Tomsk State University Journal最新文献

{"title":"Merchant estates in Tomsk planning structure late in the 19th and early 20th centuries","authors":"E. S. Katalevskaya, E. V. Sitnikova","doi":"10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-1-7-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-1-7-23","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with wooden merchant estate buildings of Tomsk late in the 19th and early 20th centuries. At the turn of the 19–20th centuries, the wooden construction, is the fundamental planning in the architectural and town-planning structures in Siberian cities. The relevance of the study is determined by the problems of preserving the integrity of historical urban estates in Tomsk, in particular household buildings of which there are currently very few left.Purpose: A comprehensive analysis of three most interesting estates of Tomsk merchants, namely G.M. Golovanov, A.F. Zelenevskaya, and the Kukhterins and the planning structure and functional zoning of merchant estates, architecture and planning of buildings, and preservation of estate complexes.Methodology/approach: Historical, archival and bibliographic documents; field research conducted by the authors in 2022; methods of the data identification, comprehensive, systematic and comparative analyses.Research findings: Collected and analyzed materials on wooden merchant estates in Tomsk. The high urban significance of the historical buildings is determined, the rational zoning and multifunctionality of merchant estates is identified.Originality/value:  The  comprehensive  analysis  of three  merchant  wooden  estates  of the 19–20th centuries, justification of their value as the main elements of the spatial planning structure of the Tomsk city.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89356969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability specification of crack opening in flexural reinforced concrete elements","authors":"E. P. Gerasimov","doi":"10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-1-142-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-1-142-151","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on the reliability specification of trouble-free operation crack opening in flexural reinforced concrete structures. The opening width is considered based on the reinforcement safety, i.e., safety due to corrosion.The probabilistic approach is used in this paper. Instead of traditional economic indicators, abstract values were used, i.e., measures of safety and corrosion damage of reinforcement. Both values range from 0 to 1. Basic formulas, calculation sequence and results are given herein. The probability of trouble-free operation is calculated under the assumption that all initial design parameters and external influences are distributed according to the normal law. Calculations are performed depending on the crack opening duration and maximum permissible values of crack opening width. The obtained values of the reliability specification of trouble-free operation depend on the maximum permissible values of the standard crack opening width. They not depend on the crack opening duration. Calculation results can be used in the probabilistic approach to reinforced concrete structures.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74527696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal plasma sintering of forsterite ceramics","authors":"V. Shekhovtsov, N. Skripnikova, O. A. Kunts","doi":"10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-1-166-175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-1-166-175","url":null,"abstract":"To date, new synthesis methods of forsterite (Mg2SiO4) ceramics are being searched for refractory industry. The limiting factor of Mg2SiO4  synthesis is its high melting point of 1890 °C, which makes it difficult to conduct experimental studies.The paper proposes a new method of forsterite synthesis based on thermal plasma. The plasma source is an effective medium for heating and melting refractory materials. For the Mg2SiO4 synthesis, such initial materials are used as natural and sub-standard raw materials (silica sand sifting, microsilica, magnesite). The degree of crystallinity varies from 10 to 98 %, which allows studying the formation of the phase composition at different parameters.According to powder X-ray diffraction patterns, at a MgO/SiO2 stoichiometric ratio of 1.34, the obtained melting products consist up to 90 % Mg2SiO4 and the X-ray amorphous phase content varies from 5 to 12 %. After isothermal exposure, the amorphous phase is represented by silicon dioxide in the polymorphic modification of cristobalite. According to scanning electron microscopy observations, the formation of hexagonal close-packed crystals occurs on the surface of the ceramic sample, with the size ranging from 180 to 250 µm. The elemental composition of the crystal consists of ~ 38.60 wt. % O, ~ 28.54 wt. % Mg, ~ 26.92 wt. % Si, which matches the theoretical composition of Mg2SiO4. A detailed analysis of a single crystal shows that the surface structure consists of acicular microcrystals arranged symmetrically, but at the same time overlapping each other, thereby forming a lattice structure. The growth angle between the cubic microcrystals tends to ~87–94 degrees.