{"title":"Post-traumatic Patellar Tendon Repair with Ipsilateral Peroneus Tendon Augmentation Post Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report.","authors":"S Bhattacharjee, A Prasad, A Ahlawat","doi":"10.5704/MOJ.2603.018","DOIUrl":"10.5704/MOJ.2603.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patellar tendon rupture is an uncommon but serious complication that results in loss of knee extension during and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), significantly impacting the patient's quality of life. Various surgical treatments, ranging from initial repair to reconstruction, are available and accessible. In recent years, the peroneus longus tendon autograft has been utilised to restore the knee extensor system. The purpose of this case report was to present the case of a patient who had a traumatic patellar tendon rupture following TKA and requiring surgery along with peroneus tendon augmentation. A 71-year-old woman underwent bilateral robotic-assisted cruciate retaining TKA for a Grade IV arthritic knee. Post surgery, on day five patient had a history of a fall at home, following which she was unable to extend her knees. On evaluation through ultrasonography and radiographs, she was found to have a ruptured patellar tendon and sprain of the medial collateral ligament. Primary repair of the tendon along with augmentation with the peroneus tendon was performed, and the patient was followed for 12 months, at the end of which, the patient was able to achieve a good functional outcome. In conclusion, early results from patellar tendon reconstruction using an ipsilateral peroneus longus tendon autograft following TKA suggest that this technique is effective for managing acute post-traumatic patellar tendon rupture. It facilitates early recovery, yields favourable outcomes, and may reduce the risk of infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":45241,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"149-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Short versus Long Cephalomedullary Nailing in Osteoporotic Intertrochanteric Femur Fractures.","authors":"E M Zulkifli, S K Chandrasekaran","doi":"10.5704/MOJ.2603.008","DOIUrl":"10.5704/MOJ.2603.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study compares the perioperative outcome of short versus long cephalomedullary nailing in the treatment of osteoporotic intertrochanteric femur fracture.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a retrospective cohort study in which 220 patients were reviewed, with 138 patients treated with long nails and 82 patients with short nails.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of fracture union rate, mortality rate, or rates of surgical site infection, screw cut-out, implant failure, periprosthetic fracture, and revision surgery. However, patients treated with short cephalomedullary nails had significantly shorter operating times.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study concluded that both the long and short cephalomedullary nails are safe and reliable options in treating intertrochanteric femur fractures. However, the long nail does not provide extra protection against periprosthetic fractures as previously believed, and it has the disadvantage of longer operating time. Therefore, there is no additional clinical benefit in using the long cephalomedullary nail compared to the short cephalomedullary nail in treating osteoporotic intertrochanteric femur fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":45241,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"104-110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neglected Elbow Dislocation: A Retrospective Look at Functional Recovery with Posterior Approach Surgery.","authors":"S A Hadinoto, T Sumarwoto, M Frityatama","doi":"10.5704/MOJ.2603.014","DOIUrl":"10.5704/MOJ.2603.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Elbow dislocation is the second most frequent joint dislocation after the shoulder. In developing nations, untreated elbow dislocations are common, making management of neglected cases particularly challenging. Treatment approaches depend on the time since injury and the patient's age. This study evaluates the outcomes of posterior approach surgery for neglected elbow dislocations. <b>Materials and methods:</b> This retrospective study reviewed patients with neglected elbow dislocations treated via posterior approach surgery between January 2020 and December 2023 at Soeharso Orthopedic Hospital. Data collected included patient demographics, onset-to-surgery duration, and post-operative outcomes assessed by DASH and MEPI scores. All surgeries were performed by a board-certified hand and upper extremity surgeon. Data were analysed using Microsoft Office and IBM SPSS Statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 23 patients, predominantly male adults, underwent posterior approach surgery. The average time from onset to surgery was 7.83 months. Post-operative outcomes showed satisfactory results, with mean DASH and MEPI scores of 15.32 and 90, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neglected elbow dislocations primarily affect adult males. The posterior approach offers several advantages and yields good functional outcomes, as demonstrated by DASH and MEPI scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":45241,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"111-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Treating Intertrochanteric Fracture by Short and Long Cephalomedullary Nail: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Q N Erman, M N Norhayati, T M Shihabudin","doi":"10.5704/MOJ.2603.001","DOIUrl":"10.5704/MOJ.2603.