Revista De Historia Economica最新文献

{"title":"INEQUALITY AND WELL-BEING IN IBERIAN AND LATIN AMERICAN REGIONS SINCE 1820. NEW APPROACHES FROM ANTHROPOMETRIC HISTORY","authors":"J. Martínez-Carrión, R. Salvatore","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000168","url":null,"abstract":"After four decades of research in anthropometric history, the use of human stature to measure changes in standards of living and inequality has become widespread among economic historians (Blum, 2013; Galofré-Vilà, 2018). In close collaboration with economists, physical anthropologists and biologists, economic historians have shown that stature and other bodily measures, such as weight, robustness, and corporal mass, have been influenced by environmental and socio-economic determinants over long periods of time and across different geographies. Adult height is a good proxy of human welfare, to the extent that it correlates with health, longevity, nutrition, and economic growth, and inform about the evolution of net-nutritional status and biological wellbeing for different social classes, ethnic groups, and sub-groups within the population (Komlos and Kelly, 2016). Anthropometric history is a well-established discipline in Iberian and Latin American regions. The need to have alternative measures of the standard of living in order to explore the past evolution of economies and societies when conventional indicators were not available has been an important consideration among researchers. In an effort to reconstruct historical series of stature, scholars of the region have produced over a hundred studies that combine insights from history, economics, medicine, biology, and physical anthropology. In the last fifteen years, the anthropometric history literature has increased remarkably with important findings","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47238914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE CHANGING SIGNIFICANCE OF LATIN AMERICAN SILVER IN THE CHINESE ECONOMY, 16TH–19TH CENTURIES","authors":"Richard von Glahn","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000193","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The important role of Chinese demand for silver in stimulating worldwide silver-mining and shaping the first truly global trading system has become commonly recognised in the world history scholarship. The commercial dynamism of China during the 16th-19th centuries was integrally related to the importation of foreign silver, initially from Japan but principally from Latin America. Yet the significance of imports of Latin American silver for the Chinese economy changed substantially over these three centuries in tandem with the rhythms of China's domestic economy as well as the global trading system. This article traces these changes, including the adoption of a new standard money of account—the yuan—derived from the Spanish silver peso coin.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41323042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GLOBAL QUANTIFICATION AND INVENTORY DEMAND FOR SILVER IN CHINA","authors":"Jin Cao, D. Flynn","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000181","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article provides an initial (partial) estimate of silver quantities held within China around mid-18th century, utilising archival evidence related to wealth confiscations. Better future estimates for overall Chinese silver holdings could also facilitate more accurate estimation of Chinese silver (legal plus illegal) imports. Similar analyses for other world regions could eventually yield estimates for global silver stock holdings, useful in turn for improving global silver mining and trade flow estimates. Extensive contraband silver mining and silver trade are known to have escaped official recordation, by definition. If methodologies suggested herein prove successful, then parallel non-silver-trade-good estimates could follow. Current exclusive focus upon production and trade flows should be reevaluated in the context of linkages with accumulations of goods (wealth components). Economic history could someday provide a prominent stage for the historical study of wealth holdings, thereby furnishing context for increasing wealth concentrations observable worldwide today.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49168108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRADING IN AN EMERGING MARKET: E. JOHNSTON & CO AND THE BRAZILIAN COFFEE TRADE 1840-1880","authors":"Carlos Gabriel Guimarães, R. Greenhill","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000120","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article analyses the development of the coffee export business of the British company Edward Johnston & Co. in the years 1840-1880. Established in 1842 in the city of Rio de Janeiro, the firm's senior partner was the English merchant Edward Johnston. The departure of partners and the crisis of 1847 made Edward Johnston reorganise the firm in Brazil. In the 1850s, the company established itself as a family business based in Liverpool and then in London in the 1860s. The expansion of the coffee market in the United States made Edward Johnston create a network of firms which consolidated the company as a major exporter of Brazilian coffee by the late 1870s.