Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Diversity Among Academic Orthopaedic Surgery Sports Medicine Faculty Across US Residency Programs.","authors":"Terence L Thomas, Alexander P Zavitsanos, Claude J Regis, John Czarnicki, Harrison S Fellheimer, Gabriel Onor, William L Justice, Jalen Broome, Damon V Briggs, Edward S Chang, Meghan Bishop, Christopher C Dodson","doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-26-00085","DOIUrl":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-26-00085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite growing attention to workforce diversity in orthopaedic surgery, limited data exist describing the demographic composition of academic sports medicine faculty. This study examines the diversity of sports medicine fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgery faculty across US orthopaedic surgery residency training programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis of all ACGME-accredited orthopaedic surgery sports medicine faculty was conducted. Faculty data included sex, race, level of professorship, residency attended, year of residency graduation, and h-index. Underrepresented in Orthopaedics (URiO) was defined as non-White and non-Asian by race and all women. Descriptive statistics were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 812 sports medicine-fellowship trained faculty were included in the analysis: 91% men and 9% women. Racial distribution of faculty was 83% White, 11% Asian, 4% African American, and 1% Hispanic. The region of the United States with the greatest percentage of URiO faculty was the South Atlantic (26%). Most URiO faculty graduated from residency in the last quarter century: 42% from 2012 to 2025 and 41% from 2001 to 2011. No differences were observed between URiO and non-URiO with regard to academic rank or H-Index.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present findings highlight persistent disparities in diversity among orthopaedic sports medicine faculty. Intentional efforts remain warranted to mitigate structural barriers in URiO recruitment to the sports medicine subspecialty and orthopaedic surgery as a whole.</p>","PeriodicalId":45062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equity in Orthopaedic Knowledge, Open-Access Trends Among the Top 1,000 Cited Articles in Orthopaedic Surgery.","authors":"Nicholas J Pettinelli, Michael Anderson, Madison Blackwell, Arjun K Reddy, Chad D Hanson","doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00297","DOIUrl":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Highly cited articles in orthopaedic surgery are important in shaping practice and education. However, their accessibility through open access (OA) remains unclear despite increasing emphasis on equitable research dissemination.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of open access among the 1000 most-cited publications pertinent to orthopaedic surgery and examine trends by journal, decade, and study design. It was hypothesized that access to most of the most-cited orthopaedic publications is behind paywalls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional bibliometric analysis of the top 1000 most-cited orthopaedic surgery journal articles indexed in Scopus from 1980 to 2025. OA status was determined using the Unpaywall criteria adapted by Scopus, which categorizes publications as gold, green, bronze, hybrid, or closed. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and nonparametric comparisons were used to evaluate OA prevalence across article types, journals, and decades. Citation density and OA status were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests and negative binomial regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the top 1000 cited articles, 724 (72.4%) were not available through some form of OA. 276 (27.6%) were available through OA. Most open access was tagged as bronze (12.4%) or green (11.3%), while only 3.9% were published in fully OA journals. No hybrid OA articles were identified. OA prevalence varied among top journals, with Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research showing the highest proportion (43.2%) and the American Journal of Sports Medicine the lowest (8.1%). OA availability differed significantly by article type (χ2 = 15.88, P = 0.0032); randomized controlled trials and preclinical studies were more likely to be open than cohort studies. OA prevalence increased significantly over time, from 0% in the 1980s to 63.6% after 2020s. OA articles had higher annual citation densities (28.0 vs. 23.9 citations/year; P < 0.0001), although OA status was not a notable predictor of total citations in multivariable models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite positive trends in open access, most influential knowledge in orthopaedic surgery remains closed access, representing a notable barrier to the global orthopaedic community.</p>","PeriodicalId":45062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A National Database Propensity-Matched Analysis.","authors":"Malik Al-Jamal, Omar Abdalla, Ahmad Hasan, Abdelrahman Diab, Omar Diab, Muhammad Waheed, Dalia Abudaya, Khaled J Saleh, Walid Yassir","doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00245","DOIUrl":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) complicates total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to altered anatomy and biomechanics, increasing surgical complexity and postoperative risks. Although its effect on THA outcomes has been studied, data on long-term implant performance and revision surgery rates remain limited. This study uses a large, propensity-matched cohort to assess 90-day medical complications and 2-year mechanical outcomes in patients with DDH undergoing THA, addressing critical gaps in the literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX Research Network analyzed data from 104 healthcare organizations. Patients with DDH undergoing THA (n = 5908) were matched with control subjects (n = 5908) based on age, sex, BMI, and comorbidities. Outcomes included 90-day medical (infection, sepsis, thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, and mortality) and 2-year mechanical complications (reoperations and implant failure). Analyses included risk differences (RD), risk ratios (RR), Kaplan-Meier survival, and P-values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No notable differences were observed in 90-day medical complications between DDH and control cohorts. However, patients with DDH demonstrated significantly higher risks of 2-year mechanical complications: revision surgeries: RD: 0.011 (95% CI, 0.005 to 0.017, P = 0.000); RR: 1.492 (95% CI, 1.199 to 1.858). Implant failure: RD: 0.012 (95% CI, 0.005 to 0.018, P = 0.001); RR: 1.394 (95% CI, 1.152 to 1.687). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis further confirmed significantly lower revision surgery-free survival (log-rank P = 0.001) and implant survival (log-rank P = 0.002) in patients with DDH compared with control subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DDH increases 2-year mechanical complications post-THA, emphasizing the need for tailored surgical planning. The absence of increased 90-day medical complications supports perioperative safety. Future research should optimize long-term outcomes through innovations in implant design and surgical techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":45062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyethylene Exchange During Retrograde Intramedullary Nailing in the Treatment of Periprosthetic Distal Femur Fractures: A Registry Pilot Analysis.","authors":"Joseph G Miceli, Nikki A Doerr, Nicholas T Andriani, Daniel T Miles, Andrew S Porter, Jaclyn M Jankowski, Frank A Liporace, Richard S Yoon","doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-26-00245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-26-00245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The primary purpose of this study was to report the indications for and the rate of polyethylene exchange (PE) during retrograde intramedullary nailing (rIMN) in periprosthetic distal femur fractures. This study also explores the role of polyethylene-related etiologies of patients experiencing prefracture TKA instability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective review was done on patients older than 18 years treated with rIMN or nail-plate combination (NPC) for periprosthetic fracture (PPFx) of the femur above a total knee arthroplasty with well-fixed components from 2013 to 2023. Patient demographic, perioperative, and surgical data were collected. Descriptive data were reported as means ± standard deviation (SD) for continuous data or counts (%) for categorical data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-six patients met inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. Seven patients (26.9%) had reports of instability before fracture. Of these, 5 (71.4%) reported catching, 1 (14.2%) presented with antecedent pain, and 1 (14.2%) experienced giving out. The incidence of PE was 34.6% (9/26). Indications for exchange were flexion instability in 33.3% (3/26), damaged polyethylene in 22.2% (2/26), blocked nail entry in 22.2% (2/26), flexion instability with internal rotation deformity in 11.1% (2/26), and polyethylene wear in 11.1% (2/26).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This pilot study demonstrates a higher incidence of PE than previously reported in the literature. Indications for PE in distal femur PPFx around a TKA in this cohort include postfixation flexion instability, intraoperative polyethylene damage, blocked nail entry, and polyethylene wear. With larger, prospective studies, an increased understanding of the role for PE may lead to improved patient outcomes and limit morbidity associated with recurrent and new TKA instability postoperatively.</p>","PeriodicalId":45062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13490046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare Professionals Produce Higher Quality Content for Shoulder Dislocation on TikTok.","authors":"Cariane Driad, Xavier Sonesaksith-Turcotte, Émilie Sandman, Prevost Jantchou, Lily Trang Huynh, Marie-Lyne Nault","doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-24-00337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-24-00337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>TikTok has become an increasingly popular source of health information. This study aimed to assess the quality and content of TikTok videos discussing glenohumeral dislocation. The hypothesis being that videos produced by healthcare professionals (HCPs) would be superior.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used the keyword \"shoulder dislocation\" to retrieve videos, and the first 173 videos found were reviewed. Inclusion criteria was (1) English language, and exclusion criteria were (1) video following a trend, (2) no association with shoulder dislocation, and (3) being no longer available at the time of the analysis. Videos were classified into two groups: those by general users and those by HCPs. Basic information was extracted, and the content classified by two independent raters into six types: definition, signs/symptoms, risk factors/prevention, evaluation, management, and outcome. The same raters assessed the quality of the information presented with the validated DISCERN instrument. Any disagreements were resolved by a third rater. Pearson correlation and nonparametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred two of the 173 videos reviewed met the inclusion criteria; 70 from general users and 32 from HCPs. The most discussed topic was management (73), while definition (15) was the least discussed. A significant difference was observed in DISCERN score between videos by HCPs (28.78 ± 7.16) and general users (19.00 ± 5.99; P < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Videos by HCPs were of higher quality than those by general users, although overall content quality was poor.