Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health最新文献_第7页

Editorial: Extreme Weather Resulting from Global Warming is an Emerging Threat to Farmworker Health and Safety. 社论:全球变暖导致的极端天气是对农场工人健康和安全的新威胁。

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Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health Pub Date : 2019-10-17 DOI: 10.13031/jash.13555

Kent E Pinkerton, Emily Felt, Heather E Riden

引用次数: 5

Hazardous Agricultural Tasks Completed by Youth as Part of their Supervised Agricultural Experience (SAE): A Descriptive Study. 由青年完成的危险农业任务作为其监督农业经验(SAE)的一部分:一项描述性研究。

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Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health Pub Date : 2019-07-16 DOI: 10.13031/jash.12998

Andrew J Mann, S Dee Jepsen

{"title":"Hazardous Agricultural Tasks Completed by Youth as Part of their Supervised Agricultural Experience (SAE): A Descriptive Study.","authors":"Andrew J Mann, S Dee Jepsen","doi":"10.13031/jash.12998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.12998","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes tasks that middle school and high school youth, ages 13 to 18 years, completed during the 2015-2016 academic year as part of their supervised agricultural experience (SAE). The overarching goal was to collect information useful in directing classroom instruction to better prepare youth prior to engaging in agricultural tasks identified as hazardous by the U.S. Department of Labor. Using a list of eleven tasks currently identified as hazardous and 17 tasks proposed as hazardous, teachers were asked how many of their students engaged in each of the 28 tasks as part of their SAE. The 320 teachers from four U.S. geographic regions reported that students most frequently completed SAEs in the areas of livestock production (f = 6746, 26.6%), agricultural mechanics (f = 2695, 10.6%), home and/or community development (f = 2296, 9.0%), and crop production (f = 2250, 8.9%). Students often engaged in tasks associated with ATV/UTV operation (f = 7618, 10.3%), tractor operation (f = 5554, 7.5%), and assisting tractor operation (f = 5,081, 6.9%) as part of their SAE. All of these tasks are well documented in the literature as contributing to injuries and fatalities of both youth and adults.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13031/jash.12998","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37955831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk Assessment of Tractor-Related Hazards Based on Accident Cases. 基于事故案例的拖拉机相关危害风险评估

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Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health Pub Date : 2019-07-16 DOI: 10.13031/jash.13076

Byounggap Kim, Seongyoon Lim, Seung-Yeoub Shin, Sunghyun Yum, Yu-Yong Kim, Namkyu Yun, Seokcheol Yu

{"title":"Risk Assessment of Tractor-Related Hazards Based on Accident Cases.","authors":"Byounggap Kim, Seongyoon Lim, Seung-Yeoub Shin, Sunghyun Yum, Yu-Yong Kim, Namkyu Yun, Seokcheol Yu","doi":"10.13031/jash.13076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.13076","url":null,"abstract":"Annually, tractor accidents are estimated to account for more than 100 deaths in South Korea. Periodic accident surveys have served as an essential means for the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS) to develop strategies to prevent tractor accidents. In this study, hazards leading to accidents were identified, and their risks were assessed based on survey results to establish a more effective accident prevention strategy. Risk assessment for hazards proceeded as follows: hazard identification, frequency estimation, number of equivalent fatalities (NEF) estimation, and finally risk evaluation. Hazards were identified by analyzing 588 accident cases from NAS surveys and performing an expert review of the analysis results by implementing a Delphi survey. The frequency and NEF of each hazard were estimated by multiplying its probabilities and the statistical results of the NAS surveys. Each hazard was plotted in a frequency-NEF (FN) diagram and evaluated according to its position. Fifty-four hazards were identified, and their frequencies and NEF values were estimated. The risk evaluation results, based on the FN diagram, revealed that no hazard was located in the \"unacceptable\" area, and two hazards (carelessness and not looking ahead carefully) were in the \"as low as reasonably practicable\" area. Thus, it is critical to mitigate the effects of these two hazards. With the risk assessment method used in this study, personnel who are engaged in the prevention of tractor accidents, such as policymakers, extension specialists, and researchers, can quantitatively predict how many cases or fatalities can be reduced by eliminating a certain hazard.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13031/jash.13076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37955294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Gender Division of Farm Work and Occupational Injuries. 农业劳动和职业伤害的性别分工。