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intertrochanteric femur fracture is a common injury, and cephalomedullary nailing has become a popular surgical technique for the treatment of these types of fracture patterns. Various nail implant designs exist, including both short and long versions. The initial design of the implant was a short cephalomedullary nail, but it was associated with problems such as increased hip pain and periprosthetic fracture. To address these issues, a longer nail was developed. In this review, we determine the advantage of treating the intertrochanteric fracture using long and short intramedullary nails. We also compared the outcomes among the different types of nail manufacturers. All trials comparing long and short nails were included. We searched Google Scholar, PubMed, central Cochrane, Clinic Trials and Science Direct. Two authors screened and reviewed studies independently and collected data using fixed-effect models. The results were presented as risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD) at 95% confidence intervals (CI). Twenty trials were included with a total of 3470 patients. The results showed that the short nail group had a shorter operative time, less blood loss and hip pain, lower transfusion and peri-implant fracture rate. Functional outcomes were favourable for both nail types, though scores were slightly better in the long nail group. There was no significant difference in mortality, complication rates, or reoperation rates between the two groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":45241,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thumb Reconstruction Using a Modified Masquelet Technique Following Crush Injury: A Case Report.","authors":"M K Ahmad-Faris, G Vijayan, R Ankimtay","doi":"10.5704/MOJ.2603.019","DOIUrl":"10.5704/MOJ.2603.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic crush injury of the thumb is devastating and often resulted in poor functional outcome. Various reconstruction options available according to surgical expertise. Masquelet technique is well-established in the long bones of lower limb. Only a handful of cases reported for thumb, especially in Asia region. We described a case of crush injury of right thumb following a trauma. The bony defect was initially filled with antibiotic spacer and subsequent reconstruction with tricortical iliac graft, a modified Masquelet two-stage technique. It is a versatile tool which provide satisfactory functional outcome and hand appearance.</p>","PeriodicalId":45241,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"153-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A R Nour-El-Huda, Z Ahmad-Hafiz, N H Mohd-Jan, N F Mohamad-Amri, M Z Ibrahim, M Farahidah, S A Abu-Hassan, M H Nasuruddin
{"title":"In Vivo Study of Intra-articular Tualang Honey Formulation as a Potential Alternative to Synvisc® in an Osteoarthritic Rabbit Model.","authors":"A R Nour-El-Huda, Z Ahmad-Hafiz, N H Mohd-Jan, N F Mohamad-Amri, M Z Ibrahim, M Farahidah, S A Abu-Hassan, M H Nasuruddin","doi":"10.5704/MOJ.2603.017","DOIUrl":"10.5704/MOJ.2603.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder characterised by cartilage degradation and inflammation. This study evaluates the efficacy of Tualang Honey Formulation (THF) (Patent no. MY-179303-A), a natural-based formulation tested for biocompatibility and toxicity, compared to Synvisc, a conventional hyaluronic acid injection, in managing OA in vivo using an animal model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-eight New Zealand White Rabbits (NZWR) were operated to surgically induce OA and divided into three groups: sham group (n=1), THF-treated group (n=3) and Synvisc-treated group (n=3). Treatments were administered intra-articularly three weeks post-surgery. Radiographic assessments were performed at 3, 6, 12, and 24 weeks. Histological analyses at 24 weeks utilised Masson-Goldner trichrome staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the sham group, severe cartilage loss, thinning, and thickened subchondral bone were observed, reflecting progressive OA. Radiographically, both THF and Synvisc groups demonstrated improved joint space and reduced subchondral sclerosis. At six weeks, the THF and Synvisc groups exhibited improvements from three weeks. At 12 weeks, the THF group demonstrated better joint space preservation, while outcomes were comparable at 24 weeks. Histologically, the THF group displayed thicker articular surfaces with signs of bone remodelling with better cartilage preservation. In contrast, Synvisc-treated joints displayed thinner, irregular cartilage and subchondral bone changes, suggestive of potential bone cyst formation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>THF is equally effective as Synvisc in reducing OA progression while showing additional benefits in cartilage preservation and bone remodelling. As a natural and local product, THF represents a promising alternative viscosupplement for OA management, warranting further clinical validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45241,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"139-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A A Sofian, F Che-Hamzah, N A Khirul-Ashar, M F Noorman, A A Ab-Halim, S Amin-Nordin, N M Sither-Joseph
{"title":"The Efficacy of Povidone-Iodine in Eradicating Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm on Stainless Steel Alloy Implants.","authors":"A A Sofian, F Che-Hamzah, N A Khirul-Ashar, M F Noorman, A A Ab-Halim, S Amin-Nordin, N M Sither-Joseph","doi":"10.5704/MOJ.2603.002","DOIUrl":"10.5704/MOJ.2603.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is the leading biofilm-forming microorganisms in orthopaedic implant infections. The biofilms formed are difficult to eradicate and resistance to antibiotics. This current study aims to determine the effectiveness of povidone-iodine; an antiseptic solution in eradicating <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm on stainless steel alloy. In addition to the usual Colony-Forming Unit (CFU) used for verification, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is used to validate the formation and eradication of the biofilms.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is an <i>in vitro</i> study where the biofilm is formed by inoculating clinically isolated <i>S. aureus</i>, incubated for 24 hours onto stainless steel alloy 316L implants. The implants are then irrigated using povidone-iodine solution with varying concentrations (5 and 10%) and durations (30, 60, and 180 seconds). The anti-biofilm effect was evaluated using plating and SEM methods to confirm its effectiveness. The process is repeated after 24 hours of post-irrigation reincubation to detect any rebound growth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No biofilm seen after irrigation with povidone-iodine at 5% and 10% concentrations at 30, 60 and 180 seconds, respectively, in both CFU count and SEM. This result is replicated after 24 hours of reincubation, in assessing for rebound growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study supports that a minimum of 5% povidone-iodine with a minimum irrigation time of 30 seconds are effective at eliminating <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm on stainless steel alloy implants. Both CFU count and SEM yield similar value in validating the presence of biofilm. Additionally, SEM allows visualisation of the morphology of the biofilm.