Annals of FinancePub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.1007/s10436-021-00386-4
Lamprini Zarpala, Dimitris Voliotis
{"title":"Blind portfolios’ auctions in two-rounds","authors":"Lamprini Zarpala, Dimitris Voliotis","doi":"10.1007/s10436-021-00386-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-021-00386-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes a two-stage sealed-bid model for the execution of portfolios. An asset manager auctions a portfolio of securities to a set of brokers who are unaware of the specific details about individual securities. We prove that our mechanism may reduce the costs of execution for the asset manager and may mitigate the “winner’s curse” for participating brokers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"18 4","pages":"545 - 552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10436-021-00386-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50473332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of FinancePub Date : 2021-03-24DOI: 10.1007/s10436-021-00383-7
Joel M. Vanden
{"title":"Equilibrium asset pricing and the cross section of expected returns","authors":"Joel M. Vanden","doi":"10.1007/s10436-021-00383-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-021-00383-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In a mean-variance framework with a representative agent, any linear model for the cross section of expected returns can be supported as an equilibrium as long as the market portfolio is spanned by the factor mimicking portfolios. Any set of factors is admissible as long as the spanning condition is satisfied. Factors based on size, book-to-market, momentum, investment, profitability, behavioral biases, principal components, or any combination of these can be used as equilibrium factors. An equilibrium model with <i>M</i> risk factors can be reduced to a collection of <i>M</i> models where each model has a single risk factor, which is covariance with the market portfolio.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"17 2","pages":"153 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10436-021-00383-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47729846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of FinancePub Date : 2021-03-12DOI: 10.1007/s10436-021-00384-6
José Valentim Machado Vicente, Jaqueline Terra Moura Marins
{"title":"A volatility smile-based uncertainty index","authors":"José Valentim Machado Vicente, Jaqueline Terra Moura Marins","doi":"10.1007/s10436-021-00384-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-021-00384-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose a new uncertainty index based on the discrepancy of the smile of FX options. We show that our index spikes near turbulent periods, forecasts economic activity and its innovations hold a significant and negative equity premium. Unlike other uncertainty indexes, our index is supported by equilibrium models, which relate the difference of options prices across moneyness to uncertainty. Moreover, our index is based on investment decisions, can be easily and continuously updated and is comparable across countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"17 2","pages":"231 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10436-021-00384-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44262883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bank business models, negative policy rates, and prudential regulation","authors":"R. Savona","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3824276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3824276","url":null,"abstract":"Using data from Italian banks over the period 2011–2017, we study how negative interest rate policy and prudential regulation impact on bank business models. We report four key findings. First, banks shifted into retail- and market-oriented business models. Second, high- and low-deposit banks reduced loans and increased security/liquid assets; only market-oriented banks expanded lending. Third, interest rate income compression induced by negative rates has been substantial for the Italian banking system as a whole, although retail banks seem to have suffered less. Fourth, non-interest incomes played a compensatory effect. The portfolio reshuffling, as we observed for wholesale and retail banks (less lending and more securities/liquid assets), is related to the goal of reducing risk exposures and, in turn, the connected capital absorption required by prudential regulation.","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"18 1","pages":"355 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44231493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of FinancePub Date : 2021-01-18DOI: 10.1007/s10436-020-00382-0
Philip Protter, Alejandra Quintos
{"title":"Optimal group size in microlending","authors":"Philip Protter, Alejandra Quintos","doi":"10.1007/s10436-020-00382-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-020-00382-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microlending, where a bank lends to a small group of people without credit histories, began with the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, and is widely seen as the creation of Muhammad Yunus, who received the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of his largely successful efforts. Since that time the modeling of microlending has received a fair amount of academic attention. One of the issues not yet addressed in full detail, however, is the issue of the size of the group. Some attention has nevertheless been paid using an experimental and game theory approach. We, instead, take a mathematical approach to the issue of an optimal group size, where the goal is to minimize the probability of default of the group. To do this, one has to create a model with interacting forces, and to make precise the hypotheses of the model. We show that the original choice of Muhammad Yunus, of a group size of five people, is, under the right, and, we believe, reasonable hypotheses, either close to optimal, or even at times exactly optimal, i.e., the optimal group size is indeed five people.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"18 1","pages":"121 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10436-020-00382-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49327105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of FinancePub Date : 2021-01-18DOI: 10.1007/s10436-020-00381-1
Alexander Melnikov, Hongxi Wan