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Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health Pub Date : 2019-07-16 DOI: 10.13031/jash.13177

Janne P Karttunen, Risto H Rautiainen, Elisabeth Quendler

{"title":"Gender Division of Farm Work and Occupational Injuries.","authors":"Janne P Karttunen, Risto H Rautiainen, Elisabeth Quendler","doi":"10.13031/jash.13177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.13177","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have shown that males are at greater risk of agricultural injuries than females. We investigated if gender division of farm work helps explain this risk difference in the self-employed Finnish farming population. We used insurance claims data and postal survey data charting the relative division of farm work between male and female farmers. Over the five-year study period (2009 to 2013), the average number of farmers was 75,893 (67% males and 33% females). A total of 22,648 occupational injuries (77% males and 23% females) were compensated during that time. Males had significantly higher rates of any, minor, serious, and recurrent injuries compared to females. Altogether, 319 usable responses were received in the postal survey (13% response rate). Both farm work time and occupational injuries differed by gender. Crop production, construction, forestry, and machinery contracting work were male-dominated, whereas females took the main responsibility for domestic and caretaking work. On livestock farms, animal husbandry was divided quite evenly between males and females (56% and 44% contributions, respectively). Animal husbandry-related injuries were distributed similarly (58% males and 42% females), but all other types of injuries occurred mostly to males. These results suggest that the risk of injuries is also nearly equal, given equal work time. Therefore, gender is an indicator of different work exposures in farming, rather than a risk factor for injury. Better understanding of the division of work and the corresponding risk of injuries can help in the design of interventions for males and females in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13031/jash.13177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37955832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Editorial: ROPS Are Not Homemade. 社论:ROPS不是自制的。

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Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health Pub Date : 2019-07-16 DOI: 10.13031/jash.13392

William E Field, Roger Tormoehlen, Shawn Ehlers, Charlene Cheng, Allen Talbert, Gail Deboy, Don Haberlin, Charles V Schwab

{"title":"Editorial: ROPS Are Not Homemade.","authors":"William E Field, Roger Tormoehlen, Shawn Ehlers, Charlene Cheng, Allen Talbert, Gail Deboy, Don Haberlin, Charles V Schwab","doi":"10.13031/jash.13392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.13392","url":null,"abstract":"Safety professionals should speak up when secondary school teachers and FFA advisors consider fabricating and installing low-cost rollover protective structures (ROPS) as service learning projects for ag education students or as a service to the farm community. These projects are often motivated by the desire to address the continued occurrence of tractor rollovers, which are the most frequent cause of farm-related fatalities (NIOSH, 2018). These projects have also been made feasible by the availability of online plans for ROPS fabrication, including plans from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) that are designed for specific makes and models of tractors. Because of the large number of older tractors that were not originally equipped with ROPS, and the cost and lack of easily accessible ROPS retrofits, fabricating a structure to provide operator protection in the event of an overturn can be attractive as a service learning project. In addition, several of the NIOSH Agricultural Injury Prevention Centers have promoted these projects as a means of reducing the frequency of rollover-related injuries. However, in light of the liability risk involved, such projects should be weighed carefully. Fabricating a ROPS is not the same as building a chicken house, fabricating a welding table, or welding together a hay feeder. ROPS are life-saving devices that must meet specific design and installation standards that exceed the expertise available in most secondary school ag education shops, and even most local machine shops. In fact, \"ROPS\" is a technical term defined by OSHA standards and the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). It does not apply-nor should it be applied-to untested, homemade structures that are installed on tractors with the intent of protecting the operator.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13031/jash.13392","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37955293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatal Agricultural Injuries in Pennsylvania, 2015-2017: A Comparative Analysis of Two Systems' Data Collection Methods and Datasets. 2015-2017年宾夕法尼亚州农业致命伤害:两种系统数据收集方法和数据集的比较分析

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Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.13031/jash.13165

