Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health最新文献_第9页

Assessment of Interventions to Improve Air Quality in a Livestock Building. 改善畜舍空气质素的干预措施评估。

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Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health Pub Date : 2017-11-20 DOI: 10.13031/jash.12426

T Renée Anthony, Anthony Y Yang, Thomas M Peters

{"title":"Assessment of Interventions to Improve Air Quality in a Livestock Building.","authors":"T Renée Anthony, Anthony Y Yang, Thomas M Peters","doi":"10.13031/jash.12426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.12426","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effectiveness of engineering controls to reduce contaminant concentrations in a swine farrowing room during winter in the U.S. Midwest. Over two winters, changes in air quality were evaluated following installation of a 1700 m3 h-1 (1000 cfm) recirculating ventilation system to provide 5.4 air exchanges per hour. This system incorporated one of two readily available dust control systems, one based on filtration and the other on cyclonic treatment. A second treatment evaluated reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) associated with replacement of standard, unvented gas-fired heaters with new vented heaters, installed between the two winter test periods. The concentrations of carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide were negligible in the test room. Although concentrations of ammonia increased over each winter test period, the increase was unrelated to increased air movement from the new recirculating ventilation system. The dust concentrations were significantly reduced by the ventilation system for both inhalable dust (23% to 44% with filtration, 33% with cyclone) and respirable dust (32% with filtration, 20% with cyclone), significant (p 0.024) for all except respirable dust using the cyclone (p = 0.141). The filtration unit is recommended to improve livestock building air quality because it was more effective than the cyclone unit at reducing respirable dust. Carbon dioxide concentrations were significantly lower with vented heaters (mean = 1400 ppm, SD = 330 ppm) compared to unvented heaters (mean = 2480 ppm, SD = 160 ppm). A 940 ppm reduction in CO2 was attributed to the use of the vented heater, after accounting for differences in outdoor temperatures and animal housing over both test periods. The benefits of readily available technology to significantly reduce concentrations of dust and CO2 demonstrates useful control options to improve air quality in swine buildings.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":"23 4","pages":"247-263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13031/jash.12426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35251867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Evaluation of Low-Cost Hydrogen Sulfide Monitors for Use in Livestock Production. 用于畜牧生产的低成本硫化氢监测仪的评价。

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Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health Pub Date : 2017-11-20 DOI: 10.13031/jash.12530

Jessica M Beswick-Honn, Thomas M Peters, T Renée Anthony

{"title":"Evaluation of Low-Cost Hydrogen Sulfide Monitors for Use in Livestock Production.","authors":"Jessica M Beswick-Honn, Thomas M Peters, T Renée Anthony","doi":"10.13031/jash.12530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.12530","url":null,"abstract":"Direct-reading gas monitors warn workers of the risk of potentially fatal hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exposures that may arise during manure handling. Low-cost, low-maintenance H2S monitors are available from many manufacturers, but differences in their features and performance make selection challenging for farmers. Moreover, little information is available on the practical maintenance and performance of these devices in agricultural environments. The objective of this study was to provide information to agricultural workers to aid in the selection, maintenance, and use of low-cost H2S monitors. This laboratory study evaluated the performance of several low-cost monitors over a simulated period of use of one year in a swine barn. Four models were exposed to H2S concentrations of 1 to 10 ppm over 18 weeks to examine the drift in reported concentration and changes in the alarm reaction time. Over the simulated barn year, the performance of alarm-only monitors declined faster than that of monitors displaying the H2S concentration. Of concern was the high-level (20 ppm) alarm failures after an equivalent of 139 days (Altair) and 289 days (BW Clip) in a swine barn, well within the monitor's reported shelf-life. Models displaying concentration exhibited fewer failures but were inaccurate in the displayed concentration when challenged with 20 ppm of H2S. The T40 Rattler provided consistently higher readings (+2.3 ppm), and the Pac 3500 showed consistently lower readings (-3.4 ppm) when challenged with 20 ppm. This study confirms the need for routine bump tests for these low-cost monitors to ensure that the monitor reacts to the presence of H2S, even if the manufacturer does not recommend this procedure. Most importantly, agricultural workers should inspect and bump test these monitors prior to any potentially high-risk activity, such as manure agitation, pumping, or pressure washing, to ensure that the monitor appropriately detects and warns users.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":"23 4","pages":"265-279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13031/jash.12530","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35251868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Likelihood of Entanglement when Materials are Dropped Vertically onto a Rotating PTO Knuckle. 当材料垂直掉落到旋转的PTO关节上时，缠绕的可能性。

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Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health Pub Date : 2017-11-20 DOI: 10.13031/jash.12562

