Levant最新文献

{"title":"Coins from south of the North Gate of Jerash","authors":"Adnan Shiyyab, Thomas Bauzou","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.1939482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1939482","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a descriptive and analytical study of a group of bronze coins discovered in the northern part of Jerash. The aim of this study is to shed light on the history of this part of the city through the coins. The result of this analysis shows that these coins represent the historical periods, starting with the Greek, followed by the Nabataean, Roman and finally early Islamic period. It is noticeable that Greek, Nabataean and Islamic coins are few in number and represent only a very small percentage of the total; Romans coins account for the vast majority. An important point of note is the absence of Byzantine coins within the group.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45120975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Frankish Castle of Dor","authors":"S. Lantos, A. Yasur‐Landau, Gil Gambash, Rabei G. Khamisy","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.1983285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1983285","url":null,"abstract":"The Castle of Dor occupied a strategically important location on the Carmel Coast in Israel. This little-known castle has been identified by modern scholarship with Crusader Merle. A new excavation, conducted in 2018, produced finds which shed light on the architecture and time of use of the castle. The excavation revealed an elaborate building, constructed in two building phases at the very least. The new finds, together with the historical accounts, indicate that the use of the excavated building may be dated to the 12th and 13th centuries. Comparing the historical sources with the results of the excavation, it is suggested that this building belonged to the Templar occupation of the site. It thus provides new information regarding the history of the Templars, as well as that of the medieval Carmel coast micro-region more broadly.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42853014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absolute chronology of Black Wheel Made Ware in the southern Levant and its synchronization with the northern Levant","authors":"Ronen Lev, Shlomit Bechar, K. Covello-Paran, E. Boaretto","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.1960003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1960003","url":null,"abstract":"Black Wheel Made Ware (BWMW) is a distinguished pottery-type of the Intermediate Bronze Age (EB IV) in the Levant, a period dated to the second half of the 3rd millennium BCE. Considerable research was done both on the origin of BWMW and on how these vessels reflect inter-regional relations. This paper presents the first radiocarbon-based absolute dating of BWMW contexts, sampled from a few sites in northern Israel. These 14C dates clearly point to the 23rd century BCE as the period when BWMW was a circulated commodity in the southern Levant. Pottery types that are commonly found together with BWMW are potential candidates for the same chronological horizon. BWMW examples found in the northern Levant have no associated absolute dates and are assigned in general to the EB IVB period. Thus, the new dates presented here are, currently, the only secure absolute dating of BWMW pottery and should be used to revisit the absolute chronology of northern Levant sites where BWMW pottery has been identified.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49506132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Social Archaeology of the Levant. From Prehistory to the Present","authors":"T. Kiely","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.1981741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1981741","url":null,"abstract":"In the forward to this varied and stimulating collection of essays on the archaeology of the southern Levant from the Palaeolithic to the present day, Thomas Levy (p. xvii) recalls how his 1998 edited volume The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land was praised by Kent Flannery for helping the Old Testament meet the New Archaeology. Sketching an agenda for the 21st century, Levy emphasises five new or revamped themes: transdisciplinary research; the application of science to historical biblical archaeology; ‘cyber-archaeology’; high-precision dating; and climatic and environmental approaches. For Levy, social archaeology ‘aims at the ‘big picture’ of what happens in society, how it happened, how it changes, and how it is reflected in the archaeological (material culture) record’ (p. xvii). Yet, even by the time Levy 1998 was published, ‘social archaeology’ was being defined in much broader terms, reflecting a range of post-modern and post-colonial paradigms. Among other things, this ‘turn’ sought to interrogate basic methodologies (especially positivism and presentism) and to question accepted social categories (such as personhood, gender, ethnicity, race), as well as to investigate how archaeological discourse was distorted by contemporary and/or Western or colonial attitudes and epistemologies. This expanded understanding of social archaeology is introduced in the editors’ prologue to the present volume, though it is applied somewhat unevenly throughout the text, and in some cases not really addressed at all. This is not helped by the uneven presentation