391494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S391494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common systemic inflammatory disease. Collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (CTHRC1) is a unique gene product able to reduce collagen deposition. The present study aimed to assess CTHRC1 level in RA patients and to uncover its relation to clinical, laboratory and radiological findings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 60 adult RA patients. In addition, there were 60 control subjects who included patients with osteoarthritis (n = 20) and reactive arthritis (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20). Serum CTHRC1 levels were assessed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Disease activity was calculated using the Disease Activity Score (DAS28-CRP). Radiological damage was evaluated using the Simple Erosion Narrowing Score (SENS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was significantly higher serum CTHRC1 levels in RA patients when compared to OA, ReA and control groups [median (IQR): 4.66 (1.68-11.7) versus 1.88 (1.14-2.94), 1.55 (0.98-3.15) and 1.14 (0.85-1.3) mg/dL, respectively, p < 0.001]. There was significantly higher CTHRC1 levels in patients with higher disease activity [median (IQR): 2.23 (1.4-4.73) versus 6.55 (4.66-12.0) mg/dL, p = 0.004]. Patients with higher SENS had significantly higher CTHRC1 [median (IQR): 1.99 (1.4-4.66) versus 9.75 (4.39-12.63) mg/dL, p < 0.001] and DAS28 [median (IQR): 4.25 (2.9-5.2) versus 5.4 (4.65-5.8), p = 0.01].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum CTHRC1 levels are related to disease severity and radiological affection in RA patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"14 ","pages":"291-299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/85/66/oarrr-14-291.PMC9748116.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10767130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Clinical Presentation and Factors Associated with Disease Severity of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ben Ochola,&nbsp;Joaniter Nankabirwa,&nbsp;William Buwembo,&nbsp;Mark Kaddumukasa,&nbsp;Harriet Mayanja-Kizza","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S361454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S361454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, debilitating disease that leads to joint destruction and disability if left untreated. Few studies on RA have been conducted in Uganda, and there is limited information on disease severity and associated factors. This study sought to characterize the clinical presentation and to determine disease severity and the factors associated with disease severity among participants with RA in Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between August 2018 and February 2019, patients presenting to the rheumatology outpatient clinic in Mulago National Referral Hospital were enrolled into the study using a cross-sectional design. Participants' demographics and clinical characteristics were collected using a study questionnaire, and laboratory results were extracted from their charts. The patients' functionality was assessed using the Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire and their disease severity was assessed using the RA Disease Activity Score based on 28-joint count (DAS28).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 170 participants were enrolled, of whom 81.2% were female. Nearly two-thirds (111/170) were classified as having severe disease. Having a functional status score of >0.5 (adjusted odds ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.4-2.2, <i>p</i><0.001) was significantly associated with severe disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this population, the majority of the patients seen at the rheumatology outpatient clinic had severe disease, suggesting that patients may be presenting late, with limited early detection of the disease. Impaired functional status was associated with increased disease severity and may be used by clinicians to highlight disease severity when it is not possible to assess the RA DAS28.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"14 ","pages":"75-86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/42/a2/oarrr-14-75.PMC9078424.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9131614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and Clinical Pattern of Mixed Connective Tissue Disease in Sudanese Patients at Omdurman Military Hospital: Hospital-Based Study.","authors":"Sulafah Abdelgalil Ali Ahmed,&nbsp;Mohammed Elmujtba Adam Essa,&nbsp;Amar F Ahmed,&nbsp;Elnour Mohammed Elagib,&nbsp;Noha Ibrahim Ahmed Eltahir,&nbsp;Huyam Awadallah,&nbsp;Abubakr Hassan,&nbsp;Amna Sirag Mohammed Khair,&nbsp;Mustafa Abdalla Bakhit Ebad","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S335206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S335206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a rare autoimmune disease, characterized by the production of specific autoantibody anti-RNP, which presents with varied overlapping symptoms of different connective tissue disorders. The aim of this study is to identify the frequency and patterns of MCTD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted at the rheumatology clinic at Omdurman Military Hospital between February 2019 and July 2019. The study included 30 patients and data were collected using a designated questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study showed that the majority of patients (96.7%) were females and only 3.3% was male. About 30% of the patients aged between 30 and 39 years were the most affected. As a first diagnosis, 10% of the patients had a MCTD fulfilling the Alarcon-Segovia criteria. The remaining 90% of the patients were diagnosed with other diseases before evolving into MCTD. The most common clinical presentation was arthralgia in 100% of the patients, 90% were symmetrically followed by myositis in 70% of the patients, arthritis in 63.3% of the patients, puffy fingers in 63.3% of the patients, and hand swelling in 60% as major musculoskeletal symptoms. Regarding the initial results in immunological profile, the most common positive autoantibodies among the patients were anti-RNP titer in 96.7% of the patients, ANA in 90%, anti-Sm in 50%, RF in 50%, anti-Ds DNA in 46.7%, and anti-Ro in 43.