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Beyond anaphoric and emphatic: diversity and unity in the functions of literary Chinese reflexive zì 超越拟人与强调：文学汉语反身词 "zì "功能的多样性与统一性

IF 0.6 2区文学

Folia Linguistica Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1515/flin-2023-2042

R. K. Lai

引用次数: 0

Information structure of converb constructions: Estonian -des, -mata and -maks constructions 转换结构的信息结构:爱沙尼亚语-des、-mata和-maks结构

IF 0.6 2区文学

Folia Linguistica Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1515/flin-2023-2041

Carl Eric Simmul

{"title":"Information structure of converb constructions: Estonian -des, -mata and -maks constructions","authors":"Carl Eric Simmul","doi":"10.1515/flin-2023-2041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/flin-2023-2041","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the variation in information structure of Estonian -des, -mata and -maks constructions, and analyzes the factors influencing this variation. The paper describes information structure via the categories of information status and information role. Information status, which refers to the general pragmatic status of a linguistic unit, has two possible values: an information unit or an element of an information unit. Information role refers to the pragmatic status of an element in the information structure of a larger information unit. Information role has five possible values: focus, background of the comment, topic, frame or prominent element. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, this article gives an account of the variation in the information status and information role of Estonian converb constructions. In addition, this paper discusses the way in which the relevant explanatory variables relate to the information status and role of converb constructions. This analysis gives an overview of how the information status of converb constructions relates to the presence of punctuation, the position of the converb construction relative to the main clause, the number of words in the converb construction, the semantic function of the converb construction, the position of the converb within the construction, the morphological form of the converb, and the number of modifiers of the converb. This analysis also discusses how the information role of converb constructions relates to the position and semantic function of the construction and the presence of a lexicogrammatical prominence marker.","PeriodicalId":45269,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138505282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inference versus assumption in light of the Finnish evidential-modal adverbs näköjään and varmaan 从芬兰语证据情态副词näköjään和varmaan看推理与假设

IF 0.6 2区文学

Folia Linguistica Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1515/flin-2023-2043

Seppo Kittilä

{"title":"Inference versus assumption in light of the Finnish evidential-modal adverbs näköjään and varmaan","authors":"Seppo Kittilä","doi":"10.1515/flin-2023-2043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/flin-2023-2043","url":null,"abstract":"Inference is usually defined as a speaker’s personal but indirect evidence that is based on something that the speaker can directly witness (such as the result of an event), while assumption is based on something such as the speaker’s general knowledge of the world. This paper is concerned with inference and assumption in light of the semantics of the Finnish inferential and assumptive adverbs näköjään (inference) and varmaan (assumption). These are examined by administering a questionnaire study. The discussed scenarios differ according to three factors: the presence or lack of visual or sensory evidence, the temporal relations between the evidence and the claim that is made, and the strength of the evidence. The results of the study clearly establish that inference and assumption are separate notions (coded by different adverbs) and that the (non-) observability of the evidence noted above explains only a part of the attested cases; in general, the use of the adverbs is determined by how reliable the speaker considers the evidence to be. As a consequence, this paper proposes new definitions based on the speakers’ selection of the appropriate inferential/assumptive adverb based on how strongly they are willing to vouch for the truth value of their statement.","PeriodicalId":45269,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138538884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Frontmatter 头版头条

2区文学

Folia Linguistica Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/flin-2023-frontmatters44-s1

引用次数: 0

Thomas Olander (ed.): The Indo-European language family: A phylogenetic perspective 托马斯·奥兰德主编:《印欧语系:系统发育的视角》

2区文学

Folia Linguistica Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/flin-2023-2032

Daniel Kölligan

引用次数: 0

Ingrid Paulsen: The emergence of American English as a discursive variety: Tracing enregisterment process in nineteenth-century U.S. newspapers 英格丽德·保尔森:美国英语作为一种话语变体的出现:追踪19世纪美国报纸的注册过程

2区文学