Journal of Multicultural Discourses最新文献

{"title":"Navigating diversities: experiences of youths in one Singapore school","authors":"M. Abu Bakar, Siao See Teng, Heidi Layne, Sanam Naraindas Kaurani","doi":"10.1080/17447143.2021.1934479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2021.1934479","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Singapore has established a reputation as a country with social harmony. But in recent times, increasing reports on issues of social cohesion have begun to emerge in the media about tensions among its citizenry and between foreigners and migrants. Yet, little is known about youths’ lived experiences of everyday multiculturalism amidst this changing demographic landscape. The discourses on diversities in Singapore classrooms have remained largely within the State’s narrative of race-based harmonious multiculturalism based on inherited colonial racialised categories. This paper investigates the understanding and lived experiences of multiculturalism of students in one secondary school, situating the analysis of everyday multiculturalism within the complexities of local diversities and the structure of schooling in a postcolonial multilingual society.","PeriodicalId":45223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multicultural Discourses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17447143.2021.1934479","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47800080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From reality to discourse: analysis of the ‘refugee’ metaphor in the Japanese news media","authors":"Naoko Hosokawa","doi":"10.1080/17447143.2021.1932919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2021.1932919","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines a recent trend in the Japanese news media of using the term ‘refugee’ as a metaphor. Japan is known for its extremely low refugee admission rate, granting asylum to less than 100 refugees each year. Why so few? In order to provide lexical observations on this situation, this article explores how the term ‘refugee’ (nanmin) is used in the Japanese news media. In 2007, a Japanese journalist popularised the sensational term ‘net cafe refugee’ for those who do not have a fixed address and sleep in 24-hour Internet cafes. The usage of ‘refugee’ in this context provoked a controversy and prompted cafe owners to release an official statement asking journalists to refrain from using the term. Despite the outcry, the term ‘refugee’ remains popular today as a metaphor for those who lack access to particular facilities, services, or experiences – for instance, ‘insurance refugee’, ‘information refugee’ and so on. Based on the analysis of textual data containing these metaphorical expressions, the article suggests that through the refugee metaphor, the term’s implications have shifted from visual to conceptual, and from international to domestic, with the possible effect of diverting public attention from the reality of refugee protection.","PeriodicalId":45223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multicultural Discourses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17447143.2021.1932919","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42635950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying ideology and discourse as knowledge, power and material practices","authors":"J. Beetz, Benno Herzog, Jens Maesse","doi":"10.1080/17447143.2021.1895180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2021.1895180","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of ideology plays a crucial role in the social sciences in general and discourse studies in particular because it helps us conceptualize, problematize and understand the complex relationship between language use and power structures. In this respect, ideology analysis contributes to a holistic, multilevel and complex understanding of discourse (Shi-xu 2014). The research programs of social scientific approaches to ideology and the still emerging field of discourse studies show several similarities and parallel developments. For both programs, knowledge and power, symbolic realities and their material mediation, as well as the practical production and consequences of knowledge and belief systems are at the very center of interest. During the last century researchers in both fields crossed their way, engaging in debates that enriched the understanding of ideology as a phenomenon as well as of discourse research. It could even be argued that discourse studies were founded on the shoulders of the giants of ideology research. Francis Bacon’s analysis of idola, left Hegelian critique on religion and inverted consciousness fromMarx, to Lukács, and Gramsci’s notion of hegemony have been highly influential when the linguistic turn in social sciences and humanities lead the research agenda to the specific influence of language for the construction of social perception. Here the work of Louis Althusser has to be mentioned. His theory of ideology can be seen as hinge between Marxist notions of ideology and discourse studies. His focus on ideology as representation of an imaginary relationship and a material reality, or the conceptualization of the constitution of subjects through the semiotic practice of interpellation can be understood as a starting point for the arising multidisciplinary research program of critical discourse studies. Finally, Foucault’s work on discourse, power and subjectivation has inspired contemporary scholars analysing knowledge as a political tool that is forming people’s identities (Foucault 1980). Important inputs came also from Fairclough’s work on the relation of ideology and power (1989) as well as from Laclau and Mouffe’s (1985) radical stance on hegemony and towards the discursive foundations of realities. Neither discourse nor ideology is a particularly well-defined phenomenon. For both, we can easily find a wide range of definitions (see, e.g. Eagleton 1991; Herzog and Ruiz 2019). In contrast to approaches which perceive ideology as immaterial beliefs, in the last decade we observe a return of ideology critique and theories of ideology in social","PeriodicalId":45223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multicultural Discourses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17447143.2021.1895180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44184758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between the right-wing and the left-wing: the retelling of the Polish systemic transition as a discursive and ideological practice","authors":"Magdalena