{"title":"On modifications of the Bachelier model","authors":"Alexander Melnikov, Hongxi Wan","doi":"10.1007/s10436-020-00381-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-020-00381-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mathematically, stock prices described by a classical Bachelier model are sums of a Brownian motion and an absolute continuous drift. Hence, stock prices can take negative values, and financially, it is not appropriate. This drawback is overcome by Samuelson who has proposed the exponential transformation and provided the so-called Geometrical Brownian motion. In this paper, we introduce two additional modifications which are based on SDEs with absorption and reflection. We show that the model with reflection may admit arbitrage, but the model with an appropriate absorption leads to a better model. Comparisons regarding option pricing among the standard Bachelier model, the Black–Scholes model and the modified Bachelier model with absorption at zero are executed. Moreover, our main findings are also devoted to the Conditional Value-at-Risk based partial hedging in the framework of these models. Illustrative numerical examples are provided.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"17 2","pages":"187 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10436-020-00381-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50492164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of FinancePub Date : 2020-11-27DOI: 10.1007/s10436-020-00380-2
Haim Shalit
{"title":"The Shapley value decomposition of optimal portfolios","authors":"Haim Shalit","doi":"10.1007/s10436-020-00380-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-020-00380-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Investors want the ability to evaluate the true and complete risk of the financial assets held in a portfolio. Yet, the current analytic methods provide only partial risk measures. I suggest that, by viewing a portfolio of securities as a cooperative game played by the assets that minimize portfolio risk, investors can calculate the exact value, each security contributes to the common payoff of the game, which is known as the Shapley value. It is determined by computing the contribution of each asset to the portfolio risk by looking at all the possible coalitions in which the asset would participate. I develop this concept in order to decompose the risk of mean-variance and mean-Gini efficient portfolios. This decomposition gives us a better rank of assets by their comprehensive contribution to the risk of optimal portfolios. Such a procedure allows investors to make unbiased decisions when they analyze the inherent risk of their holdings. The Shapley value is calculated for index classes and the empirical results based on asset allocation data are contrary to some of the findings of conventional wisdom and beta analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"17 1","pages":"1 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10436-020-00380-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50518682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of FinancePub Date : 2020-11-09DOI: 10.1007/s10436-020-00377-x
Robert J. Elliott, Dilip B. Madan, Tak Kuen Siu
{"title":"Two price economic equilibria and financial market bid/ask prices","authors":"Robert J. Elliott, Dilip B. Madan, Tak Kuen Siu","doi":"10.1007/s10436-020-00377-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-020-00377-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Demand and supply uncertainty lead to a model of markets that set prices to acceptable risk levels for excess supplies and net revenues. The result is a two price partial equilibrium economy. The equilibrium solutions are applied to two price financial market data to infer demand and supply elasticities and log normal volatilities from market quotes on bid and ask prices. Demand elasticities are observed to be higher than supply elasticities as are the volatilities. Normalizing observed volatilities to the volatility of the daily traded volume a market implied duration of the economic equilibrium is inferred. The median level of duration is around a minute and half with an interquartile range from 37 s to 2 min. For larger orders, bid and ask prices may be constructed by calibrating the demand and supply volatilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"17 1","pages":"27 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10436-020-00377-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42738865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of FinancePub Date : 2020-11-09DOI: 10.1007/s10436-020-00376-y
Gouthami Kothakapa, Samyukta Bhupatiraju, Rahul A. Sirohi
{"title":"Revisiting the link between financial development and industrialization: evidence from low and middle income countries","authors":"Gouthami Kothakapa, Samyukta Bhupatiraju, Rahul A. Sirohi","doi":"10.1007/s10436-020-00376-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-020-00376-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper uses a dynamic panel model to analyze the relationship between financial development and industrialization in the context of low and middle income countries between 1970 and 2014. The results indicate that the relationship between the two is non-linear. More precisely, the results indicate that financial development has a negative effect on industrial development up to a point, after which the effect turns positive. This evidence of a “U-shaped” relationship emphasizes the centrality of financial development in the industrialization process in developing economies, but it also points to the complex nature of the relationship.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"17 2","pages":"215 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10436-020-00376-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48541039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of FinancePub Date : 2020-11-09DOI: 10.1007/s10436-020-00379-9
Katsuhiro Oshima
{"title":"Heterogeneous beliefs, monetary policy, and stock price volatility","authors":"Katsuhiro Oshima","doi":"10.1007/s10436-020-00379-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-020-00379-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, I build a two-agent New Keynesian model in which households with subjective and objective beliefs about capital gains from stock prices exist. The former type of households constructs their beliefs about expected capital gains by Bayesian learning from observed growth rates of stock prices. In a homogenous agent model with only subjective beliefs, the effect of the interest rate on stock prices tends to be unrealistically strong. I show how the presence of heterogeneity improves second moments of stock prices with realistic moments of business cycle properties. This quantitative improvement in stock price behaviors allows me to conduct a realistic analysis of how the stance of monetary policy affects stock price volatilities. Strong inertia of monetary policy provides the stability of stock prices. This is because the near-term real interest rate has dominant effects on stock prices under the presence of subjective beliefs since the presence limits the forward-looking nature in pricing stocks. However, because output depends on the expected path of the real interest rate in the forward-looking manner, strong monetary policy inertia does not necessarily provide stabilities of stock prices and output at the same time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"17 1","pages":"79 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10436-020-00379-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50465997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}