</p>","PeriodicalId":45241,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"14-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficacy of Total Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer using Button Anchor in Management of Residual Dynamic Supination in Congenital Talipes Equino Varus.","authors":"A Ajmera, M Solanki, A Pal, M Kumar, U Tiwari","doi":"10.5704/MOJ.2603.006","DOIUrl":"10.5704/MOJ.2603.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Congenital talipes equino-varus (CTEV) is amongst one of the most common paediatric foot deformities. Ponseti's method is the standard way of treatment, however, some patients are left with residual or partially corrected deformities. Dynamic supination is one amongst them, where the foot supinates in swing phase of the gait cycle. It is due to a strong tibialis anterior and its weak antagonist.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We undertook a prospective interventional study in thirty patients of CTEV with residual dynamic supination deformity and treated them with tibialis anterior tendon transfer (TATT) using a button anchor. Minimum follow-up was six months after the surgery. Functional, subjective and objective evaluation was done using foot posture index (FPI), disease specific instrument (DSI) for clubfoot, clinician satisfaction grading and videotaped functional gait analysis. Statistical analysis was done using paired 't' test and calculating p values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We achieved good to excellent results in 93.3% of our patients and fair in 6.66%. None of our patients had poor results. Mean FPI improved from -1.93 to +0.3, DSI values also showed a significant reduction from 18.17 +/- 1.09 to 13.37 +/- 1.54 after surgery. A total of 90% had satisfactory gait post-surgery at 6 months follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tibialis anterior tendon transfer using a button anchor is effective in treatment of residual dynamic supination deformity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45241,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"51-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Denosumab's Role in Reducing Type 2 Diabetes Risk and Improving Glycaemic Control in Osteoporotic Patients - A Meta-analysis.","authors":"R Ngo, D De-Jesus, C Azucena","doi":"10.5704/MOJ.2603.016","DOIUrl":"10.5704/MOJ.2603.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Osteoporosis, common among postmenopausal women and the elderly, is primarily associated with increased fracture risk. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between bone metabolism and glucose regulation with implications for type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. Denosumab, a monoclonal antibody effective in increasing bone density, might also reduce the risk of T2D. This meta-analysis evaluates the impact of denosumab on T2D risk and glycaemic markers, including fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase identified randomised controlled trials and cohort studies comparing denosumab with placebo or other osteoporosis treatments. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The primary outcome was T2D incidence, with risk ratios and related metrics analysed for consistency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed a 22% reduction in T2D incidence with denosumab (HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.70, 0.87, p<0.00001, I<sup>2</sup>= 62%) with small benefit in terms of absolute risk reduction (ARR = -0.01, 95% CI -0.03, 0.01, p = 0.19). Denosumab also resulted in small reductions in FBS in the included RCTs (SMD = -0.13, 95% CI -0.30, 0.03, p = 0.0798) and non-randomised trials (SMD = -0.28, 95% CI - 0.63, 0.06, p = 0.0947). There were slightly larger but still non-significant reductions in HbA1c (SMD = -0.44, p = 0.10) and HOMA-IR (SMD = -0.21, p = 0.114).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Denosumab may confer metabolic benefits beyond bone health, particularly in reducing T2D risk and improving FBS. While this aligns with its role in modulating bone turnover and RANKL inhibition, inconsistent outcomes for HbA1c and HOMA IR underscore the need for further investigation into its glycaemic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":45241,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"128-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M H Nasuruddin, A A Abbas, A M Merican, K A Ayob, M S Hashim, V Selvaratnam
{"title":"Outcomes of Medial Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy in a University Hospital.","authors":"M H Nasuruddin, A A Abbas, A M Merican, K A Ayob, M S Hashim, V Selvaratnam","doi":"10.5704/MOJ.2603.003","DOIUrl":"10.5704/MOJ.2603.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) is one of the modalities to treat unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis (KO). Many studies have shown good outcomes of MOWHTO, but there are no published series of Malaysian patients. The aim of this study is to determine the outcome of MOWHTO in primary medial compartment KO in a university teaching hospital in Malaysia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent MOWHTO in our Joint Reconstruction Unit between 2017 and 2022 with a minimum of 12 months follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from a total of 15 knees were reviewed. The mean age of patients was 41.8 years, and the mean BMI was 31.7. The mean Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) osteoarthritis grade was 2.87 (±0.52). The mean hip knee angle (HKA) pre-operatively was 12.26° varus and post-operatively was 3.33° valgus. Mean correction of HKA was 13.59°. The results revealed an improvement in all patients, as observed from the significant mean difference between pre-operative (38.53) and post-operative (77.60) Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome (KOOS) (p-value<0.001) scores. Patients who were above 50 years old showed a significantly better improvement in KOOS score compared to those below 50 (p-value <0.05). There was no significant difference observed between BMI and KOOS score improvement (F-stat=0.580, p-value >0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MOWHTO is a good treatment option in medial compartment primary KO with varus deformity among Malaysian population. A larger sample size with a longer follow-up period is needed to draw a definitive conclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":45241,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}