Carla Sílvia Fernandes , Ana Galvão , Cris Renata Grou Volpe , Marta Campos Ferreira
{"title":"Design and usability of an immersive virtual reality simulation in orthopaedic nursing education: A pilot study","authors":"Carla Sílvia Fernandes , Ana Galvão , Cris Renata Grou Volpe , Marta Campos Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.ijotn.2026.101286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijotn.2026.101286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The increasing complexity of musculoskeletal surgical nursing education requires innovative pedagogical strategies that integrate immersive technologies with structured instructional design to enhance clinical reasoning and theory–practice integration.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To design and develop a nursing process–structured immersive virtual reality simulation for orthopaedic nursing education and to pilot test its usability and educational appraisal among undergraduate nursing students.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Pilot mixed-methods study.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The simulation, NurseTechGames, was designed as a three-dimensional orthopaedic inpatient scenario structured sequentially according to the nursing process and incorporating gamification elements to support clinical reasoning. The intervention was implemented using Meta Quest 3 head-mounted displays. Usability was assessed using the System Usability Scale, and educational appraisal was measured using the Serious Educational Game in Nursing Appraisal Scale. Open-ended responses were analysed through qualitative content analysis. Participants were monitored during and after the sessions for potential cybersickness symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The simulation achieved a mean score of 83.15 on the System Usability Scale, indicating excellent usability. The total mean SEGINAS score was 95.58, reflecting a very high pedagogical evaluation across the dimensions of engagement, impact on learning, and content relevance. The qualitative analysis identified eight categories, with no reports of significant cybersickness symptoms: Perceived Learning Value, Clinical Transfer, Realism and Immersion, Engagement and Motivation, Technical Robustness, Development Potential, Minor Technical Issues, and Time Constraints.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The immersive simulation NurseTechGames demonstrated high usability and strong pedagogical acceptance in musculoskeletal surgical nursing education. Future controlled and longitudinal studies are required to evaluate objective and sustained impact on learning outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45099,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charlotte Myhre Jensen PhD; MEd; RN (Associate Professor, Clinical Nurse Researcher), Charlotte Abrahamsen PhD, MHS, RN (Associate Professor)
{"title":"Seeing the patient beyond the fracture; the shared language of pain and recovery","authors":"Charlotte Myhre Jensen PhD; MEd; RN (Associate Professor, Clinical Nurse Researcher), Charlotte Abrahamsen PhD, MHS, RN (Associate Professor)","doi":"10.1016/j.ijotn.2025.101240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijotn.2025.101240","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45099,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145427098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paula Rocha , Andréa Marques , Luís Matos , Andreia Costa , Maria Adriana Henriques , Cristina Lavareda Baixinho
{"title":"Functional capacity and quality of life of older person with hip fracture at hospital discharge: a cross sectional study","authors":"Paula Rocha , Andréa Marques , Luís Matos , Andreia Costa , Maria Adriana Henriques , Cristina Lavareda Baixinho","doi":"10.1016/j.ijotn.2026.101266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijotn.2026.101266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In older adults, a hip fracture, leads to functional decline, resulting in dependence in activities of daily living, with a negative impact on quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Characterize the functional capacity and quality of life of older person with hip fracture on returning home.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Exploratory-descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study, with a sample of 102 individuals aged 65 years or older with hip fracture admitted to an orthopedic service in a hospital in a central region of Portugal. Was used a questionnaire that included sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, instruments to assess functional independence, ADL performance, and quality of life. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 29.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results indicate severe dependence in performing activities of daily living (Barthel: 61.08); severe gait impairment (speed and quality) (Time Up and Go Test: 85.58 s); difficulties in functional exercises (10-m Walk Test: 77.74 s); and high risk of falls (Morse: 66.53). There is a negative correlation between gait and the Barthel index (r = −0.263; p = 0.007) and the Berg Scale (r = −0.420; p < 0.001); and a positive correlation between the Berg scale and the Barthel scale (r = 0.452; p < 0.001). Individuals with a history of falls had worse scores on the Berg Scale (U = 835.5; p = 0.002), and those who had less dependence had better quality of life scores in the General Health Status (p = 0.002); Physical Function (p = 0.003) and Mental Health (p = 0.005).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results obtained at hospital discharge are predictors of functional loss in older adults with hip fracture on returning home. Individuals with previous falls and who are more dependent are at greater risk of loss of quality of life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45099,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chloe Bascombe , Tikki Immins , Robert G. Middleton , Thomas W. Wainwright
