Integrated Blood Pressure Control最新文献

{"title":"Anthropometric Indexes for Predicting High Blood Pressure in Vietnamese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Quan Nguyen Minh,&nbsp;Minh Hoang Nguyen Vo","doi":"10.2147/IBPC.S281996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IBPC.S281996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rate of hypertension and obesity is increasing in Vietnamese society. This study aimed to focus on assessing the relationship between anthropometric indexes (body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) and high blood pressure to determine which is the best predictor for high blood pressure among adults over 18 years in Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of 1636 people was conducted. People who were over 18 years old, healthy or had hyperlipidemia and on the treatment were recruited. Patients with cancer, heart disease, diabetes, kidney disease, and hypertension were excluded. Information on demographics, smoking and drinking habits, weight, height, waist circumference, and blood pressure was collected. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were examined to determine the predictability of anthropometric indicators for high blood pressure in men and women. Logistic regression analysis, stratified by gender, was performed to examine the association between anthropometric indexes and high blood pressure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, the percentage of people with high blood pressure was 10.51%. The AUC for the WHtR was significantly greater than for the BMI for both genders. Logistic regression demonstrated that only WHtR had a significant positive association with high blood pressure among women. The optimal WHtR cut-off value for predicting high blood pressure in men and women were 0.47 and 0.50, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among the indicators analyzed in this study, WHtR was the best for the predicting of the presence of high blood pressure, in both men and women. However, WHtR could only explain the changes of high blood pressure in women.</p>","PeriodicalId":45299,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Blood Pressure Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e8/2e/ibpc-13-181.PMC7718968.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38688461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Factors Among Gimbi Town Residents, Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Birhanu Yadecha, Firew Tekle, Getahun Fetensa, Ashenafi Habte, Bisrat Zeleke","doi":"10.2147/IBPC.S277582","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IBPC.S277582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, sixty-two percent of cerebrovascular disease and forty-nine percent of ischemic heart disease are attributable to increased blood pressure. Half of the patients with stroke and heart disease were due to hypertension.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to identify prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors in Gimbi town, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study from May to June 2017 on 471 participants in Gimbi town, western Ethiopia. A systematic sampling method was used to recruit study participants. Data collectors used structured questionnaires to gather data through face to face interview. The standardized procedure followed to measure blood pressure and anthropometric measurements by trained extension health workers. We entered data into Epi-data and exported to SPSS version 20.00 for analysis. Variables having a P-value less than or equal to 0.05 were declared as statistically significant in multivariable analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four hundred seventy-one participants were included with a response rate of 98.85%, and 248 (52.6%) were female. The prevalence of isolated systolic and diastolic hypertension was 9.55% and 9.3%, respectively. Of 157 (33.5%) hypertensive participants, 117 (24.8%) were newly diagnosed. Age 35-55 [AOR: 2.335 95% CI (1.360-4.009)], ≥55 [(AOR: 3.566 95% CI (1.288-9.876))], occupation, government employee [(AOR: 3.072 95% CI (1.458-6.474))], merchants [(AOR: 3.177 95% CI (1.290-7.824))], ever alcohol drinker [(AOR: 2.333 95% CI (1.320-4.122))], and family history of hypertension [(AOR: 6.642 95% CI (4.068-10.843))] were found to be predictor variables for hypertension.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study indicated a hidden high prevalence of hypertension indicating the need for stakeholders' collaboration to design and implement a mobile blood pressure screening programs at the community level.</p>","PeriodicalId":45299,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Blood Pressure Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/83/87/ibpc-13-171.PMC7705951.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38673167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matrix Metalloproteinases and Hypertension-Mediated Organ Damage: Current Insights.","authors":"Valeria Bisogni,&nbsp;Alberto Cerasari,&nbsp;Giacomo Pucci,&nbsp;Gaetano Vaudo","doi":"10.2147/IBPC.S223341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IBPC.S223341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important extracellular enzymes involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Changes in the activity and concentration of specific MMPs, as well as the unbalance with their inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases - TIMPs), have been described as a part of the pathogenic cascade promoted by arterial hypertension. MMPs are able to degrade various protein substrates in the extracellular matrix, to influence endothelial cells function, vascular smooth muscle cells migration, proliferation and contraction, and to stimulate cardiomyocytes changes. All these processes can be activated by chronically elevated blood pressure values. Animal and human studies demonstrated the key function of MMPs in the pathogenesis of hypertension-mediated vascular, cardiac, and renal damage, besides age and blood pressure values. Thus, the role of MMPs as biomarkers of hypertension-mediated organ damage and potential pharmacological treatment targets to prevent further cardiovascular and renal complications in hypertensive population is increasingly supported. In this review, we aimed to describe the main scientific evidence about the behavior of MMPs in the development of vascular, cardiac, and renal damage in hypertensive patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":45299,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Blood Pressure Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IBPC.S223341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38590921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to Lifestyle Modifications and Associated Factors Among Adult Hypertensive Patients Attending Chronic Follow-Up Units of Dessie Referral Hospital, North East Ethiopia, 2020.","authors":"Atsedemariam Andualem,&nbsp;Habtam Gelaye,&nbsp;Yitayish Damtie","doi":"10.2147/IBPC.S275575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IBPC.S275575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension is a major health problem throughout the world which affects over one billion people due to severe complications and inadequate control. Even though lifestyle modification is one of the most effective ways to prevent and control hypertension, only little emphasis has been given for it compared with treating hypertension with medication. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess adherence to lifestyle modifications and associated factors among hypertensive patients attending Dessie referral hospital.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 301 hypertensive patients during May and June, 2020. The study participants were selected with a convenient sampling technique due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected using pre-tested and structured face to face interviewer-administered questionnaire and checked, cleaned and entered into Epi data version 4.4 and exported to SPSS version 25.0 software for analysis. The associations between independent variables and dependent variable were analyzed using binary logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 301 respondents participated in the study yielding a response of 100%. The overall adherence in this study was only 23.6%. Independent predictors of adherence to lifestyle modifications were divorced (AOR=0.35; 95% CI (0.13-0.94)) and widowed (AOR=0.27; 95% CI (0.10-0.75)), secondary school education (AOR=4.85; 95% CI (1.54-15.22)), no regular income (AOR=0.22; 95% CI (0.08-0.65)) or monthly income of ≥3000 ETB (AOR=5.58; 95% CI (2.46-12.66)), having co-morbidities (AOR=2.37; CI (1.23-4.57)), good knowledge about the disease (AOR=1.83; CI (0.92-3.65)) and good self-efficacy (AOR=3.64; CI (1.75-7.55)).</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendations: </strong>The overall adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications was very low. The independent predictors were marital status, educational level, monthly income, having co-morbidities, knowledge and self-efficacy. Therefore, multifaceted and collaborative implementation of strategies about lifestyle modifications for hypertension prevention and control are needed to address barriers at the patient, provider, system and community levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":45299,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Blood Pressure Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IBPC.S275575","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38544178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Hypertension in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Nanati Legese,&nbsp;Yohannes Tadiwos","doi":"10.2147/IBPC.S276089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IBPC.S276089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension is one of the leading causes of disease in the world. This study is a systematic review paper, intended to provide compressive evidence on the prevalence, distribution, determinants, and burden of hypertension in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quantitative epidemiological literature review was conducted by searching different articles in different databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, and Google scholar. The search involved population-based, hospital-based, and institution-based studies on hypertension conducted in Ethiopia. All data were extracted independently by two reviewers using data collection formats. Finally, this review included 22 studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Different studies reported varied prevalence of hypertension because of the differences in participant's mean ages, source population, and study settings. Population-based studies revealed the prevalence of hypertension to be 9.3-30.3%, institution-based studies revealed 7-37%, whereas hospital-based studies revealed 13.2-18.8%. In studies included in this review, about 37-78% of hypertensive patients were not aware of their blood pressure condition. There was a high prevalence of hypertension in urban residents, and different factors were associated with hypertension, including being overweight, family history of hypertension, age, sex, diabetes mellitus, alcohol intake, physical inactivity, and obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>Hypertension was substantially prevalent in Ethiopia, which calls for the implementation of timely and appropriate strategies for the prevention and control of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":45299,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Blood Pressure Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IBPC.S276089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38546032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aortic Stiffness and Diastolic Dysfunction in Sprague Dawley Rats Consuming Short-Term Fructose Plus High Salt Diet.","authors":"Dragana Komnenov,&nbsp;Peter E Levanovich,&nbsp;Natalia Perecki,&nbsp;Charles S Chung,&nbsp;Noreen F Rossi","doi":"10.2147/IBPC.S257205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IBPC.S257205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>High