Charles V Schwab, Isaac J Rempe

{"title":"Likelihood of Entanglement when Materials are Dropped Vertically onto a Rotating PTO Knuckle.","authors":"Charles V Schwab, Isaac J Rempe","doi":"10.13031/jash.12562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.12562","url":null,"abstract":"Power take-off (PTO) is a common method of transferring power from a tractor to a towed piece of machinery. The PTO is also a well-documented cause of severe and often permanent disabling injuries to farm operators. The physical conditions that cause entanglements are not well established. Several studies have explored the parameters of PTO entanglements as materials have been drawn across a rotating PTO knuckle to test for entanglement probability. The objective of this study was to determine probability of entanglement when materials are dropped vertically onto a PTO knuckle spinning at 540 rpm. A total of 360 randomized trials were conducted with ten replications for each of the six positions (center of yoke, edge of yoke rotating downward, edge of yoke rotating upward, center of cross, edge of cross rotating downward, and edge of cross rotating upward) and six different materials (woven cotton athletic shoe lace, cotton workboot lace, leather workboot lace, cotton twine, denim strip, and Tyvek strip). Not a single entanglement was recorded. Dramatic high-speed video imagery authenticated the material's motion and path as it interacted with the rotating PTO knuckle.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":"23 4","pages":"281-295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13031/jash.12562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35251869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Determining the Effectiveness of Mirrors and Camera Systems in Monitoring the Rearward Visibility of Self-Propelled Agricultural Machinery. 确定自行式农业机械后视镜和摄像系统监控的有效性。

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Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health Pub Date : 2017-07-31 DOI: 10.13031/jash.12034

Shawn G Ehlers, William E Field

{"title":"Determining the Effectiveness of Mirrors and Camera Systems in Monitoring the Rearward Visibility of Self-Propelled Agricultural Machinery.","authors":"Shawn G Ehlers, William E Field","doi":"10.13031/jash.12034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.12034","url":null,"abstract":"This study concerned the ability of operators of tractors and other self-propelled agricultural machinery to visually recognize objects and/or hazards within close proximity to the rear of those machines and/or any implements in tow, especially when backing up. It was hypothesized that the data collected would identify the factors affecting rearward visibility and help determine the effectiveness of two backup-assisting devices (i.e., mirrors and camera systems) in enhancing the operator's ability to observe objects or hazards. The study's experimental design involved the following: (1) selecting nine self-propelled machines for testing (five tractors of varying sizes, a combine, a sprayer, a skid steer loader, and a UTV); (2) laying out a five cell by five cell test grid behind each machine, with an indicator pole centered in each cell; (3) positioning the mirrors (exterior/interior) and camera system (camera and display monitor) for maximum visibility; and (4) collecting images from a 50th percentile male operator's eye midpoint position. The findings were recorded graphically onto a master grid for the backup-assisting devices (both individually and in combination) on each machine. Analysis of the results confirmed that various issues related to the machines impact the effectiveness of mirrors and camera systems in enhancing rearward visibility. Among them are the operator station's design and configuration, seat adjustability, optional accessories, exterior lighting, type of implement in tow, hitching method, and highway transport mode. These findings led to recommendations relative to each of the mirrors and camera systems, as well as observations of operator interactions with accessories and perceived effects on the operator's ability to view obstructed areas in close proximity to the machinery.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":"23 3","pages":"183-201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13031/jash.12034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35613371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Using Workers' Compensation Claims Data to Characterize Occupational Injuries in the Commercial Grain Elevator Industry. 利用工人赔偿索赔数据表征商业粮食升降机行业的职业伤害。

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Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health Pub Date : 2017-07-31 DOI: 10.13031/jash.12196

Sai K Ramaswamy, Gretchen A Mosher

{"title":"Using Workers' Compensation Claims Data to Characterize Occupational Injuries in the Commercial Grain Elevator Industry.","authors":"Sai K Ramaswamy, Gretchen A Mosher","doi":"10.13031/jash.12196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.12196","url":null,"abstract":"Workplace injuries in the grain handling industry are common, yet little research has characterized worker injuries in grain elevators across all hazard types. Learning from past injuries is essential for preventing future occurrences, but the lack of injury information for the grain handling industry hinders this effort. The present study addresses this knowledge gap by using data from over 7000 workers' compensation claims reported from 2008 to 2016 by commercial grain handling facilities in the U.S. to characterize injury costs and severity. The total amount paid for each claim was used as a measure of injury severity. The effects of employee age and tenure, cause of injury, and body part injured on the cost of work-related injuries were investigated. Contingency tables were used to classify the variable pairs. The chi-square test and chi-square residuals were employed to evaluate the relationship between the variable pairs and identify the at-risk groups. Results showed that the employee age and tenure, cause of injury, and body part injured have a significant influence on the cost paid for the claim. Several at-risk groups were identified as a result of the analyses. Findings from the study will assist commercial grain elevators in the development of targeted safety interventions and assist grain elevator safety managers in mitigating financial and social losses from occupational injuries.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":"23 3","pages":"203-217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13031/jash.12196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35613372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Agricultural Worker Injury Comparative Risk Assessment Methodology: Assessing Corn and Biofuel Switchgrass Production Systems. 农业工人伤害比较风险评估方法:评估玉米和生物燃料柳枝稷生产系统。