of material culture and archaeological contexts, or of maps and chronological charts to allow easy comparison across a highly compartmentalised structure. The book cannot, therefore, be regarded as a handbook, or indeed, as an entirely satisfactory guide for scholars working outside the discipline, whose questions on a range of topics will not be readily answered. Finally, the reality that the volume is really about the southern Levant is relegated to a footnote on p. 5 — the editors imply that the volume began with broader aims, retaining the, presumably, more marketable title. The first four sections, 26 essays in total, provide a chronological narrative beginning with the ‘dawn’ of human presence in the region, with some thematic interludes: Shahack-Gross, for example, discusses the social and technological implications of fire from the Palaeolithic to the Iron Age (Chapter 5), whilst Sheridan focuses on comingled human bone assemblages in the Bronze Age, Iron Age and Byzantine periods (Chapter 11). The overall chronological coverage of the volume is impressive, from the Lower Palaeolithic to the Frankish period. Levy 1998 made it down to the British Mandate, though the present volume covers some aspects of the latter through the lenses of excavation histories, colonialism and modern heritage (Chapters 32 and 33) which raise important contemporary issues. The chapters of Part One grapple i","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44274614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional mineralogical and technological characterization of Cypriot Iron Age pottery: a view from Tel Dor","authors":"Paula Waiman-Barak, A. Georgiadou, A. Gilboa","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.1972609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1972609","url":null,"abstract":"Excavations at Tel Dor, a Phoenician site on the northern coast of Israel, produced one of the most varied and best-stratified assemblages of Cypriot Iron Age ceramics ever found outside Cyprus. A long-term investigation of the nature of socio-economic liaisons between Dor and Cyprus, inter alia, by identifying through ceramic typology and petrography the specific Cypriot production centres that sent their products to Dor is currently in progress. This paper focuses on the analytical identification of production centres first suggested by macroscopic observations; temporal trajectories and cultural implications are addressed only preliminarily. The results indicate that the Cypriot vessels that reached Dor were only produced at Salamis, Kition, Amathus and Paphos, and that the vista of imports at Dor keeps changing throughout the period under consideration. This is the most comprehensive analytical study of Cypriot Iron Age ceramic fabrics to date. It has the potential to build a foundation for provenance studies of Cypriot Iron Age ceramic fabrics and the interconnections they embody. It is constrained, however, by the fact it was mainly production centres represented at Dor that were studied.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43981645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Worked sheep and gazelle foot bones as possible figurative representations: a 12,000-year-old cluster of artifacts from Shubayqa 6, Jordan","authors":"L. Yeomans, Unn Gelting, Kathryn Killackey, A. Pantos, Asta Salicath Halvorsen, T. Richter","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.1974206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1974206","url":null,"abstract":"The use of animal bones to form figurative representations is well documented ethnographically and archaeologically. In this paper, we describe an intriguing group of bones from Shubayqa 6, a transitional Late Natufian and Pre-Pottery Neolithic A site in north-east Jordan, and consider the possibility that these bones are figurative representations. The assemblage is comprised of sets of articulating phalanges, from 21 limbs of wild sheep and gazelle, found as part of a group of artefacts. If this tentative interpretation for the Shubayqa 6 bones is correct, future discussions on the frequency of figurative representations by communities at the transition from hunting and foraging to agriculture in Southwest Asia may benefit from broader consideration of bones clusters.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42794048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silence of the birds: avifauna exploitation during a period of increasing reliance on domesticates at Late Neolithic Tell Sabi Abyad, Syria","authors":"Daniel A. Vos, A. Russell","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.1957366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1957366","url":null,"abstract":"A sample of 219 bird bones, from the Late Neolithic levels at Tell Sabi Abyad, located in the Balikh Valley, Northern Syria, was analysed. These remains informed about the ecological setting of the site, showing it to be permanently occupied, rather than used only seasonally. The practice of fowling at Tell Sabi Abyad was investigated, and both the economic and cultural importance of the birds through time is discussed. The recovery of avifaunal remains from certain phases of occupation, along with their low quantities or absence in others, might reflect changes in subsistence taking place at Tell Sabi Abyad around 6300 BC. This small, but important, sample of bird bones adds to the limited published data available on the avifauna of the Late Neolithic of Northern Syria.