fructose and salt consumption continues to be prevalent in western society. Existing studies show that a rat model reflecting a diet of fructose and salt consumed by the upper 20th percentile of the human population results in salt-sensitive hypertension mitigated by treatment with an antioxidant. We hypothesized that dietary fructose, rather than glucose, combined with high salt leads to aortic stiffening and decreased renal artery compliance. We also expect that daily supplementation with the antioxidant, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (+T; Tempol), will ameliorate the increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and vascular changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male Sprague Dawley rats were studied with either 20% fructose or 20% glucose in the drinking water and normal salt (0.4%) or high salt (4%) in the chow resulting in four dietary groups: fructose normal Fru+NS or high salt (Fru+HS) or glucose with normal (Glu+NS) or high salt (Glu+HS). Tempol (+T) was added to the drinking water in half of the rats in each group for 3 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MAP was significantly elevated and the glucose:insulin ratio was depressed in the Fru+HS. Both parameters were normalized in Fru+HS+T. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and kidney tissue angiotensin II (Ang II) were not suppressed in the high salt groups. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), radial ascending strain, and distensibility coefficient of the ascending aorta were significantly decreased in Fru+HS rats and improved in the Fru+HS+T rats. No differences occurred in left ventricular systolic function, but the ratio of early (E) to late (A) transmitral filling velocities was decreased and renal resistive index (RRI) was higher in Fru+HS rats; antioxidant treatment did not change these indices.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Thus, short-term consumption of high fructose plus high salt diet by rats results in modest hypertension, insulin resistance, diminished aortic and renal artery compliance, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Antioxidant treatment ameliorates the blood pressure, insulin resistance and aortic stiffness, but not renal artery stiffness and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":45299,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Blood Pressure Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IBPC.S257205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38595557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaches to the Management of Hypertension in Resource-Limited Settings: Strategies to Overcome the Hypertension Crisis in the Post-COVID Era.","authors":"Jamario Skeete,&nbsp;Kenneth Connell,&nbsp;Pedro Ordunez,&nbsp;Donald J DiPette","doi":"10.2147/IBPC.S261031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IBPC.S261031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has changed most aspects of everyday life in both the non-medical and medical settings. In the medical world, the pandemic has altered how healthcare is delivered and has necessitated an aggressive and new coordinated public health approach to limit its spread and reduce its disease burden and socioeconomic impact. This pandemic has resulted in a staggering morbidity and mortality and massive economic and physical hardships. Meanwhile, non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease in general continue to cause significant disease burden globally in the background. Though presently receiving less attention in the public eye than the COVID-19 pandemic, the hypertension crisis cannot be separated from the minds of healthcare providers, policymakers and the general public, as it continues to wreak havoc, particularly in vulnerable populations in resource limited settings. On this background, many of the strategies being employed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic can be used to re-energize and galvanize the fight against hypertension and hopefully bring the public health crisis associated with uncontrolled hypertension to an end.</p>","PeriodicalId":45299,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Blood Pressure Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IBPC.S261031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38595558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Admission and Inpatient Mortality of Hypertension Complications in Addis Ababa.","authors":"Abayneh Birlie Zeru,&nbsp;Mikyas Arega Muluneh","doi":"10.2147/IBPC.S268184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IBPC.S268184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The number of people with undiagnosed, untreated, and uncontrolled hypertension is higher in Ethiopia. This in turn increases the risk of developing complications and hospitalization. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension complication hospitalization among medical admissions and admission outcomes of hypertension complication patients in the medical ward of Saint Peter Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Data were collected by reviewing all medical ward admission logbook records from January 1st, 2018 to December 30th, 2019. An individual patient folder of 308 patients admitted due to hypertension complications was selected for further detailed investigation and then entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 24 statistical software for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the total 2728 medical admissions, 308 (11.3%) were patients with hypertension complications. Hypertension complications account for 308 (11.3%) of all medical admissions. Their mean age and length of hospital stay were 59.85 (± 16.36) years and 11.45 (± 11.48) days, respectively. Near to two-third of 196 (63.6%) of them were stroke patients followed by 76 (24.7%) heart disease. Fifty-two (16.9%) hypertension complication patients died at admission which accounts for 52 (14.6%) of all medical ward deaths. As age increases, the risk of death at admission increases by 6.5%. Similarly, the risk of death increased by three-fold for a month increase in the duration of anti-hypertensive drug discontinuation. Rural residents had a 3.5% lesser risk of death than urban patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hypertension complications had a significant share of the medical ward mortality rate. Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular complications were common causes of hospitalization and inpatient death. Old age, urban residence, and prolonged duration of anti-hypertensive drug discontinuation increased the risk of death at admission.</p>","PeriodicalId":45299,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Blood Pressure Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IBPC.S268184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38425707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Hypertensive Emergency and Associated Factors Among Hospitalized Patients with Hypertensive Crisis: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Desilu Mahari Desta,&nbsp;Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash,&nbsp;Afewerki Gebremeskel Tsadik,&nbsp;Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun,&nbsp;Segen Tassew,&nbsp;Teklu Gebrehiwot,&nbsp;Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom","doi":"10.2147/IBPC.S265183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IBPC.S265183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertensive emergency (HE) is an acute stage of uncontrolled blood pressure which poses a substantial cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In our setting, the prevalence of HE and the characteristics of patients with a hypertensive crisis are not certainly known yet.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study assessed the prevalence of hypertensive emergency and associated factors among hospitalized patients with hypertensive crisis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing records of patients having a diagnosis of hypertensive crisis with systolic/diastolic blood pressure raised to more than 180/120 mmHg admitted to Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (ACSH) from September 2018 to August 2019. Patients' medical records with complete information were enrolled consecutively. Socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, and other related variables were collected using a structured data collection tool from patient medical records. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Logistic regression was employed to determine factors associated with HE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 141 patients' records with a diagnosis of a hypertensive crisis were enrolled in the study; the majority were females 77 (54.6%) and residing in the urban setting 104 (73.8%). The mean age of the participants was 58.8 years. HE was found in 42 (29.8%) of patients. Intravenous Hydralazine 39 (27.7%) and oral calcium channel blocker 102 (72.3%) were the prescribed drugs for acute blood pressure reduction in the emergency setting. Surprisingly, patients who had no history of hypertension (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.469; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.176‒0.933) and female sex (AOR=2.494; 95% CI: 1.111‒5.596) were found to be independently associated factors with HE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of HE was found to account a significant proportion of patients. Hence, hypertensive patients should be strictly managed accordingly, and promoting screening programs could reduce the risk of target organ damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":45299,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Blood Pressure Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IBPC.S265183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38359643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistant Hypertension: Where are We Now and Where Do We Go from Here?","authors":"Mansur K Pathan, Debbie L Cohen","doi":"10.2147/IBPC.S223334","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IBPC.S223334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resistant hypertension is an important subtype of hypertension that leads to an increased risk of cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and kidney disease. The revised guidelines from the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association now define resistant hypertension as blood pressure that remains above goal despite use of three maximally titrated anti-hypertensive medications including a diuretic or as a hypertensive patient who requires 4 or more agents for adequate BP control. These agents typically include a calcium-channel blocker, a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor, and a diuretic at maximal or maximally tolerated doses. As recognition of resistant hypertension increases, it is important to distinguish pseudo-resistant or apparent hypertension from true resistant hypertension. Etiologies of apparent resistant hypertension include measurement error and medication non-adherence. The prevalence of true resistant hypertension is likely much lower than reported in the literature when accounting for patients with apparent resistant hypertension. Evaluation of patients with true resistant hypertension includes screening for causes of secondary hypertension and interfering medications. Successful management of resistant hypertension includes lifestyle modification and optimization of medical therapy, often including the use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. Looking ahead at developments in hypertension management, a slew of new device-based therapies are under active development. Of these, renal denervation is the closest to routine clinical application. Further study is needed before these devices can be recommended in the routine treatment of resistant hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":45299,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Blood Pressure Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c6/47/ibpc-13-83.PMC7415451.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38269012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}