Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging最新文献

Stature estimation in Iranian population from x-ray measurements of femur and tibia bones 从股骨和胫骨的x射线测量估计伊朗人口的身高

Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100343

Maryam Ramezani , Vahid Shokri , Ali Ghanbari , Zeynab Salehi , Kamal Aldin Niknami

{"title":"Stature estimation in Iranian population from x-ray measurements of femur and tibia bones","authors":"Maryam Ramezani , Vahid Shokri , Ali Ghanbari , Zeynab Salehi , Kamal Aldin Niknami","doi":"10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Stature estimation of human skeletal remains is important in medico-legal and forensic anthropology to personal identification. Several investigations have been carried out to estimating the height using the long bones. This study aimed was prediction the height of Iranian people based on the maximum length of femur and tibia by application of X-Ray method.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study was conducted in the radiology department of Baqiyatallah Hospital of Tehran, Iran between 2017 and 2018. The number of 166 adult women and men were investigated during the study period. Maximum lengths of the tibia and femur bones were measured on the X-Ray images. In the following, the data were analyzed by SPSS (ver. 22).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed that there was a correlation between the stature and both of the femur and tibia lengths in the men and women (P-value <0.001). However, the highest values of correlation coefficient (R) were detected between the stature and lengths of the men's tibia (<em>R</em> = 0.838) and femur (<em>R</em> = 0.815) and lowest values were identified in the tibia (<em>R</em> = 0.467) and femur(<em>R</em> = 0.431) lengths of the women, respectively. The lowest value for standard error of the estimation (SEE) and the highest value for the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) were observed in multiple regression equation derived from the lengths of the men's femur and tibia (R<sup>2</sup>=0.736 and SEE=5.64).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Data confirmed that lengths of the tibia and femur of the men yield the best results in terms of the accuracy of the stature estimation in Iranian population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44972069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Fatal obstructive asphyxia: Trans-pulmonary density gradient characteristic as relevant identifier in postmortem CT 致死性阻塞性窒息:经肺密度梯度特征作为死后CT的相关标识

Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100337

Wolf Schweitzer , Michael Thali

{"title":"Fatal obstructive asphyxia: Trans-pulmonary density gradient characteristic as relevant identifier in postmortem CT","authors":"Wolf Schweitzer , Michael Thali","doi":"10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To investigate effects of obstructive asphyxia on the postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) appearance of lungs, we matched 24 cases of obstructive asphyxia with age-sex matched controls. The initial qualitative impression was that obstructive asphyxia typically appeared to correlate with absence or reduced postmortem hypostasis as well as increased pulmonary radiotranslucency. Categories initially included within obstructive asphyxia were fatal aspiration of gastric contents into lungs, fatally blocked trachea or bronchi due to foreign body, fatal ligature strangulation, fatal manual strangulation and smothering. Method: We manually placed density profile vectors, with start at positionally dependent locations of each lung to derive PMCT densities for multivariate statistics. As fatal gastric content aspiration cases did not significantly differ from the controls, they were re-grouped into the control group for further testing. Results: Quantitatively, the obstructive asphyxia case group featured reduced or absent postmortem hypostasis in the lungs and an overall lower density. Linear multivariate statistics (general linear models, linear discriminant analysis) performed relatively poorly, whereas ”shallow” neural networks yielded significantly better discrimination. With disjunct training and test sets, neural networks achieved correct recognition rates (CRR) of obstructive asphyxia cases of over 95%. Conclusions: Within a more narrowly defined collective of obstructive asphyxia, pulmonary PMCT data appears to contain sufficient information to justify its use in a screening process. This questions the value of an exclusively death scene focused decision making for further investigations and may justify a wider use of PMCT. Conversely, obstructive asphyxia remains difficult to diagnose conclusively based on PMCT alone, so a full autopsy including toxicological analysis are recommended in such cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47729988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Accuracy of computed radiography in osteometry: A comparison of digital imaging techniques and the effect of magnification 骨测量中计算机x线摄影的准确性:数字成像技术和放大效果的比较

Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100348

Rachael M. Carew , Mark D. Viner , Gerald Conlogue , Nicholas Márquez-Grant , Sophie Beckett