Serap Gorucu, Bryan Weichelt, Michael L Pate

{"title":"Fatal Agricultural Injuries in Pennsylvania, 2015-2017: A Comparative Analysis of Two Systems' Data Collection Methods and Datasets.","authors":"Serap Gorucu, Bryan Weichelt, Michael L Pate","doi":"10.13031/jash.13165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.13165","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to assess and compare 2015-2017 Pennsylvania agricultural fatal injury data and methods from two separate sources: the Pennsylvania Farm Fatality (PA-FF) dataset and the national AgInjuryNews (AIN) dataset. Between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017, a total of 104 agricultural fatalities were identified in Pennsylvania across both systems. Differences between the two systems included coding, such as victim age and demographics, as well as inclusion criteria, such as the time between the incident and victim death. Of the 104 agricultural fatalities, 73% were identified through the PA-FF dataset, and 53% were identified through the AIN dataset. AIN included a higher proportion of female victims and roadway incidents, whereas PA-FF included a significantly higher proportion of the identified Anabaptist cases (χ2 = 22.329, df = 2, p < 0.001). Although PA-FF may have an advantage by including death certificates, this study revealed that PA-FF alone missed mortality data and certain risk factors, such as roadway fatalities related to farm equipment. When comparing two datasets, the inclusion criteria should be considered. Supplemental surveillance programs such as these would benefit from a periodic review between two or more datasets to ensure that agricultural fatalities are captured more accurately.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13031/jash.13165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37955828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Particle Size Characterization of Agricultural Sprays Collected on Personal Air Monitoring Samplers. 个人空气监测采样器采集的农用喷雾剂的粒径特征。

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Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.13031/jash.13065

Sheila L Flack, Timothy Mark Ledson, Tharacad S Ramanarayanan

{"title":"Particle Size Characterization of Agricultural Sprays Collected on Personal Air Monitoring Samplers.","authors":"Sheila L Flack, Timothy Mark Ledson, Tharacad S Ramanarayanan","doi":"10.13031/jash.13065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.13065","url":null,"abstract":"Potential inhalation exposure of agricultural workers and bystanders to aerosolized particles emitted by typical agricultural spray nozzles is influenced by the particle size distribution (PSD) of the spray. However, inhalation risk assessments do not currently factor in the human-relevant PSD that may be inhaled during pesticide handling activities. This study was conducted to characterize the PSD of aerosols collected with OSHA Versatile Sampler (OVS) tubes, which are monitoring devices commonly used for inhalation risk assessment in worker exposure studies. An Oxford Lasers N60V particle size analyzer was used for characterizing the spray PSD emitted from various agricultural nozzles. Side-by-side air sampling with OVS tubes and Respicon TM particle samplers was conducted to characterize the size distribution of aerosols collected on the OVS tubes during spraying of a diluted chlorothalonil formulation. Based on this comparison, OVS tubes captured the inhalable fraction (mass median diameter (D50) = 100 μm), with approximately 40% of the total inhalation concentration contributing to systemic exposure (D50 = 10 μm) regardless of nozzle spray quality. In addition, nozzles with fine and medium spray produced higher airborne concentrations compared to nozzles with coarse spray. Thus, the use of modern low-drift nozzles (e.g., air-induction nozzles) that emit larger spray droplets can substantially reduce the airborne concentration levels within inhalable particle size fractions. While the concentrations within these airway fractions (e.g., respirable, thoracic, inhalable) increased from extremely coarse to very fine spray nozzles, the relative proportion of each fraction within the total inhalable concentration remained constant regardless of spray quality or nozzle type. Such information on the PSD of pesticide applications can be used to refine inhalation risk assessments for agricultural workers and bystanders.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13031/jash.13065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37955830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Extraction Force Prediction for Male Entrapment Victims with Different Body Types Submerged below the Grain Surface. 不同体型男性诱捕受害者淹没在谷物表面下的提取力预测。

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Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.13031/jash.13155

Charles V Schwab, Lauren E Schwab, Schwab J Schwab

{"title":"Extraction Force Prediction for Male Entrapment Victims with Different Body Types Submerged below the Grain Surface.","authors":"Charles V Schwab, Lauren E Schwab, Schwab J Schwab","doi":"10.13031/jash.13155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.13155","url":null,"abstract":"One contributor to agriculture's high death rate is confined space fatalities caused by entrapment in grain. Over 1,000 grain-related fatalities have been documented by researchers in 43 states, and states with the largest grain storage capacities have been shown to experience a proportionally larger number of suffocation fatalities. Several researchers have measured extraction forces in specific conditions, but a reference standard is needed for estimating the extraction forces for grain suffocation victims in common conditions. A prediction model for estimating extraction forces was developed using the principle of boundary shear, an approximation of human surface area, and a commonly accepted equation for lateral granular pressure. This research reintroduces the prediction model for extraction forces and explores several sensitivity analyses of the input variables. It also updates the anthropometric data used in the model calculations and produces extraction force estimates for adult male victims with different body shapes submerged below the grain surface. Results from the prediction model are presented graphically for common input variables, various entrapment depths, and adult male body shapes.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13031/jash.13155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37955829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of a New Harvest Platform in Alleviation of Apple Workers' Occupational Injuries During Harvest. 新型收获平台在减轻苹果工人收获过程中职业伤害中的作用。