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48217741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANTHROPOMETRIC HISTORY OF BRAZIL, 1850–1950: INSIGHTS FROM MILITARY AND PASSPORT RECORDS","authors":"D. Franken","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000077","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Trends in human welfare in Brazil have remained shrouded by a dearth of historical evidence. Although quantitative scholars have revealed the efficacy of the First Republic (1889–1930) in fomenting economic progress, the extent to which Brazil's early economic growth fostered improvements in health remains unclear. This paper fills this void in scholarship by relying on hitherto untapped archival sources with data on human stature—a reliable metric for health and nutritional status. My analysis centres heavily on a large (n ≈ 16,000), geographically-comprehensive series compiled from military inscription files, supplemented by an ancillary dataset drawn from passport records (n ≈ 6,000). I document inferior heights in the North and Northeast that predated the advent of industrialisation. At the national level, my findings reveal an increase in stature of over 2.5 cm between soldiers born in the 1880s and those born in the 1910s. In the South and Southeast, I argue that increased real income and public-health interventions explain the earlier upward trend in heights, while rural sanitary reforms were most important in the North and Northeast, where heights remained stagnant until the 1910 decade and diseases such as hookworm and malaria were most rampant. RESUMEN Las tendencias en el bienestar humano en Brasil no han sido estudiadas por una escasez de evidencia histórica. Los estudios cuantitativos muestran la eficacia de la Primera República (1889–1930) para fomentar el progreso económico, pero no queda claro hasta qué punto el crecimiento económico inicial de Brasil generó mejoras en la salud. Este trabajo llena este vacío en la literatura al basarse en fuentes primarias hasta ahora no estudiadas, con datos sobre la estatura humana, una métrica confiable para la salud y el estado nutricional. Mi análisis se centra en una gran serie (n ≈ 16,000), geográficamente integral, compilada a partir de archivos de inscripción militares, complementada por un conjunto de datos auxiliares extraídos de registros de pasaportes (n ≈ 6,000). Se documentan estaturas inferiores en el norte y el noreste que precedieron el advenimiento de la industrialisación. Al nivel nacional, mis hallazgos revelan un aumento en la estatura de más de 2,5 cm entre los soldados nacidos en la década de 1880 y los nacidos en la década de 1910. En el sur y el sureste, el aumento de ingresos reales y las intervenciones de salud pública explican la tendencia alcista en las estaturas, mientras que las reformas sanitarias rurales fueron más importantes en el norte y el noreste, donde las estaturas permanecieron estancadas hasta la década de 1910 y las enfermedades como la anquilostomiasis y la malaria eran más generalisadas.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42546028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HEIGHT AND INEQUALITY IN SPAIN: A LONG-TERM PERSPECTIVE","authors":"A. D. Cámara, J. Martínez-Carrión, J. Puche, Josep-Maria Ramon-Muñoz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3393414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3393414","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyses the evolution of nutritional inequality in Spain among cohorts born between 1840 and 1964. With male height data (N = 358,253), the secular trend of biological well-being and intergenerational anthropometric inequalities are studied based on the coefficient of variation, height percentiles and socioeconomic categories (students, literate non-students and illiterate). The results reveal that the nutritional inequalities were very large in the mid-19th century. Anthropometric inequalities diminished among those born between 1880 and 1919 and increased again, although only moderately, from the cohorts of the 1920s. From the 1930s there was a cycle of sustained increase in height. Despite nutritional improvement, the data suggest that nutritional inequalities increased during the Franco regime, affecting the low-income population segments particularly. RESUMEN Este artículo analiza la evolución de la desigualdad en el estado nutricional neto en España entre las cohortes nacidas entre 1840 y 1964. A partir de estaturas masculinas (N = 358.253) se estudia la tendencia secular del bienestar biológico y la evolución de las desigualdades antropométricas utilizando el coeficiente de variación, percentiles de estatura y categorías socio-económicas (estudiantes, alfabetizados -no estudiantes- y analfabetos). Los resultados revelan que las desigualdades nutricionales fueron muy acusadas a mediados del siglo XIX, hecho asociado al descuelgue del segmento inferior de la distribución de estaturas. Esas desigualdades disminuyeron entre los nacidos entre 1880 y 1919 y aumentaron de nuevo, aunque moderadamente, desde las cohortes de la década de 1920, conviviendo a partir los años treinta con un ciclo sostenido de incremento de la estatura. A pesar de dicho incremento, los datos sugieren que las desigualdades nutricionales aumentaron con el franquismo, afectando especialmente a las clases bajas.