Australian Journal of Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Pacific artistic communities in Australia: Gaining visibility in the art world","authors":"Géraldine Le Roux","doi":"10.1111/taja.12441","DOIUrl":"10.1111/taja.12441","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article shows that although Pacific arts began to be largely recognised in Australia in the 1990s, Pacific artists based in Australia remained mostly invisible in the contemporary art scene until the mid-2000s. I aim to demonstrate how Pacific artists and curators—who in some cases collaborated with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander artists and curators—have made visible myriad Pacific identities and social trajectories in Australian cities. Exhibitions reveal and highlight multiple experiences of Pacific people residing in Australia, for whom Pacific cultures are partly mediated by the experiences of their relatives, popularised by museum collections and coloured by the gaze of non-Pacific people. This article is built around two cultural events that have not previously received scholarly attention, a group show curated in Sydney by Māori artist and cultural worker Keren Ruki and a triennial in Brisbane imagined and organised by Bundjalung Yugambeh (Aboriginal Australian) artist and curator Jenny Fraser. It addresses how narratives in the 2000s were often connected to objectives of empowerment and the necessity to build a future for Pacific peoples in Australian society.</p>","PeriodicalId":45452,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Anthropology","volume":"33 2","pages":"133-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/taja.12441","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42617367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digicel! Topap long ples ia! An international telecommunications company making itself at home in the urban landscapes of Vanuatu, Samoa and Tonga","authors":"Fiona Willans,&nbsp;Jim Gure,&nbsp;Tereise Vaifale,&nbsp;' Elenoa Veikune","doi":"10.1111/taja.12443","DOIUrl":"10.1111/taja.12443","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mobile phone usage has increased at an unprecedented rate across the Pacific over the past 10–15 years, radically transforming the way communication takes place. The catalyst for this transformation is generally attributed to the breakdown of monopolies previously held by national telecom corporations over their own domestic markets, and the entrance of one particular new provider, Digicel. This paper examines the strategies through which Digicel has managed to insert itself into the visual landscape of the urban spaces of Vanuatu, Samoa and Tonga. Through multimodal analysis of digital photographs from the landscapes of these countries' capital cities, the paper shows how the global company makes use of a range of techniques to establish its own place and identity as a local network. These techniques include the demonstration of largesse and dominance over competitors, slogans that stake a claim to belonging, and the use of local language terms and images that juxtapose the local with the global. Through these techniques, Digicel manages to position itself simultaneously as the provider both of fast and reliable global communication technologies and of a truly local, national service, while also radically transforming the physical spaces of our cities as it has made itself at home here.</p>","PeriodicalId":45452,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Anthropology","volume":"33 2","pages":"210-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63452675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performing difference, longing for ‘home’: Claiming ethnic identities to build national unity among urban Solomon Islands youth","authors":"Rachel Emerine Hicks","doi":"10.1111/taja.12440","DOIUrl":"10.1111/taja.12440","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since independence, Solomon Islands schools have aimed to establish a national identity and unity among Solomon Islanders; however, ethnic ties to ‘home’ remain strong. This is particularly evident in Honiara, the densely populated and multi-ethnic capital of Solomon Islands, when urban youth who have grown up in Honiara claim their home is in a province. This paper argues that the ‘unity in diversity’ narrative taught in schools emphasises the importance of an ethnic identity tied to one's province. As a result, students must find ways to build connections to home, even if they have spent little time there, creating a nostalgia for home. Two ways this occurs is through the dances they perform and the <i>kastom</i> jewellery they wear. I argue that the emphasis of their unique ethnic identities is necessary for youth to stake a claim in the multi-ethnic urban landscape and within the panethnic identity of Solomon Islander.</p>","PeriodicalId":45452,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Anthropology","volume":"33 2","pages":"117-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48247781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The tradition of indigenous people and the status of internal migrants – The story of exclusion in West Seram (Maluku, Indonesia)","authors":"Simona Sienkiewicz","doi":"10.1111/taja.12445","DOIUrl":"10.1111/taja.12445","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, I explore approaches in establishing cross-cultural relations between indigenous people and internal migrants in the district of West Seram (Maluku, Indonesia). According to current data, the number of people from other islands exceeds the local population but the district government neglects the ethnic issues. Emerging inequalities are becoming a challenge for internal migrants, especially in the areas of leadership and land tenure. I argue that the sense of exclusion among ‘outsiders’ impacts on growing social tensions and creates immobility within the social structures, giving less room for negotiations and dialogue.