{"title":"VO2 max before and after hip and knee replacement surgery for osteoarthritis patients: a narrative review","authors":"Chloe Bascombe , Tikki Immins , Robert G. Middleton , Thomas W. Wainwright","doi":"10.1016/j.ijotn.2026.101257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijotn.2026.101257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This narrative review investigates cardiovascular fitness in patients undergoing hip and knee replacement for osteoarthritis (OA), with a focus on changes in VO<sub>2</sub> max before and after surgery. VO<sub>2</sub> max is a key physiological marker of aerobic capacity that is associated with post-operative outcomes and long-term health. For nurses involved in orthopaedic care, understanding how VO<sub>2</sub> max is affected by surgery and rehabilitation can inform patient education, discharge planning, and postoperative recovery strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Principal results</h3><div>Patients scheduled for total knee or hip replacement commonly present with low preoperative VO<sub>2</sub> max compared to matched healthy controls. While some studies hypothesise that this is due to reduced physical activity, direct measurement of activity levels or multivariate adjustment was generally lacking. Postoperatively, structured rehabilitation programmes may lead to improvements in VO<sub>2</sub> max, although findings vary based on the type, intensity, and duration of the intervention. Low-frequency or home-based exercise showed small improvements, while more intensive programmes, such as high-intensity interval training, had greater effects. However, many studies excluded patients with common comorbidities, limiting generalisability.</div></div><div><h3>Major conclusions</h3><div>Hip and knee replacement surgery may provide a critical window for improving cardiovascular fitness, especially when accompanied by targeted rehabilitation. These findings have important implications for nursing practice. Nurses can play a pivotal role in promoting structured aerobic exercise, supporting use of wearable technologies, and ensuring recovery pathways address cardiorespiratory health alongside joint mobility. Further research is needed to determine optimal rehabilitation strategies, improve inclusivity in VO<sub>2</sub> assessment, and evaluate long-term outcomes in diverse patient populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45099,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146119575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experience of orthopaedic nurses managing pain in elderly surgical patients","authors":"Alev Keski̇n , Zehra Eski̇mez , Şeyma Yurtseven , Muzaffer Sencer Özsezer","doi":"10.1016/j.ijotn.2026.101262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijotn.2026.101262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>İntroduction</h3><div>The world is entering a period in which the proportion of elderly people is steadily increasing In parallel with the increase in the elderly population, there has been an increase in the number of surgical procedures performed on elderly patients.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study was to investigate orthopaedic nurses' experiences of pain management in elderly patients undergoing surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The study was conducted with 11 nurses with at least one year of experience working in the orthopaedic and traumatology clinic of a university hospital between 26 July and 1 October 2024. The research data were collected using the criterion sampling method of qualitative and survey methods, and the thematic analysis method was used in data analysis. Data were collected using a personal information form prepared by the researcher, and a semi-structured interview form prepared according to the purpose and scope of the study based on the literature.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our study presented the pain experiences of orthopaedic nurses in elderly patients undergoing surgery under the themes of pain management, communication, individualized care, difficulties, professional development and support.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study highlights the importance of nurses' pain management practices in elderly patients, the difficulties experienced in doing so, and the needs for improved implementation of pain management. Behavioural scales shown to be clinically reliable should be embedded in standard protocols. Nurses should receive continuous training to apply these tools effectively, with educational content strengthened through case discussions and simulation exercises.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45099,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Pinheiro , A. Costa , P. Pedrosa , C. Marques-Vieira
{"title":"Nursing interventions for people with musculoskeletal injuries during physical activity: A scoping review","authors":"J. Pinheiro , A. Costa , P. Pedrosa , C. Marques-Vieira","doi":"10.1016/j.ijotn.2026.101258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijotn.2026.101258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Physical inactivity is a major public health concern, with Portugal ranking among the European countries with the lowest levels of regular physical activity. Poorly managed physical activity is associated with a high incidence of musculoskeletal injuries, increasing the need for effective nursing interventions focused on prevention, rehabilitation, and safe return to activity. In orthopedic and trauma care, nurses play a key role in clinical assessment, patient education, functional recovery, and interdisciplinary coordination; however, nursing-specific interventions in this area remain insufficiently mapped.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To map the scientific literature on nursing interventions for individuals with musculoskeletal injuries related to physical activity.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, guided by the PCC framework: Population (individuals with musculoskeletal injuries), Concept (nursing interventions), and Context (physical activity). Searches were performed in MEDLINE Ultimate, CINAHL Ultimate, SPORTDiscus, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and Scopus, complemented by grey literature. Studies published in English, Portuguese, Spanish, or French were included. Study selection and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers, following PRISMA 2021 guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>36 studies were included. Most originated from the United States and Europe, and were situated within medicine, physiotherapy, and rehabilitation sciences. Nursing-relevant interventions included comprehensive clinical assessment, pain management, health education, psychosocial support, multidisciplinary rehabilitation coordination, therapeutic exercise guidance, balance and proprioception training, activity modification, and reinjury prevention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The evidence highlights multiple nursing interventions applicable to musculoskeletal injury rehabilitation of individuals with physical activity, reinforcing the importance of nurses within orthopedic and trauma care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45099,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Muzzammil , Abdul Qadir , Muhammad Owais Minhas , Amna Jamil , Muhammad Zubair