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44913282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NET NUTRITION INEQUALITY IN ARGENTINA, 1875–1950: NEW EVIDENCE AND SOME CONJECTURES","authors":"R. Salvatore","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000016","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Using the coefficient of variations for heights, this paper examines the evolution of net nutrition inequality in Argentina from 1875 to 1950. It uses various samples of recruits and soldiers, previously gathered by the author. Evidence points to two important findings: (a) export-led growth led to stable or declining net-nutrition inequality; while import-substituting industrialisation generated significant net nutrition inequality; and (b) the highest levels of inequality in net nutrition took place during this latter phase in large urban, industrialised areas. RESUMEN Este artículo examina la evolución de la desigualdad en la nutrición neta en Argentina desde 1875 a 1950, utilizando coeficientes de variación de estaturas. Se hace uso de varias muestras de reclutas y soldados previamente recolectadas por el autor. La evidencia muestra dos hallazgos importantes: (a) el crecimiento agro-exportador fue coincidente con una desigualdad en la nutrición neta estable o declinante; mientras que la industrialización sustitutiva de importaciones produjo un significativo aumento de la desigualdad nutricional; y (b) los mayores niveles de desigualdad en la nutrición neta tuvieron lugar durante esta segunda fase en grandes áreas urbanas e industrializadas.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44946271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE NORTH–SOUTH DIVIDE: REAL WAGES AND WELFARE IN BRAZIL DURING THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY","authors":"Thales Augusto Zamberlan Pereira","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000132","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT What was the degree of Brazil's regional inequality in living standards during the first decades of the 20th century? This paper presents municipal and state information on wages and prices in order to build welfare ratios for skilled and unskilled workers between 1912 and 1940. Despite the significant differences in nominal wages and costs of living throughout the country, real wage differentials remained lower than those estimated by earlier studies. Williamson (1999) argued that real wages in the Southeast were approximately six times higher than in the Northeast during the 1930s. The new evidence in this paper suggests that wages were on average only 1.5 times higher.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49027214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FERTILITY CONTROL DUE TO SHORT-TERM ECONOMIC STRESS IN RURAL ARAGÓN (SPAIN), 1801–1909","authors":"Francisco J. Marco-Gracia","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000144","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper deals with the permanent existence of deliberate fertility control arising from short-term economic stress among rural farm workers. The micro-level analysis uses the family reconstitution method for ten rural Spanish localities. The husband's socio-economic level is regarded as an indicator of the family's socio-economic status. According to the available data, human agency between 1801 and 1909 resulted in a negative fertility response among all farm groups, with this negative response being especially strong among the landless and semi-landless. The existence of a rapid fertility control response suggests that such control was a voluntary decision. Since the end of the 19th century, the number of economic shocks due to high prices has reduced.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46828068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS AND SPATIAL CONVERGENCE OF BIOLOGICAL WELL-BEING: THE CASE OF COLOMBIA, 1920–1990","authors":"Adolfo Meisel-Roca, M. Ramírez-Giraldo, Daniela Santos-Cárdenas","doi":"10.1017/S0212610919000053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000053","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores the relationship between the physical stature of Colombians born during the 20th century and several socio-economic and demographic variables. Using a dataset of more than 225,000 individuals built with information from judicial background certificates, we found a sustained growth of the average height of women and men during the 20th century. The results show significant differences in stature according to gender, level of education, occupation, and place and date of birth. Similarly, health conditions and access to aqueducts significantly affect height. We found that departmental average height disparities decreased and the gap across regions closed throughout the century. RESUMEN Este artículo investiga la relación entre la estatura de los colombianos nacidos en el siglo XX y algunas variables socioeconómicas. Usando una base de datos de más de 225,000 individuos construida a partir de certificados de antecedentes judiciales, encontramos un aumento sostenido de la estatura promedio en mujeres y hombres durante el siglo XX. Los resultados muestran diferencias importantes en la estatura según género, nivel educativo, ocupación, y lugar y fecha de nacimiento. Las condiciones de salud y el acceso a acueductos afectan significativamente la estatura. Encontramos que las disparidades en la estatura promedio entre departamentos se redujeron y la brecha entre las regiones se cerró a lo largo del siglo.","PeriodicalId":45403,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Historia Economica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0212610919000053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43271320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}