The effect of aromatherapy massage with peppermint oil on functional impairments in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Abstract

Background

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder that significantly impairs physical function and daily activities. While conventional treatments focus on symptom management, complementary therapies such as aromatherapy massage have gained attention for their potential benefits.

Objective

This study evaluates the effects of peppermint oil aromatherapy massage on functional impairments in KOA patients.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 120 KOA patients at Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan, Iran at October 2024 to December 2024. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: intervention (peppermint oil massage), placebo (paraffin oil massage), and control (no intervention). The intervention and placebo groups received biweekly 15-min knee massages for four weeks. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at baseline, post-intervention, and one-month follow-up. Statistical analyses included chi-square, ANOVA, and repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

Baseline characteristics and KOOS subscale scores were comparable across groups (p > 0.05). The intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in pain reduction, symptom relief, and daily function over time (p < 0.001), while no significant changes were observed in the sports and recreation subscale (p > 0.05). ANOVA confirmed significant intergroup differences in KOOS subscales of pain, symptoms, and daily function at all time points (p < 0.05), except for sports/recreation and quality of life (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Peppermint oil aromatherapy massage significantly alleviates KOA-related pain and functional impairment, enhancing daily activities and overall well-being. Given its non-invasive nature and ease of application, this intervention could be recommended as an adjunctive therapy for KOA management.