</p>","PeriodicalId":45452,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Anthropology","volume":"33 2","pages":"263-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47194429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-territorializing the city: Youth and the productive role of reggae music in Vanuatu","authors":"Daniela Kraemer,&nbsp;Monika Stern","doi":"10.1111/taja.12437","DOIUrl":"10.1111/taja.12437","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In Vanuatu, the popularity of reggae music has been on the rise since the late 1980s. Today, reggae music and reggae culture is ubiquitous. For many young people in Port Vila, Vanuatu's capital city, it is a fundamental component of their sense of belonging to the city. Their attraction to reggae derives from its messages of camaraderie, equality and justice. This paper argues that for many urban youth, playing, consuming and sharing reggae music and culture instrumentalises their urban place-making activities and helps reterritorialise themselves in urban spaces. Drawing on ethnographic research, we demonstrate the extent to which its lyrics and messages resonate with youth who feel they are unable to express their social, economic and political discontent through other mediums. Furthermore, we show how for many youth, reggae conveys a sense of hopefulness that emboldens them to build a new life or ‘father land’ for themselves and their children.</p>","PeriodicalId":45452,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Anthropology","volume":"33 2","pages":"192-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46998159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An introduction in 3 parts: Anthropological perspectives on the shooting of Kumanjayi Walker","authors":"Yasmine Musharbash","doi":"10.1111/taja.12434","DOIUrl":"10.1111/taja.12434","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;This is an introduction in three parts. In the first part, I introduce this Special Issue, the briefs that led to its realisation, some of the key themes the contributors wrestle with, and the contributions themselves. The second part is more of a personal introduction; namely, an ethnographic narrative of my own experience of the first hours and days following the shooting. My aim here is to take the reader into the field at the beginning of the events that unfolded from a Yuendumu view (inherently different from the perspective presented by the media and the courts). In the third introductory perspective, I look at the nature of fear. In a series of short ethnographic vignettes, I explore how police and Warlpiri people's fears differed and overwrote each other. I contextualise Warlpiri fears by situating the shooting in an historical timeline with frontier massacres. The main thrust of my enquiry is to lay bare the opposition between Warlpiri people's views and those of the settler colony, and to analyse the power of the settler colony to legitimise its fears and make Warlpiri fears illegible. I conclude by pondering the continuing looming threat of settler-colonial violence in Warlpiri lives from the vantage point of the ‘Red House’, the place where the shooting occurred.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This TAJA Special Issue presents recent Australian anthropological work written in response to the shooting of 19 year-old Kumunjayi Walker by Northern Territory police officer Constable Zachary Rolfe.&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; On the evening of 9 November 2019, Constable Rolfe and other members of the Immediate Response Team (IRT) tried to apprehend Kumunjayi Walker in his grandmother's house in the Aboriginal community of Yuendumu, Northern Territory. Kumunjayi Walker died shortly afterwards at the Yuendumu police station, where he was transported by police.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Further, the space opened by the AAS and provided by TAJA allows me to honour requests made by Warlpiri people (in the immediate aftermath of the shooting and over the two years that have passed since) that I help tell their side of the story. I am one of many they asked for support and like many others, I responded to their call, not only because I am deeply indebted to Warlpiri people (my academic career has emerged in conjunction with almost 30 years of working with Warlpiri people at Yuendumu), but also because as events unfolded it became harder and harder to separate their sense of injustice from my own (see also Parts 2 and 3, below). Finally, the shooting affected me personally and not just professionally: it is not that long ago I sat and played cards with his grandmother and others on the very spot where Kumunjayi was shot. While I only knew Kumunjayi as one of the young men who occasionally came and asked his grandmother for something, and sometimes stayed in the room next door, or ate dinner at the same fire, I have known, lived and worked with many of his family for more than half my life. A small part of ","PeriodicalId":45452,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Anthropology","volume":"33 S1","pages":"3-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/taja.12434","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45048547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An introduction to ‘Making the city “home”: Practices of belonging in Pacific cities’","authors":"Daniela Kraemer,&nbsp;Monika Stern","doi":"10.1111/taja.12432","DOIUrl":"10.1111/taja.12432","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is estimated that by 2050, 50% of Pacific peoples will be living out their full lives in cities and towns throughout Oceania and around the world. Over the last 35 years, previous patterns of circular migration have been giving way to permanent urban settlers and to generations born and raised in urban places. These ‘urbanites’ demonstrate a firm commitment to urban living in both the present and the future. In the cities, Pacific people have been building roots and making the city ‘home’. This special issue focuses on some of the diverse practices Pacific urbanites employ in creating ‘home’, which we define as the context where they centre their social, cultural and economic worlds and the place in which they see themselves living out their aspirations and future life course. Practices range from the use of graffiti, sharing music, playing reggae, the role of artists and exhibitions, and mobile phone use. In doing so, this special issue contributes to a growing body of work focused on the ways urban-based Pacific peoples contest essentialising stereotypes that deny their legitimacy and dismiss their urban experiences as less authentic. The collection of papers demonstrates how Pacific peoples are imagining and demonstrating their identities as Pacific urbanites reflecting their commitment to an urban Pacific, national, cultural and political belonging.