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87213135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Town-planning analysis of university campus location in large cities of Siberia","authors":"K. A. Maksimova, V. I. Korenev","doi":"10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-1-105-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-1-105-121","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the university infrastructure in large Siberian cities. University campuses are classified depending on their spatial organization and location in the city.Criteria are used for the evaluation of urban planning of university campuses, that determine the location of universities. Depending on a distance between campuses and academic buildings, university campuses are distinguished between low, medium and high degrees of distribution. University campuses are divided into universities locating at the center, center boundary and periphery of the city.Based on the proposed classification and town-planning analysis of academic buildings and campuses, the types of spatial structures of university campuses are determined for such large cities of the Siberian Federal District as Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, Barnaul, Kemerovo, Irkutsk.According to the town-planning analysis, the high distribution of universities is mostly often found in Krasnoyarsk and Kemerovo. Universities with low and medium distribution are typical for Barnaul, Irkutsk, and Tomsk.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74927342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of sustainable development concept to the urban structure","authors":"M. M. Kashiripoor","doi":"10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-1-35-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-1-35-49","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern world, increased attention is paid to the sustainable development of urban areas. The sustainability concept embedded in urban planning and architecture leads to the emergence of some other approaches and ideologies. While they may have different emphases, they generally agree with principles and goals of sustainable urban development. Since the end of the last century, the application of this concept in the city has influenced the city and its structure. Lonely this change must come to an omission of the quality of life and people’s relation to the environment.Purpose: The aim of this work is to examine the influence of application of the sustainable development concept to the city development; consider and analyze this concept. The main attention is paid to problems and solutions of this concept in the urban structure.Methodology/approach: Consideration of the sustainable development concept and its application in the city; the city analysis before and after the use of this concept; discussion of advantages and disadvantages of this concept.Research findings: Each city has its own system of coherent urban thinking, a solution to achieve the goal of sustainable development, and a certain approach to a structural solution.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87576585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of constitutional and legal relations in the context of the introduction of modern technologies","authors":"Stanislav A. Vasiliev","doi":"10.17223/15617793/480/27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/480/27","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of this study lies in the growing role of modern technologies in the daily life of a person, society and the state. The transformation of our life inevitably entails the need to revise the methods and ways of legal regulation. To solve such a conceptual problem, it is necessary to analyze how the practice of its application is changing within the framework of the current legal regulation. Law-abiding behavior implies, among other things, the observance of established regulations in the course of carrying out one's activities. In other words, we must meet certain standards, not go beyond certain limits, but the way in which this happens remains unnoticed. At the same time, a change in the formats of legal relations changes them and, accordingly, the subjects that participate in them. The dynamics of society should be taken into account by the state, including in the process of lawmaking. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the actual change in the essence of individual legal relations implemented within the legal framework, but in a modified format using modern technologies. To reach the aim, the following tasks were solved: (1) The features of the implementation of individual legal relations using modern technologies were considered. (2) The legal statuses of individual entities operating in classical conditions and of those using modern technologies were compared. (3) The author's theory of correlations of subjects of law, as well as the separation of the subject of law from the subject of legal relations established in the doctrine, was applied to confirm the thesis about the need to identify the relevant subjects. For the preparation of this work, methods of expert assessments were used to analyze the state of the market for modern technologies and their capabilities in areas of interest to the author. To obtain the final result, the modeling method was used. The comparative legal method was used to compare the legal regulation of different states. In addition, general scientific methods of deduction, induction, analysis and synthesis were applied. The result of the work is the conclusion about the need for a subjective distinction depending on the specifics and format of the implementation of legal relations with the use of modern technologies or without it. Some options for legal action to overcome this problem are proposed. The specificity of the implementation of social relations involves the actual transformation of the legal status of the subjects that participate in them. This situation can potentially have a negative impact on a number of social institutions, and this problem must and can be solved by legal means, the concept of which is proposed as a result.