{"title":"Accuracy of computed radiography in osteometry: A comparison of digital imaging techniques and the effect of magnification","authors":"Rachael M. Carew , Mark D. Viner , Gerald Conlogue , Nicholas Márquez-Grant , Sophie Beckett","doi":"10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Osteometric data may be obtained using digital imaging techniques, such as post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) and digital radiography, non-invasively and without ethical objection. Osteometric data from PMCT is known to be as accurate as taking direct measurements. Digital radiography is more accessible and affordable than PMCT but is limited due to the magnification of its subjects.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To investigate the viability of implementing digital radiographic techniques for measurement of long bones, and to establish whether magnification can be accurately corrected for.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Twenty hind pig (<em>Sus scrofa</em>) legs were imaged using computed radiography (CR) and PMCT, and osteometric data obtained from the digital images and 3D CT volume reconstructions. Direct measurements were taken following maceration. A calibration object was imaged using CR, to provide magnification correction factors.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Accuracy was determined by mean absolute error (AE), giving values of 3.3 ± 2.5 mm for PMCT (MPR), 2.4 ± 1.3 mm for PMCT (3D), 11.1 ± 7.4 mm for CR (PA), and 18.3 ± 14.5 mm for CR (LAT). PMCT data was more accurate than CR data. Through applying correction for magnification, CR data became closer to the direct measurement data, and stature estimation was substantially altered.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Magnification in computed radiography affects osteometric data and resulting stature estimations. Applying correction factors may be a viable option for improving accuracy. For digital radiography to be used reliably in forensic anthropology, further empirical research is needed to validate a magnification correction method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42764095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

The trepanned skull from Comiso (Ragusa): Trauma, surgery, and care in Modern Age Sicily 来自科米索(拉古萨)的穿孔头骨:现代西西里的创伤、手术和护理

Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100342

Dario Piombino-Mascali , Raimondas Juškys , Marcello Longo , Robert Loynes

引用次数: 2

Juvenile versus adult: A new approach for age estimation from 3-dimensional analyses of the mandibular third molar apices 青少年与成人:从下颌第三磨牙尖的三维分析中估计年龄的新方法

Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100347

Muhammad Khan Asif , Norliza Ibrahim , Samah M. Al-Amery , Jacob John , Phrabhakaran Nambiar

{"title":"Juvenile versus adult: A new approach for age estimation from 3-dimensional analyses of the mandibular third molar apices","authors":"Muhammad Khan Asif , Norliza Ibrahim , Samah M. Al-Amery , Jacob John , Phrabhakaran Nambiar","doi":"10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rapidly evolving three-dimensional imaging techniques can be effectively employed in forensic sciences to overcome the limitations of two-dimensional imaging modalities. The aim of the present study was to find a threshold value of 18 years age among Malays to differentiate juvenile verses adults based on three-dimensional image analysis of developing mandibular third molars apices. The study also investigated the correlation between chronological age and the surface area of developing mandibular third molars apices. Malay specific regression equation for age estimation was derived. Seventy three mandibular molars were selected from 73 CBCT images belonging to 37 male and 36 female, ranging in age from 15 to 23 years. Mimics and 3-Matics software were employed to generate 3D image models and quantification of surface area analysis of developing mandibular third molars. The results indicated a strong inverse correlation (<em>r </em>= 0.918, SE = 1.025) between chronological age and the predictor variables. The R-Square (R2) value showed that 84.2% of the variation in age can be explained by surface area of the apices, and status of the root development (open/closed apices). Post hoc analysis indicated that the mean value of apex surface area of 18 years age group was significantly different from the mean values of 15, 16, 17, 22 and 23 years age groups. The results indicated that (based on the 95% confidence interval) if the apex surface area is below 9.25 mm<sup>2</sup>, then it is more likely that the Malay person is 18 years of age or above, irrespective of gender.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44929230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Evaluation of the suitability of cranial measurements obtained from surface-rendered CT scans of living people for estimating sex and ancestry 对活人表面渲染CT扫描获得的头颅测量值用于估计性别和祖先的适用性的评价

Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100338

Terrie L. Simmons-Ehrhardt , Christopher J. Ehrhardt , Keith L. Monson

{"title":"Evaluation of the suitability of cranial measurements obtained from surface-rendered CT scans of living people for estimating sex and ancestry","authors":"Terrie L. Simmons-Ehrhardt , Christopher J. Ehrhardt , Keith L. Monson","doi":"10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Craniometric data from computed tomography (CT) head scans of 287 living Americans of three descent groups (African, Asian, European) and both sexes were analyzed for measurement precision. Classification accuracy was estimated by a leave-one-out cross validation, and group means were compared to the Forensic Data Bank (FDB). Landmarks were placed on 3D surface models of the skulls to approximate traditional cranial measurements utilized in sex and ancestry estimations. From repeat measurements by one observer on a subset of skulls (<em>n</em> = 14) reflecting 14 different CT protocols, the least precise landmark was euryon (SD ≤ 4.09 mm) and the least precise distances according to the coefficient of reliability (< 0.95) were orbital breadth, nasal height, and frontal and parietal chords. CT group means were generally larger than FDB means. However, successful classifications of FDB group means into CT groups and vice versa (except for Asians) for both sex and ancestry suggest that cranial measurements taken from clinical CT scans from living individuals are comparable to traditional cranial measurements from individuals in osteological databases. Certain cranial measurements need further examination to determine how best to collect data from CT scans in a way that is most compatible with existing dry skull measurements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100338","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46318299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Explanation for the contradiction between the results of Diallo et al. (doi:10.1016/j.jofri.2018.10.001) and Winklhofer et al. (doi:10.1097/RLI.0000000000000032) in differentiating ferromagnetic from nonferromagnetic bullets by means of the dual-energy index 对Diallo等人(doi:10.1016/j.j jori .2018.10.001)与Winklhofer等人(doi:10.1097/RLI.0000000000000032)用双能指标区分铁磁弹与非铁磁弹的结果矛盾的解释

Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100351

Dominic Gascho, Niklaus Zoelch, Sarah Schaerli

引用次数: 3

Bird hunting is to go where the birds are: Alleged single lethal firearm shot to a pigeon in a suburban region 猎鸟是去鸟所在的地方:据称，在郊区，一只鸽子被一枪打死

Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100339

Sebastian Eggert, Michael Thali, Wolf Schweitzer

{"title":"Bird hunting is to go where the birds are: Alleged single lethal firearm shot to a pigeon in a suburban region","authors":"Sebastian Eggert, Michael Thali, Wolf Schweitzer","doi":"10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Background</em> A witness reported to the police that a common wood pigeon (<em>columba palumbus)</em> lifelessly had dropped on her balcony immediately after a shot was heard. The dead animal at first appeared to exhibit just a single neck injury. An initial X-ray by the forensic scientist remained unspectacular. Thus it was referred to our unit.</p><p><em>Case / methods</em> The pigeon underwent post mortem computed tomography (PMCT) scanning. The bird was first examined and documented as it was. To examine the skin, the feathers were plucked. Then, a partial autopsy was performed (the skull was not opened).</p><p><em>Results</em> The animal did not show a leg ring. The injury constellation identified a wound track by a single bullet, not typical for an air gun or for shotgun pellets. PMCT showed a multitude of CT-dense round small objects in the pigeon’s craw. Feather damage was consistent with a sitting (not flying) position of the wings. An oblique single wound track was identified from the left leg to the right anterolateral throat region, right through the craw where the exit wound imposed as widely gaping crater-like wound of the throat. The skeletal muscles and organs appeared to be pale. The ascendent aorta had been severed.</p><p><em>Conclusions</em> Conclusive results such as in an assumedly shot animal greatly benefit from a step wise approach. The PMCT results enhance the autopsy findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46903270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Sex identification from foramen magnum using computed tomography scanning in a sample of Egyptian population 利用计算机断层扫描对埃及人枕骨大孔进行性别鉴定

Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100341

Heba I. Lashin , Basma S. Eldeeb , Mona M. Ghonem

{"title":"Sex identification from foramen magnum using computed tomography scanning in a sample of Egyptian population","authors":"Heba I. Lashin , Basma S. Eldeeb , Mona M. Ghonem","doi":"10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Foramen magnum (FM) attains an increasing interest regarding sex identification among different populations. Computed tomography (CT) is considered a reliable modality for FM examination for forensic purposes.</p></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><p>The current study is aiming to investigate FM measurements and shape as a forensic tool for sex identification in a sample of Egyptian population using CT imaging technology.</p></div><div><h3>Subjects and Methods</h3><p>The study included cranial CT images of 200 adult Egyptian individuals (100 males, 100 females) using 320-row multi-detector CT scanner. Sagittal and transverse diameters, index, circumference and area of FM were obtained. FM area was measured automatically and also calculated according to Radinsky's and Teixeria's formulae. FM morphology was also reported.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All FM measurements except FM index were significantly higher in males compared to females. There was no statistical correlation between FM measurements and age. The best overall sex prediction was reported for FM circumference and area measured automatically (67% each), followed by FM area calculated by Radinsky's and Teixeria's formulae (65.5% and 65% respectively), then FM transverse and sagittal diameters (63.5% and 60% respectively). The prediction was raised to 69% when FM circumference, area measured automatically and transverse diameter were combined. Hexagonal and irregular shapes were the most commonly reported shapes in males and females respectively with no statistical difference regarding shape distribution between males and females.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>FM measurements are valid sex discriminators in the present Egyptian sample.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46146873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Aims and scope/Editorial board 目标和范围/编委会

Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2212-4780(19)30130-3

引用次数: 0