</p>","PeriodicalId":45452,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Anthropology","volume":"33 2","pages":"85-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43269395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Cop chasing’ in Alice Springs: Youth experiences of surveillance in a Central Australian Town","authors":"Lora Chapman","doi":"10.1111/taja.12430","DOIUrl":"10.1111/taja.12430","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Indigenous youth living in Alice Springs are subject to routine forms of surveillance, facilitated by a range of stakeholders, including police, security guards, government agents, business owners and members of their own communities. ‘The problem’ of youth is the subject of much attention in media and community forums as well as Northern Territory specific legislation, resulting in increased levels of policing in town. Drawing on recently collected fieldwork data, this paper explores some of the nuances in the relationships through which these processes of surveillance are enacted. Encounters observed and described by young people themselves are often at once both intimate and oppressive. This paper will first explore recent policy approaches and then focus on some examples of youth experiences with policing to outline some of the ways in which young people navigate and resist surveillance in Alice Springs. Understanding youth experiences of surveillance and policing enables a distinctive perspective on a shifting social world, and offers insight into contemporary forms of disadvantage faced by Indigenous youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":45452,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Anthropology","volume":"33 S1","pages":"46-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/taja.12430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45326677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carceral spectres: Hyperincarceration and the haunting of Aboriginal life","authors":"Patrick Horton","doi":"10.1111/taja.12431","DOIUrl":"10.1111/taja.12431","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drawing on recent participant observation-based data from the Northern Territory's Victoria River region, I propose that the coercive and custodial arms of the settler state are predominant features of, and constant and permanent forces of rupture in, remote Aboriginal life. I use the term ‘carceral spectres’ to describe the ways hyperincarceration and hyperpolicing shape, disturb and, in particular, ‘haunt’ Aboriginal life, people, places and things. This framework has implications for the ways we might think about the multi-faceted impacts of the radical incarceration rates of Indigenous people in Australia, and the experience of life in the context of ongoing colonial occupation and pervasive carcerality.</p>","PeriodicalId":45452,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Anthropology","volume":"33 S1","pages":"35-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/taja.12431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46979964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hope in a time of world-shattering events and unbearable situations: Policing and an emergent ‘ethics of dwelling’ in Lander Warlpiri country","authors":"Petronella Vaarzon-Morel","doi":"10.1111/taja.12433","DOIUrl":"10.1111/taja.12433","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In November 2019, members of Willowra community marched on the local police station in protest against the police shooting of Kumunjayi Walker at Yuendumu. Expressing solidarity with family at Yuendumu, individuals breached the barbwire fence of the vacant police compound. Unlike settlements such as Yuendumu, which have had resident police for decades, Willowra police station is 1 of 18 Northern Territory ‘Taskforce Themis’ stations set up as a temporary measure during the 2007 Intervention. Although the police presence is recent and inconstant, Lander Warlpiri Anmatyerr people have long experienced the agonistic effects of police authority in their region—beginning in 1928 with the gunning down of their relatives by Constable Murray and his accomplices during the Coniston Massacre. No charges were laid against these murderers, a reflection of the moral economy and ‘politics of life’ of settler society at the time. Although policies have changed, the past reverberates in the present, as people find creative ways to survive the effects of totalising state institutions and punitive regimes. Furthermore, while locals might back a police presence at Willowra, they continue to assert the importance of Warlpiri Law. This paper reflects upon narratives and events that illuminate local perceptions of police and their role in the community over time. In the course of this account, the focus shifts from policing to people's hopes that unbearable situations might improve, as they use shields both as object and metaphor to deflect the weapons of the state and maintain the Warlpiri socio-moral order.</p>","PeriodicalId":45452,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Anthropology","volume":"33 S1","pages":"77-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41868011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}