{"title":"TRAYECTORIAS DE MODERNIZACIÓN INDUSTRIAL Y CAMBIO ESTRUCTURAL EN AMÉRICA LATINA, 1970–2017","authors":"Raúl Vázquez-López","doi":"10.1017/S0212610921000057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610921000057","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMEN Este artículo analiza las trayectorias de modernización estructural para la industria de ocho países latinoamericanos (Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, México, Perú, Uruguay) desde 1970 hasta la fecha. Desde una perspectiva teórica estructuralista que explora las interacciones dinámicas entre el cambio estructural y el escalamiento tecnológico, se construye un índice de modernización. Los hallazgos muestran que el establecimiento de modelos económicos neoliberales en Latinoamérica a partir de los años ochenta, significó un punto de ruptura en estas trayectorias. Mientras la racionalización de procesos productivos por parte de las empresas implicó un desplazamiento del empleo en dirección de usos de baja productividad relativa, el desarrollo de industrias intensivas en capital e insertas en dinámicas globales, no impulsó la modernización estructural debido a la naturaleza de las tareas efectuadas. Los ejercicios permiten esbozar una primera tipología en términos de las carencias más apremiantes de cada caso.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610921000057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43432956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudio Robles-Ortiz, Ignacio González-Correa, N. Reyes Campos, Uziel González Aliaga
{"title":"AGRICULTURAL WORKERS’ STANDARD OF LIVING DURING CENTRAL CHILE'S AGRARIAN EXPANSION, 1870-1930","authors":"Claudio Robles-Ortiz, Ignacio González-Correa, N. Reyes Campos, Uziel González Aliaga","doi":"10.1017/S0212610921000100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610921000100","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to determine trends in the wages and living standards of male agricultural labourers in Central Chile during the agrarian expansion, c. 1870-1930. We found that nominal wages increased eightfold; this is relevant because wage labour became the main rural labour regime in this period. Nominal wages rose steadily from the early 1870s until 1910, and with significant fluctuations thereafter, before plummeting with the Great Depression. Real wages also increased, but only slightly. Furthermore, during certain short periods, agricultural labourers' real wages were similar to or higher than those of low-skilled urban workers. However, the persistent gap between agricultural and non-agricultural wages was one of the causal factors of the outmigration of rural workers.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610921000100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46091190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FISCAL PESSIMISM IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE: TOCQUEVILLE'S CROSS REVISITED","authors":"Isabel Cepeda, Pedro Fraile Balbín","doi":"10.1017/S0212610921000094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610921000094","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores Alexis de Tocqueville's thought on fiscal political economy as a forerunner of the modern school of preference falsification and rational irrationality in economic decision making. A good part of the literature has misrepresented Tocqueville as an unconditional optimist regarding the future of fiscal moderation under democracy. Yet, although he initially shared the cautious optimism of most classical economists with respect to taxes under extended suffrage, Tocqueville's view turned more pessimistic in the second volume of his Democracy in America. Universal enfranchisement and democratic governments would lead to higher taxes, more intense income redistribution and government control. Under democracy, the continuous search for unconditional equality would eventually jeopardise liberty and economic growth.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610921000094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48053838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco J. Beltrán Tapia, Alfonso Díez-Minguela, Julio Martinez-Galarraga, Daniel A. Tirado-Fabregat
{"title":"TWO STORIES, ONE FATE: AGE-HEAPING AND LITERACY IN SPAIN, 1877-1930","authors":"Francisco J. Beltrán Tapia, Alfonso Díez-Minguela, Julio Martinez-Galarraga, Daniel A. Tirado-Fabregat","doi":"10.1017/S0212610921000033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610921000033","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study looks at human capital in Spain during the early stages of modern economic growth. We have assembled a new dataset for age-heaping and literacy in Spain with information about men and women from six population censuses and forty-nine provinces between 1877 and 1930. Our results show that, although age-heaping was less prevalent during the second half of the 19th century than previously thought, it did not decline until the early 20th century. Given that literacy increased throughout the whole period, our study thus unveils stark differences between age-heaping and literacy, which raises further questions regarding sources, methods and interpretation.