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45609901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The southern Levantine earthquake of 418/419 AD and the archaeology of Byzantine Petra","authors":"I. W. Jones","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.1916157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1916157","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a critical review of the archaeological, geological and historical evidence concerning the southern Levantine earthquake of 418/419 AD, specifically its effects on Petra. Historical accounts indicate that the earthquake caused destruction in Jerusalem and elsewhere, but archaeological evidence is sparse. Numerous destruction layers at sites in the Galilee were attributed to the 418/419 earthquake, but these attributions have all been questioned due to the presence of material in these layers post-dating the early 5th century AD. To the south, the attribution of the destruction of the Spätrömisch II phase at al-Zantur, in Petra, to this earthquake has largely been accepted. This paper reviews the published evidence and determines that this, too, has been dated too early. Based on this evidence, I suggest that the destruction of al-Zantur Spätrömisch II occurred in the 6th century and argue that the 418/419 earthquake was a relatively minor event, primarily affecting the Jerusalem region. This has bearing on the dating of diagnostic artifact types found in this phase, notably the Negev wheel-made lamp, which I argue should be considered a reliable indicator of dates in the 6th–7th century AD. This, in turn, has implications for the dating of other sites, notably the Petra Church.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.2021.1916157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49152564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Late 4th millennium BCE cylinder-seal amulet from Tel Yaqush and its contribution to the understanding of EB I–II communities in the Central Jordan Valley","authors":"Yael Rotem, M. Iserlis, A. Rosenblum, M. Rothman","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.1926723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1926723","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with a unique stone object found at the Early Bronze Age site of Tel Yaqush in the Central Jordan Valley. The object is understood by the authors to be a cylinder-seal amulet with incised geometric motifs, locally produced by a non-specialist craftsman in imitation of specialized seals of local glyptic tradition. The paper presents the object as part of the emerging local glyptic tradition of the period and discusses its significance to the understanding of social and cultural trends as related to the EB I–II chronological horizon in the region. The attempt to imitate a specialized object used to impress pottery vessels from a centralized ceramic production centre elicits a profound discussion on the concept of imitation and its social roots. It may be studied and interpreted using a network approach, which provides a good analytical tool to explore the village of Yaqush and its interactions within EB I–II southern Levantine social systems. Yaqush’s singular object and its specific archaeological context, serve as a basis to explore the occurrences of the 31st–30th centuries BCE and discuss relations between the Jordan Valley communities, and the way they are maintained by cultural transmission through objects and practices in this period.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.2021.1926723","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43316862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"House of a king, house of a god? Situating and distinguishing palaces and temples within the architectonic landscape of the Middle and Late Bronze Age southern Levant","authors":"Matthew Susnow, Nurith Goshen","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.1935097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1935097","url":null,"abstract":"Two different types of monumental architecture arise as part of the urban landscape of the Middle and Late Bronze Ages in the southern Levant: palaces and temples. While these architectural feats stand out as different from domestic architecture, there is little discourse on what defines a space as a palace or as a temple. This article uses access analysis to demonstrate that, in terms of space syntax, the complexity and organizational schemes of palaces and temples are exceptionally divergent. As such, this study also investigates whether the ancient Near Eastern linguistic traditions of referring to palaces and temples as houses, accords with the archaeological record in the Levant. The study concludes that while the syntactic properties and architecture of palaces are modelled on contemporary courtyard houses, temples comprise a completely different category of space that neither resembles the syntax nor the architecture of palaces or houses. The utility of this approach for distinguishing Levantine architecture types is demonstrated by applying it in the analysis of two debated structures from the southern Levant: the Middle Bronze Age courtyard complex at Shechem and Late Bronze Age Building 7050 at Hazor.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.2021.1935097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46545873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}