Nowicka-Franczak","doi":"10.1080/17447143.2021.1941063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2021.1941063","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Polish social sciences, after 1989, the interest in ideology has been gradually replaced with research on discursive forms of power. The reception of Foucauldian governmentality studies has resulted in a shift from the Weberian concept of power to understanding power in terms of a practical technology of governing people through symbolic forces of discourse. However, after the 2015 victory of right-wing parties in presidential and parliamentary elections in Poland and the emergence of the second illiberal democracy in the European Union, we witness a revival of the question of ideology as a material-practical tool for shaping people’s sentiments. In recent years, the assessment of the Polish systemic transition which started thirty years ago has been the subject of heated ideological debates. The Polish transformation has been retold and its leadership and outcomes re-evaluated from different standpoints. The comparative analysis of public statements that give contradictory assessments of the Polish transition presented in this article examines the relationship between discursive and ideological practices, and the possible linkages between post-Foucauldian analysis and the critique of ideology.","PeriodicalId":45223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multicultural Discourses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17447143.2021.1941063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44237711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the discreet (c)harm of ideology – the mystification of domination in postmodern global capitalism","authors":"T. Tóth","doi":"10.1080/17447143.2021.1910276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2021.1910276","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, I propose a discursive account of ideology and a return to one of Marx’s central concepts of mystification. I argue, that to bring back the critical thrust of ideology criticism in discourse theories, one has to approach ideology as a discursive effect that sustains and reproduces domination. I try to elaborate a discursive account of ideology which refers to the mystification of domination through hegemonic articulatory practices, where the hegemonic struggle over meaning fixates and cements perpetually asymmetrical relations of power. And finally, I attempt to illustrate that in the context of postmodern global capitalism it is the proliferation of new antagonisms that often mystifies states of domination.","PeriodicalId":45223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multicultural Discourses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17447143.2021.1910276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46301561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bigger cages, longer signifying chains – ideology as structural limitation and discursive practice","authors":"J. Beetz","doi":"10.1080/17447143.2021.1895179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2021.1895179","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to present a materialist approach to the concept of ideology which delineates the latter as discursive practice and structural limitation. The discursive practices of ideology are not reducible to sets of immaterial distorted ideas or simply false consciousness. While ideology misrepresents and naturalises the existing social reality, its representations are neither true nor false. As a material phenomenon that exists in semiotic practices, ideology is fundamentally discursive and constitutes subjects by interpellating individuals and providing subject positions from which the imaginary relations to real social relations can be practically and meaningfully represented. Rather than reflecting or expressing their conditions of production, ideological practices actively produce, reproduce, and transform the very material conditions they arise in. In a first step, the article presents and discusses different Marxian notions of ideology, namely ideology as false consciousness, as structural limitation, and as commodity fetishism. In a next step, aspects of a materialist theory of ideology, which describes the latter as a set of material discursive practices will be outlined. The contribution will propose nine fundamental characteristics of ideology developed throughout the paper.","PeriodicalId":45223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multicultural Discourses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17447143.2021.1895179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48691536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ideologies as false communicative practices","authors":"Benno Herzog","doi":"10.1080/17447143.2021.1891237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2021.1891237","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Against common understanding of ideology as being a specific form of knowledge or cognition, lately there is a rediscovering of the notion of ideology as practice. In these approaches, ideology is understood as a practice that ultimately contravenes its own intentions or normative claims. This understanding is already mentioned in Marx’ famous dictum: ‘They do not know it, but they are doing it’. The aim of this article is to understand certain practices of discourse production that can produce discursive and material effects contradictory to the practice itself. Therefore, I will first explore a Marxist notion of ideology as it is lately rediscovered by diverse strands of critical theory and that understands ideology as a practice, although not disattending the cognitive aspects of ideologies. I will then show how this concept of ideology connects well with the idea of discourse as speech act and communicative practice. Some examples mainly from discourses on migration and racism will exemplify the fertility of this approach. The research can help to overcome the pitfalls of some discursive practices especially in public communications.","PeriodicalId":45223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multicultural Discourses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17447143.2021.1891237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44866151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economics as ideological discourse practice: a Gramsci-Foucault-Lacan approach to analysing power/knowledge regimes of subjectivation","authors":"Jens Maesse, G. C. Nicoletta","doi":"10.1080/17447143.2021.1877294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2021.1877294","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ideology