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67568497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pedagogical university students' satisfaction with preparation for interaction in educational activities in a digital society","authors":"E. Kharlanova, N. Sivrikova, S. V. Roslyakova, M. Tsiulina","doi":"10.17223/15617793/482/22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/482/22","url":null,"abstract":"Current conditions of increasing conflict and uncertainty point out the guidelines for the change of education correlated with the model of “knowledge society” and the goals of sustainable development in a digital society. These guidelines actualize the involvement of all citizens and institutions in the process of lifelong education and upbringing. These two notions as factors of national security require the readiness of future teachers and specialists in the social sphere to build constructive interaction with a wide range of participants in various realms. The transformation of professional training should be carried out considering the attitude to it of students themselves. The article conveys the results of a study of the pedagogical university students' satisfaction with the preparation for educational activities interaction under digitalization conditions. During the survey 446 third- to fifth-year students were interviewed, two groups of students were compared: future teachers (teachers of various subjects), future social sphere specialists (students majoring in social work, psychological and pedagogical education, vocational training, special (defectological) education, and management). The results of the study provided us with the structure of students' satisfaction with educational activities preparation that includes three factors: personal satisfaction, interactive satisfaction and satisfaction with theoretical and practical training. Overall, students have an average level of satisfaction with training in general, while they are relatively less satisfied with the interactive factor. The outcomes of the study established the following difference: future subject teachers are less satisfied with their preparation for interaction in the educational process than future specialists in the social sphere. The use of information technologies by students in educational activities correlates with the level of satisfaction concerning all three factors. Still, the strongest connection is revealed within interaction satisfaction. The results of the research allow us to empirically confirm the structure of the previously developed model of proactive preparation for educational activities and make relevant adjustments: (1) clarify the composition of subsystems (subject-environment, content, process); (2) update networking (expanding the range and productivity of interaction during the training period); (3) enhance the content of subsystems by including up-to-date information and communication technologies to organize students' training in the context of digitalization.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67568834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language pedagogy perspective for lawyers' intercultural communication","authors":"Ludmila V. Yarotskaya, D. V. Aleynikova","doi":"10.17223/15617793/482/23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/482/23","url":null,"abstract":"Modern lawyers practising at the international level face various difficulties while communicating with their foreign colleagues. Such obstacles may have different grounds, including discrepancies in the communicators' backgrounds and world views. In order to mitigate these discrepancies, we need to provide an entirely new approach to teaching law students intercultural professional communication at master's level. The present research aims to substantiate the concept of communication-and-action-oriented needs as a culture-specific characteristic of language identity paying greater attention to the idea of lawyer's communication-and-action-oriented needs and identifying the course's effectiveness for teaching future lawyers intercultural professional communication in colliding legal cultures based on the concept mentioned above. The following course was carried out by the authors at the Law Institute of International Law and Justice at Moscow State Linguistic University among thirty-two master's degree students. The authors of the study employed both a descriptive research design and an explanatory research design. Also, an experimental research design was used to find out how successful the course results were. Collecting data included tests. The average scores showed that the students achieved better results after completing the course. The authors applied correlation analysis to assess the correlation between the students' achievements before and after completing the course. The results of the study show that lawyer's communication-and-action-oriented needs could provide a steady basis for modeling original content for teaching young lawyers to communicate with their counterparts from other legal cultures. Having analyzed different approaches to human needs' conceptualization, the authors specify that needs possess a unique descriptive potential that proves to combine both constant and variable features. Lawyer's professional needs are always realized through actual legal practices that are only existent and meaningful in the given cultural, social and legal settings. The conducted research provided the basis for modeling original content for teaching young lawyers and let the authors of the article work out the course for master's degree students. The work results can be helpful at any law school/university in Russia to provide high-quality education for law students in English.