{"title":"Vitamin D deficiency and musculoskeletal pain intensity in young women: Evidence from a cross-sectional study in Karachi","authors":"Muhammad Muzzammil , Abdul Qadir , Muhammad Owais Minhas , Amna Jamil , Muhammad Zubair","doi":"10.1016/j.ijotn.2026.101263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijotn.2026.101263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in South Asia, yet its clinical impact on musculoskeletal pain in young women remains underexplored. This study assessed the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among young women with persistent nonspecific back and knee pain in Karachi, Pakistan, and analyzed lifestyle and clinical correlates.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to December 2022 at two tertiary care hospitals. A total of 200 women aged 14–35 years with musculoskeletal pain of at least three months’ duration were recruited. Demographics, sun exposure, diet, clothing, and residence data were collected. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were measured. Pain intensity was assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Logistic regression identified predictors of vitamin D deficiency.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 200 participants, 178 (89%) were vitamin D deficient. Limited sun exposure (p < 0.001), smaller skin exposure area (p < 0.01), poor dietary intake (p < 0.05), and overweight status were all significantly associated with lower vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 68% of overweight participants, with a statistically significant association (p = 0.02). Logistic regression showed that participants with less than 1 h of daily sun exposure had 3.4 times higher odds of vitamin D deficiency (95% CI: 1.8–6.2), and those with poor dietary intake had 2.6 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.4–5.1). Participants with lower vitamin D levels reported higher VAS pain intensity scores (p = 0.01), with a clear gradient across pain intensity categories.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Vitamin D deficiency is nearly universal among young women with chronic musculoskeletal pain in Karachi. The strong correlation between vitamin D deficiency and pain intensity underscores the need for routine screening, preventive supplementation, and public health interventions including food fortification and awareness campaigns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45099,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146207937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predictors of one-year postoperative complications in geriatric patients with hip fracture: A retrospective cohort study at a tertiary care centre","authors":"Warangkana Saripan, Jasmine Krainuch","doi":"10.1016/j.ijotn.2026.101265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijotn.2026.101265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hip fracture (HF) commonly occurs in persons of older age following a fall or an accident or in association with osteoporosis and increases the risk of chronic illnesses and mortality. Specifically, HF complications might develop during admission or postsurgically following discharge. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and predictors of one-year postoperative complications in geriatric patients with HF.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study was conducted using data from the electronic medical records of Thai patients age 60 years and over with HFs who underwent HF surgery and were admitted to an orthopaedic ward between January 2019 and December 2022. Data were collected using a case report form detailing patient characteristics, including baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, and one-year postoperative complications. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square test and logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants were 376 Thai adults ages 60–99 (mean age 80 years). Within one year after HF surgery, 33.5% of the patients developed the following major clinical complications: urinary tract infection (25.2%), pneumonia (10.6%), pulmonary embolism (1.6%), deep vein thrombosis (0.8%), surgical site infection (0.8%) and hip dislocation (0.3%). The strongest predictors of postoperative complications were American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (<em>p</em> < 0.001), length of stay (<em>p</em> < 0.001) and nutritional status (<em>p</em> = 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides helpful information for clinicians dealing with geriatric patients with HF, including the prevalence of one-year postoperative complications, while also identifying predictors of postoperative complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45099,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Gomes , Ivo Paiva , Isabel Moreira , Andrèa Marques
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Nurses’ knowledge about palliative care needs of people with fragility hip fractures: a cross-sectional study” [Int. J. Orthopaedic Trauma Nurs. 59 (2025) 101242]","authors":"Sara Gomes , Ivo Paiva , Isabel Moreira , Andrèa Marques","doi":"10.1016/j.ijotn.2025.101244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijotn.2025.101244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nurses knowledge of palliative care is to ensuring patient-centred care, however, palliative care for individuals with fragility hip fractures remains insufficiently understood and underdeveloped.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to assess nurses' knowledge of the palliative care needs of people with hip fragility fractures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional study. Portuguese nurses providing care to patients with hip fractures were selected through an intentional sample (n = 312), from February to April 2025, through an online questionnaire. Analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics. Ethical assumptions assured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 312 nurses, 83,3 % were female. Most held a nursing degree (75,0 %) but were not specialized (59,9 %). The majority worked in the inpatient orthopaedic (32,1 %) and lacked education (57,7 %) or experience in palliative care (86,2 %). In the sample, 60.2 % of participants reported sufficient and insufficient levels of knowledge, while 53.2 % reported similar perceptions of competence. Most participants had never referred a person to palliative care (79.8 %) nor provided care to a patient with a hip fragility fracture under a palliative care team (76.9 %). The nurses' global knowledge was considered sufficient, particularly about symptom control, teamwork and communication, however, it was superior to the mean in the family support category. Some variables had significant correlations with global knowledge: academic qualifications, professional category, practice time, experience and education in palliative care, self-knowledge, and self-competence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Most nurses demonstrated sufficient knowledge of the palliative care needs of people with fragility hip fractures, highlighting the need for greater investment in education and training to enhance nursing care responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45099,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145606621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sonya Clarke, Carmen Queiros, Shareena Bibi Mohd Arif
{"title":"LITERATURE REVIEWS – Advancing nursing practice in the orthopaedic, fracture trauma operating room","authors":"Sonya Clarke, Carmen Queiros, Shareena Bibi Mohd Arif","doi":"10.1016/j.ijotn.2025.101237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijotn.2025.101237","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45099,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}