IZA Journal of Labor Policy最新文献_第5页

Patterns of Overeducation in Europe: The Role of Field of Study 欧洲的过度教育模式：研究领域的作用

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IZA Journal of Labor Policy Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/izajolp-2019-0003

A. Rossen, Christina Boll, André Wolf

引用次数: 18

The World’s Oldest Profession? Employment-Age Profiles from the Transactional Sex Market 世界上最古老的职业?交易性市场的就业年龄概况

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IZA Journal of Labor Policy Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/izajolp-2019-0001

Nicholas L. Wilson

引用次数: 1

Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Implications for the Future of Work 人工智能经济学：对未来工作的启示

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IZA Journal of Labor Policy Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/izajolp-2019-0004

Ekkehardt Ernst, Rossana Merola, Daniel Samaan

{"title":"Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Implications for the Future of Work","authors":"Ekkehardt Ernst, Rossana Merola, Daniel Samaan","doi":"10.2478/izajolp-2019-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/izajolp-2019-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current wave of technological change based on advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) has created widespread fear of job loss and further rises in inequality. This paper discusses the rationale for these fears, highlighting the specific nature of AI and comparing previous waves of automation and robotization with the current advancements made possible by a widespread adoption of AI. It argues that large opportunities in terms of increases in productivity can ensue, including for developing countries, given the vastly reduced costs of capital that some applications have demonstrated and the potential for productivity increases, especially among the low skilled. At the same time, risks in the form of further increases in inequality need to be addressed if the benefits from AI-based technological progress are to be broadly shared. For this, skills policies are necessary but not sufficient. In addition, new forms of regulating the digital economy are called for that prevent further rises in market concentration, ensure proper data protection and privacy, and help share the benefits of productivity growth through the combination of profit sharing, (digital) capital taxation, and a reduction in working time. The paper calls for a moderately optimistic outlook on the opportunities and risks from AI, provided that policymakers and social partners take the particular characteristics of these new technologies into account.","PeriodicalId":45367,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/izajolp-2019-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41674853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Population with Criminal Records and Racial Disparity in Labor Markets 有犯罪记录的人口与劳动力市场的种族差异

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IZA Journal of Labor Policy Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/IZAJOLP-2019-0002

J. Boatner

引用次数: 1

Sympathy for the Devil? Exploring Flexicurity Win–Win Promises 同情魔鬼？探索灵活双赢承诺

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IZA Journal of Labor Policy Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/izajolp-2019-0009

P. Pedraza, M. Álvarez‐Díaz, M. Domínguez-Torreiro

{"title":"Sympathy for the Devil? Exploring Flexicurity Win–Win Promises","authors":"P. Pedraza, M. Álvarez‐Díaz, M. Domínguez-Torreiro","doi":"10.2478/izajolp-2019-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/izajolp-2019-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Flexicurity is the combination of more flexibility for employers and more security for workers. It is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that lacks a well-developed monitoring framework or a statistically consistent grouping of the indicators. First, this paper proposes a conceptual framework by building upon the Wilthagen and Tros (2004) flexicurity matrix and the Danish Golden Triangle. It constructs flexicurity “drivers” by pooling together variables that are conceptually related to each other and a specific type of flexibility or security. Then, it obtains statistically consistent aggregate measures for each driver and selects three drivers that represent the three corners of the Danish “golden triangle”: external numerical flexibility, employment security, and income security. It conducts an empirical analysis on the evolution of the selected flexicurity drivers over time and across European Union (EU) countries and on the relationship between selected flexicurity drivers and social outcomes from the Social Scoreboard of the European Pillar of Social Rights. It finds evidence of convergence on external numerical flexibility and polarization on employment and income security across the EU. It finds that higher flexibility at the onset of the crisis contributed to a reduction in the unemployment rates after the crisis, while a more generous welfare system contributed to reducing poverty. Employment security, however, appears to be linked to the presence of higher levels of income inequality after the crisis.","PeriodicalId":45367,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49301838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The Impact of Parental Leave Policy on Child-Rearing and Employment Behavior: The Case of Germany 产假政策对子女抚养和就业行为的影响:以德国为例

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IZA Journal of Labor Policy Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/izajolp-2019-0007

S. Chirkova

{"title":"The Impact of Parental Leave Policy on Child-Rearing and Employment Behavior: The Case of Germany","authors":"S. Chirkova","doi":"10.2478/izajolp-2019-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/izajolp-2019-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Parental leave and child care are important instruments of family policies to improve work–family balance. This paper studies the impact of the substantial change in Germany’s parental leave system on maternal employment. The aim of the reform was to decrease birth-related maternal employment breaks by providing more generous parental benefits for a shorter period of time. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel data for 2002–2015, I exploited quasi-experimental variation in the benefits to estimate the impact of the reform. I incorporated the mother’s decision to substitute her care time with the public child care. To control for the availability of child care, I used spatial and temporal variation in the availability of childcare slots. Overall, I did not find significant changes in maternal employment during the first three years of motherhood after the reform implementation. Only for high-income mothers, the reform produced a significant decrease in the employment participation during the first year of leave and an increase in employment probability after the benefits expired. The empirical findings suggest that the restriction in the childcare availability became an important constraint for the employment effect of the reform.","PeriodicalId":45367,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46665042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Does universal long-term care insurance boost female labor force participation? Macro-level evidence 全民长期护理保险是否促进了女性劳动力的参与？宏观层面的证据

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IZA Journal of Labor Policy Pub Date : 2019-03-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3345247

M. Ando, M. Furuichi, Y. Kaneko

{"title":"Does universal long-term care insurance boost female labor force participation? Macro-level evidence","authors":"M. Ando, M. Furuichi, Y. Kaneko","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3345247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3345247","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although a public long-term care (LTC) program is a potentially important factor for the labor supply of female informal caregivers, there are only a handful of individual-level studies on this topic and the macro-level impacts of LTC programs are still largely unknown. Exploiting the introduction of nationwide long-term care insurance (LTCI) in Japan and utilizing a synthetic control method, we examine how LTCI introduction has altered the trends of public expenditures on in-kind benefits for the elderly, public health expenditure, and female labor force participation. The estimation results using the panel data of OECD countries (1980–2013) suggest that LTCI introduction substantially increased the in-kind benefits for the elderly by around one percentage point of GDP 10 years after LTCI introduction, but we do not find a positive effect on the labor force participation for middle-aged women. The fact that we do not observe any positive LTCI effects on middle-aged female labor force participation on a macro level implies that positive LTCI effects on female labor supply observed in some previous microlevel studies may be cancelled out by some other factors or are small enough to be detected under a general-equilibrium setting.","PeriodicalId":45367,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45894446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Countercyclical fiscal policy and gender employment: evidence from the G-7 countries 反周期财政政策与性别就业：来自七国集团国家的证据

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IZA Journal of Labor Policy Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5089/9781484390054.001

B. Akitoby, Jiro Honda, Hiroaki Miyamoto

引用次数: 10

Wage subsidies targeted to jobseekers with disabilities: subsequent employment and disability retirement 针对残疾求职者的工资补贴：后续就业和残疾退休

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IZA Journal of Labor Policy Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.1186/S40173-018-0105-9

N. Angelov, M. Eliason

引用次数: 4

A policy for the size of individual unemployment accounts 个人失业账户规模政策

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IZA Journal of Labor Policy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1186/S40173-018-0102-Z

R. Castro, Michael Weber, G. Reyes

引用次数: 1