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that MCTD is more common in females, only 10% of patients presented with a fulfilling criteria of the disease at diagnosis, and the rest of the patients presented with other rheumatologic diseases before evolving into MCTD.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"13 ","pages":"333-341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2b/17/oarrr-13-333.PMC8668256.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39845178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Perspectives on Diagnosing Psoriatic Arthritis by Imaging Techniques","authors":"M. I. Sarbu, N. Sârbu, Doriana Cristea Ene, Daniela Corche, R. Baz, D. Negru, A. Nechita, S. Fotea, Lucreţia Anghel, A. Tatu","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S331859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S331859","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition that can lead to severe functional impairment and irreversible damage. The diagnosis can be difficult in early cases where the clinical exam is often scarce. The lack of a serological biomarker can lead to a considerable delay in diagnosis. In this review, we discuss the existent imaging methods that have improved the diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The degree and type of musculoskeletal involvement cannot be assessed by only one imaging method. We think that a combination of methods is the best approach to evaluate both structural damage and inflammatory lesions and that ultrasound (US) could be the best tool to screen a patient when considering the diagnosis of PsA. US is an accessible, non-ionizing technique that offers information regarding active inflammation in joints, entheses, and soft tissues.","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"13 1","pages":"343 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48797270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Serum Immune Markers in Seropositive and Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis Among Sudanese Patients and the Relation Between the Serotype and Joint Involvement: A Cohort Study.","authors":"Ahmed Seri,&nbsp;Hala Kamal Ali Mohamed,&nbsp;Mohammed Elmujtba Adam Essa,&nbsp;Elnour Mohammed Elagib,&nbsp;Noha Ibrahim Ahmed Eltahirm,&nbsp;Salma Mohammed Alfatih Mansour,&nbsp;Abdelkareem A Ahmed","doi":"10.2147/OARRR.S339134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S339134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the synovial membrane. RA is classified as seropositive or seronegative, according to the absence or presence of primarily IgM RF, RF, and/or ACPA. The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between the serotype of rheumatoid arthritis and the level of ESR.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study done in Omdurman military hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. Conducted with 60 patients with RA, data were collected through a designated questionnaire which included demographic, age, gender, duration of the disease, laboratory finding. All the patients in the study were treated with conventional DMARDs and diagnosed according to the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria; their disease activity status was assessed by DAS28/ESR. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that 91.7% of the patients were females, patients of age group between 36 and 50 years had the highest percentage at 38.3% followed by those between 51 and 70 years and the least age group between 20 and 35 years, 36.7% and 15%, respectively. Of all the patients 61.7% were found to be SPRA, while the remaining 38.3% were seronegative (SNRA). Altogether 55% of the patients had moderate disease activity, followed by 16.7% who had a remission, 15% had high disease activity and the remaining 13.3% had low disease activity. The metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint was found to be the only joint that was significantly associated with DAS28 and its involvement was greater among seropositive patients. The most affected joints were found to be shoulders, knees, wrist, MCP, PIP and elbow, in that order.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Females, middle-age group and shoulder joint were the most affected. Most RA was found to be SPRA, and the seropositive group was found to be more associated with high disease activity, while the seronegative group was associated with remission and low disease activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45545,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Rheumatology-Research and Reviews","volume":"13 ","pages":"325-332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/84/13/oarrr-13-325.PMC8643210.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39578635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}