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610921000033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49088810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NEITHER ABSOLUTISM NOR NEGOTIATION: SPANISH EMPIRE BUILDING AND POLITICAL ECONOMY IN THE 18TH CENTURY CARIBBEAN","authors":"J. Bohórquez","doi":"10.1017/S0212610921000082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610921000082","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper revisits the political economy during Spanish rule in America by reappraising the allegedly positive impact that intra-imperial transfers (situados) had on the Caribbean economy. It raises concerns concerning categories such as bargaining and absolutism and their accuracy in accounting for the nature of Spanish imperial rule. Three main findings are reported. Firstly, it seems inaccurate to hold that all remittances were injected into the economy with positive effects. Liquidity apparently provoked a real estate bubble. Secondly, the local market was not necessarily sensitive to the arrival of bullion. Finally, jurisdictional fragmentation allowed the king to issue debt in a disorderly fashion and with no constraints, and local officials and groups of interests to behave as free riders.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610921000082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45232067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CAPITANAS Y PATRONAS. MUJERES EN LA ACTIVIDAD CORSARIA DE MALLORCA EN EL SIGLO XVII","authors":"Andreu Seguí Beltrán","doi":"10.1017/S0212610921000045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610921000045","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMEN El artículo se enmarca en las líneas de investigación actual sobre la mujer en la economía marítima preindustrial. Se trata de un estudio de caso centrado en las capitanas y las patronas durante el auge del corso en Mallorca entre 1635–80. En él se destaca la labor de las mujeres de mar como procuradoras de sus maridos mientras permanecían ausentes, especialmente cuando la situación les exigió demostrar iniciativa e ir más allá de lo estipulado en la procura. Asimismo, se constata un mayor protagonismo en cuatro áreas de la empresa corsaria, mientras ésta se rigió por un modelo de corte familiar.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610921000045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47928313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RHE series 2 volume 39 issue 1 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0212610921000021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0212610921000021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0212610921000021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44489452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RHE series 2 volume 39 issue 1 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s021261092100001x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s021261092100001x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s021261092100001x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45985206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miguel Martín-Retortillo, V. Pinilla, Jackeline Velazco, Henry Willebald
{"title":"IS THERE A LATIN AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL GROWTH PATTERN? FACTOR ENDOWMENTS AND PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY","authors":"Miguel Martín-Retortillo, V. Pinilla, Jackeline Velazco, Henry Willebald","doi":"10.1017/S0212610920000294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610920000294","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article, we discuss whether there was a single Latin American pattern of agricultural growth between 1950 and 2008. We analyse the sources of growth of agricultural production and productivity in ten Latin American countries. Our results show that the differences between these countries are too large to establish a single pattern for this region. However, certain common trends may be observed, such as the growing importance of labour productivity as a component of agricultural production growth and the increasing relevance of total factor productivity as a component of agricultural labour productivity growth.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610920000294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42462959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"INTERGENERATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY IN 19TH-CENTURY SPAIN (VALENCIA), 1841-1870","authors":"Carlos Santiago-Caballero","doi":"10.1017/S0212610920000282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610920000282","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper sheds light on a crucial period of Spanish economic history, analysing changes in intergenerational occupational mobility. We use newly collected empirical evidence from Valencia, a region that followed a path of growth based on agrarian capitalism focused on international markets. We show that occupational mobility improved between 1841 and 1850, but that this situation reversed during the following decades. The opportunities offered to individuals from poorer families quickly disappeared. Put in international perspective, occupational mobility in Valencia was far lower than in other European countries, where both downward and especially upward mobility were considerably higher. By 1870, Valencia had become a polarised society, where the lowest part of the income distribution suffered increasing pauperisation and downward mobility.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610920000282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41419887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}