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Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.13031/jash.13103

Zhao Zhang, Zhaohua Zhang, Weijie Wang, Hu Liu, Zhiqun Sun

{"title":"The Role of a New Harvest Platform in Alleviation of Apple Workers' Occupational Injuries During Harvest.","authors":"Zhao Zhang, Zhaohua Zhang, Weijie Wang, Hu Liu, Zhiqun Sun","doi":"10.13031/jash.13103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.13103","url":null,"abstract":". Migrant seasonal workers manually harvest apples throughout the U.S. using ladders and buckets due to the care required for prevention of bruises and other physical damage. The motions associated with hand harvest have potential to cause musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, shoulder, and back/trunk. A prototype harvest platform was developed, aimed at alleviating occupational injuries and increasing harvest productivity by replacing ladders for reaching high apples. This study evaluated the activities of three harvest methods, i.e., conventional harvest (using ladders and buckets), harvest platform (for high apples only), and combined method (conventional harvest for low and middle apples and harvest platform for high apples) using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method performed by trained researchers. Postures/activities with RULA grand scores > 5 were categorized as awkward (causing occupational injuries); otherwise, they were considered comfortable (not leading to health issues). Experimental results demonstrated that awkward activities in conventional harvest were mainly related to the use of ladders. Activities with the harvest platform were comfortable due to the elimination of ladders and buckets. The combined method significantly decreased the workers' time spent in awkward postures (from 64% with conventional harvest to 30% with the combined method) by eliminating awkward activities and increased the overall harvest productivity by approximately 40%. Apple growers and workers are therefore suggested to use the combined method to replace conventional harvest.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13031/jash.13103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37237008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Agricultural Safety Education: Formative Assessment of a Curriculum Integration Strategy. 农业安全教育：课程整合策略的形成性评估。

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Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.13031/AIM.201800862

M. Pate, R. G. Lawver, S. Smalley, Dustin K. Perry, L. Stallones, Alyx M. Shultz

{"title":"Agricultural Safety Education: Formative Assessment of a Curriculum Integration Strategy.","authors":"M. Pate, R. G. Lawver, S. Smalley, Dustin K. Perry, L. Stallones, Alyx M. Shultz","doi":"10.13031/AIM.201800862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/AIM.201800862","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to assess an agricultural tractor and machinery safety curriculum for teacher training that focused on hands-on integration activities to assist with training youth in machinery safety skills. Teachers attended a single ten-hour summer training seminar hosted in Montana, South Dakota, or Utah during 2017. Teachers completed the National Tractor and Machinery Safe Operation (NSTMOP) exam to measure their existing knowledge prior to beginning the training. Upon seminar completion, teachers took an NSTMOP post-test to measure their knowledge gain of agricultural safety practices and hazard recognition associated with machinery and tractors. A total of 116 teachers completed the training. Fifty-three participants (45.7%) identified as female, and 63 (54.3%) identified as male. The average participant was 35 years old (SD = 11.3) and had 9.5 years of teaching experience (SD = 9.2). The average NSTMOP pre-test score was 35.2 out of 48 (SD = 3.3), and the average NSTMOP post-test score was 40.3 out of 48 (SD = 4.1). Participants' scores increased by ten percentage points. A paired-samples t-test was used to determine statistical significance. The difference between pre-test and post-test was significant (t(109) = 11.9, p < 0.001). Open responses indicated continuation of hands-on activities that focused on \"how to teach\" skills training that is relevant to the students. Teachers suggested developing new activities each year with a rotation of topics for upcoming seminars. Research is needed to determine the training's influence on the behaviors of young workers in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13031/AIM.201800862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49241817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5