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67568854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the relationship between Konstantin Pobedonostsev and Mikhail Katkov in the 1870s","authors":"E. Perevalova, Valery V. Perevalov","doi":"10.17223/15617793/482/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/482/8","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the relationship between Konstantin Pobedonostsev, the chief prosecutor of the Holy Synod, and Mikhail Katkov, an authoritative conservative publicist, the editor of the influential newspaper Moskovskie Vedomosti, in the 1870s. The relevance of the stated problem is due to the growing interest in the history of Russian conservative journalism and its role in the life of Russia in the second half of the 19th century. The novelty of the study consists in the introduction into scholarly discourse of little-studied material, in particular, the letters of Boleslav Markevich and Pobedonostsev. The analysis of the relations between the high-ranking official and the authoritative journalist in the years preceding the culminating period of their political careers shows the characteristic features of the political life of Russia in the 1870s, to determine the role of personal ties between representatives of the bureaucratic elite and the leaders of domestic journalism. On the basis of poorly studied archival materials, diary entries, letters and memoirs of contemporaries, the authors consider forms of interaction between Pobedonostsev and Katkov. The authors prove that, during this period, Pobedonostsev did not provide Katkov and his newspaper with significant assistance: he did not take part in finding contacts necessary for the journalist in the entourage of Alexander II and in the government, did not try to influence the decisions of the highest censorship bodies, did not provide information support, etc. On the contrary, Pobedonostsev himself needed Katkov's support during these years and could only provide moral assistance to the journalist, expressing in personal correspondence his solidarity and sympathy with his speeches in the newspaper Moskovskie Vedomosti. Katkov opposed his decisive actions, assertiveness, purposefulness, and desire to achieve the result he needed in everything to Pobedonostsev's pedantry, habit of formalism, standard, and desire to avoid significant changes. As a result, despite the closeness of views that evolved to conservatism during this period and frankness in expressing their dissatisfaction with the government course to each other, Pobedonostsev and Katkov had growing internal contradictions and misunderstandings, which eventually led to disunity between them in the 1880s, when they both began to play major roles in the entourage of Emperor Alexander III. The authors conclude that the union of Pobedonostsev and Katkov, which seemed strong and indestructible to many contemporaries, became fragile and unstable back in the 1870s, and did not contribute to the formation of a unified and clear program of Russian conservatives.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development alternatives for arms production in Russia during the reign of Peter the Great (the late 17th - first quarter of the 18th centuries) as reflected in Russian historiography","authors":"T. V. Alekseev","doi":"10.17223/15617793/480/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/480/9","url":null,"abstract":"This paper looks at how the production infrastructure for the firearms branch of the military industry emerged in Russia during the reign of Peter the Great (1689-1725). The objective of the study is to identify alternative development patterns for this industry, both in terms of methods of organizing arms production and its geographical location. In the study, the author referred to the works of Russian researchers from the pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and postSoviet periods; their historiographic analysis makes it possible to reach the research objective. Aside from the traditional methods like analysis and rising from the concrete to the abstract, common for philosophical studies, the author also applied research methods specific to history: problem chronology and prospective analysis. The research demonstrates that during Peter the Great's reign, the development of the firearms supply system for the armed forces was influenced by two trends, which took two different directions: one was the encouragement of private initiative; the other was the development of a state-funded network of arms enterprises and the centralization of the arms business in the arms makers' community (sloboda) in Tula. Ultimately, the latter trend prevailed, and the government focused its efforts on expanding the geography of arms production and searching for the most optimal location where arms enterprises could be deployed. The study documents the fate of all potential arms production hubs that emerged during Peter the Great's reign. Some of them never left the initial proposal stage (Yaroslavl, Ustyuzhna Zheleznopolskaya, ore processing plants in the Urals). Others did play a certain role in supplying the Russian army with firearms during the challenging period of the Great Northern War but gradually ceased their operations when the war was over (the Olonets plants (Lipetsk and Petrovsky plants), the arms enterprise in Tobolsk). Moscow, which used to be an important firearms production hub before Peter rose to the throne, lost this status under the new ruler, just as its status as Russia's capital. The new capital, St. Petersburg, was never even intended to be an arms hub. In the author's opinion, the government policy on building up Russia's arms industry prioritized the development of the long-established production assets in Tula (Tula Arms Plant) and the construction of a new arms plant in Sestroretsk, northwest Russia, within immediate reach of the Great Northern War's front lines. These state enterprises, along with the Izhevsk Arms Plant, which was built in the early 19th century, became the key suppliers of firearms for the Russian army and navy throughout the entire imperial period.","PeriodicalId":45402,"journal":{"name":"Tomsk State University Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67568785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}