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Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health Pub Date : 2017-07-31 DOI: 10.13031/jash.12245

Charles V Schwab, Gretchen A Mosher, Saxon J Ryan

引用次数: 6

Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment for Improving Farm Safety on Canadian Farms. 提高加拿大农场安全的危害识别和风险评估。

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Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health Pub Date : 2017-07-31 DOI: 10.13031/jash.11959

Hassan S Chattha, Kenneth W Corscadden, Qamar U Zaman

{"title":"Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment for Improving Farm Safety on Canadian Farms.","authors":"Hassan S Chattha, Kenneth W Corscadden, Qamar U Zaman","doi":"10.13031/jash.11959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.11959","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is one of the most hazardous industries worldwide. The number of serious accidents on farms, despite sophisticated technology, development of effective prevention methods, and high-quality training and improved skill levels of farmers, is still very high. The purpose of this study was to develop and apply a generic farm safety protocol to hazards that have been identified in previously published literature and demonstrate the potential benefits of such a protocol with a view to raising awareness of farm safety. Hazards in agriculture were categorized, and literature highlighting the risks associated with hazards was collated. A protocol was developed and applied to establish the likelihood of a hazard causing injury and the consequence of that injury should adverse effects of hazards be realized. The results indicated farm ownership, farm being used as a primary residence, and missing rollover protective structures as the greatest farm risks with expected likelihood and extreme consequence such as death or permanent disablement. Other hazards that require immediate attention while developing mitigation strategies include accident history and existing medical conditions of the farmer, working environment (i.e., alone and isolated), water bodies in the proximity of the farm, lack of periodic machine maintenance, uncovered power take-off and other rotating parts of the tractor, missing safety decals, auger entanglements, and unprotected use of pesticides. Intervention strategies may be guided by considering the results presented in this study. Moreover, farm safety specialists should increase their efforts to promote effective injury prevention methods and enforce safe work environments. The developed protocol addresses almost all common aspects of farming hazards and can be used to mitigate risks associated with hazards in any farm setting.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":"23 3","pages":"155-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13031/jash.11959","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35613369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Apparent Coefficient of Friction of Wheat on Denim. 小麦对牛仔布的表观摩擦系数。

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Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health Pub Date : 2017-07-31 DOI: 10.13031/jash.12029

Charles V Schwab

引用次数: 2

The Impact of Work Demand and Gender on Occupational and Psychosocial Stress in Hispanic Farmworkers. 工作需求和性别对西班牙裔农场工人职业和社会心理压力的影响。

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Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health Pub Date : 2017-04-26 DOI: 10.13031/jash.11753

Megan TePoel, Diane Rohlman, Meagan Shaw

引用次数: 14

Combustibility Determination for Cotton Gin Dust and Almond Huller Dust. 轧棉机粉尘和杏仁脱壳粉尘的可燃性测定。

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Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health Pub Date : 2017-04-26 DOI: 10.13031/jash.11824

Sidney E Hughs, Phillip J Wakelyn

{"title":"Combustibility Determination for Cotton Gin Dust and Almond Huller Dust.","authors":"Sidney E Hughs, Phillip J Wakelyn","doi":"10.13031/jash.11824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.11824","url":null,"abstract":"It has been documented that some dusts generated while processing agricultural products, such as grain and sugar, can constitute combustible dust hazards. After a catastrophic dust explosion in a sugar refinery in 2008, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) initiated action to develop a mandatory standard to comprehensively address the fire and explosion hazards of combustible dusts. Cotton fiber and related materials from cotton ginning, in loose form, can support smoldering combustion if ignited by an outside source. However, dust fires and other more hazardous events, such as dust explosions, are unknown in the cotton ginning industry. Dust material that accumulates inside cotton gins and almond huller plants during normal processing was collected for testing to determine combustibility. Cotton gin dust is composed of greater than 50% inert inorganic mineral dust (ash content), while almond huller dust is composed of at least 7% inert inorganic material. Inorganic mineral dust is not a combustible dust. The collected samples of cotton gin dust and almond huller dust were sieved to a known particle size range for testing to determine combustibility potential. Combustibility testing was conducted on the cotton gin dust and almond huller dust samples using the UN test for combustibility suggested in NFPA 652.. This testing indicated that neither the cotton gin dust nor the almond huller dust should be considered combustible dusts (i.e., not a Division 4.1 flammable hazard per 49 CFR 173.124).","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":"23 2","pages":"125-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13031/jash.11824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35612405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1