analyses play an important role in Cultural Discourse Studies because they investigate complex meaning production within various political systems and power structures. The notion of ideology can be analysed in different dimensions. Whereas Marx and Engels proposed a negative as well as a positive conception of ideology, sociologists such as Mannheim understood ideologies as sets of ideas and general world views. Some scholars in Discourse Studies seem to follow a conception of ideology that is located in-between Mannheim’s conception and Marx’s negative idea of ‘false consciousness’. In this paper we define ideology as a political discourse practice devoted to exerting power and influence. Following Marx’s positive notion, ideology is seen as a modality that regulates the relationship between the subject and a specific system of knowledge related to political action. Here, ideology refers to discourses as knowledge/ power regimes where the political-power aspect is suppressed through the subjectivation process itself. Following Gramsci, Foucault and Lacan, our theoretical framework helps us to analyse ideological discourse practices as different modalities of subjectivation. We propose three types of ideological subjectivation: oppressive forms, normalizing forms and resisting forms. Finally, these forms are illustrated with examples from economic expert discourses from Italy and Germany.","PeriodicalId":45223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multicultural Discourses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17447143.2021.1877294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45741138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normativity in intercultural communication – what now?","authors":"K. Fretheim","doi":"10.1080/17447143.2021.1872584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2021.1872584","url":null,"abstract":"Challenging the idea that ethical consideration and normative reflection are relatively recent in interculturality research, Dominic Busch begins with the assumption that ‘research on interculturality has always built on normative orientations’. To me, as an ethicist, this is neither provocative nor innovative. Yet, from this starting point, Busch is able not only to challenge established interpretations and widespread dichotomic discourses but also to tease out blurred distinctions and complex realities. The finding that there is another way of describing the field, distinct from the dominant positivism vs. poststructuralism debate, is constructive. It offers a new way of categorising different epochs and positions in the field, and, accordingly, reminds us of how such categorisations are rarely absolute and often pragmatic: they simplify complexity, provide analytical tools etc. In other words, Busch’s analysis takes us behind the established labels and under the discursive surface of interculturality research, providing a nuanced alternative to superficial simplicity. Busch’s study addresses ‘normative orientations in research on interculturality’ which he calls a ‘discourse of normativity’. Discourses are indeterminate and notoriously difficult to delimit, and this also applies to this discourse of normativity. While it is fair to give it this label, it also becomes clear from Busch’s article and other contributions in the field, that there are several discourses on normativity, ethics and the role of rights and values, in this field (Casmir 1997; Arnett and Roberts 2008; Cheney, May, and Munshi 2011). Busch distinguishes between positivist and poststructuralist approaches, while others prefer universalist and particularist, modern and postmodern etc. Busch is also not alone in suggesting an alternative. For example, Richard Evanoff has suggested a constructivist approach to intercultural ethics as an alternative to modern and postmodern approaches (Evanoff 2006). However, with good use of grounded theory Busch can identify four epochs with different discursive profiles: pragmatism, modesty, new hope and new explorations. In this way, Busch can claim not only the constant presence of normative orientations, but he also introduces an important issue: the different kinds of normativity. Busch focuses on the normative perspective or ethical compass scholars might be using – intentionally or not, explicitly or implicitly – when researching intercultural communication and developing the discipline. Consciously adopting this kind of ‘orientation’ allows us to discover, or to be reminded of, the normative dimensions of such endeavours. I will argue that such dimensions are abundant in interculturality research. Ethics is therefore not limited to a perspective on intercultural communication, but rather","PeriodicalId":45223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multicultural Discourses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17447143.2021.1872584","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41400575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taking off camouflage identities: why peripheral scholars strive to look like their Western peers in order to being recognized?","authors":"Márton Demeter","doi":"10.1080/17447143.2021.1912054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2021.1912054","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper we argue that the world-system of global knowledge production, that is, the field of transnational academia, could be conceived as a rather hegemonic and exclusivist social subsystem in which not just the members of the hegemon group, viz. the central agents of the field, but also the underprivileged agents operate in a way that maintains and even reinforces this uneven systemic run. According to our argumentation, the peripheral agents of the system tend to camouflage their identities as non-Western scholars to be acknowledged by the global community. Our subsequent analysis of the dynamics of former emancipatory movements will show that this is a detrimental strategy since assimilation results in homogenization and in losing authentic voices. As opposed to assimilation through camouflaging identity, we propose a systemic protagonism beside geopolitical equality in the world-system of knowledge production through the development of authentic and equal, other than Western, identities in transnational academia.","PeriodicalId":45223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Multicultural Discourses","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17447143.2021.1912054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41453548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}