</p>","PeriodicalId":45062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13490048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiligamentous Knee Injury in a Skeletally Immature Athlete.","authors":"Jerome Murray, Shefali Bijwadia, Jacob Ristow, Bradley Nelson","doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00266","DOIUrl":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report details an adolescent boy aged 13 years 4 months who sustained a complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, and medial collateral ligament with a partial lateral meniscus tear during a football injury. He underwent autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and allograft posterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament reconstruction, followed by partial lateral meniscectomy. Postoperative rehabilitation included progressive range of motion and strength training, with return to sport achieved after surgery. At the 18-month follow-up, the patient reported no pain, had normal limb lengths, and demonstrated excellent functional outcomes, including return to competitive football. This case highlights successful multiligamentous knee reconstruction in a skeletally immature patient and underscores the importance of graft selection and surgical technique to minimize physeal injury and reduce the risk of leg-length discrepancy, allowing full return to competitive sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":45062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13480889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Influence: The Orthopaedic PAC's Impact Explored Through Analysis of FEC Data.","authors":"Vidushan Nadarajah, Miranda Barnes, Jonathan Belding, Basilia O Nwankwo, Susan E Stephens, A Bobby Chhabra, Matthew J Deasey","doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-26-00257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-26-00257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Political action committees (PACs) play a crucial role in the US political landscape, supporting legislative agendas for various professional groups. The Orthopaedic PAC, established by the American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons, exemplifies this model by directing funds to influence healthcare policy in alignment with orthopaedic interests. However, more research is needed on the correlation between PAC contributions and legislative outcomes, specifically within health care.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study analyzed the Orthopaedic PAC's financial contributions over time, focusing on spending trends, geographic distribution, and partisan alignment to understand potential associations with healthcare legislative activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective quantitative analysis of Orthopaedic PAC contributions using publicly available data from the Federal Election Commission from 1999 to 2022. Contributions exceeding $200 were analyzed to assess spending patterns by party affiliation, geographic distribution, and temporal trends. Descriptive statistics contextualized Orthopaedic PAC activity within the broader healthcare PAC landscape. Geographic information systems (GIS) mapping visualized regional variations, and JMP Pro statistical software was used for all analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Orthopaedic PAC's financial contributions have generally increased over time, with notable peaks during critical legislative cycles, such as the 2010 Affordable Care Act. Contributions generally favored Republican candidates, particularly in Texas, Alabama, and California. Geographic trends indicated concentrated support in the Southeast and Midwest regions. Comparative analyses showed that the Orthopaedic PAC outspent many other healthcare PACs, highlighting its strong financial engagement. However, no direct causative link between contributions and specific legislative outcomes could be established.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the Orthopaedic PAC's financial strategies and political alignment, underscoring its sustained engagement in healthcare policy advocacy. Although spending trends suggest a strategic response to legislative events, further research is needed to evaluate the direct impact of PAC contributions on policy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":45062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13480892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Pilot Study on the Use of Low-Cost Modules to Improve Junior Orthopaedic Resident Surgical Skills.","authors":"Mia S Hagen, Jacquelyn Dunahoe, Kate M Parker, Christopher Y Kweon, Stephen A Kennedy","doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00257","DOIUrl":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Orthopaedic skills modules have been validated in the short term, but their effect on longitudinal development is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess whether orthopaedic surgery interns with access to a home module set had improved Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS) scores at the end of the academic year compared with the start of the year and with a control class who did not have access to the modules.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective cohort study, eight incoming postgraduate year one residents (\"PGY1\") and eight outgoing PGY1 residents (\"control\") were tested on five skills modules. The PGY1 cohort had home access to modules over the year and was retested at the end of the academic year. Grading was conducted by two faculty using the OSATS Global Rating Score (GRS). Objective measures of efficiency (time) and accuracy were recorded. The performances of PGY1 at the beginning of the year versus the end of the year and PGY1 at the end of the year versus control group were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant improvement was observed in GRS across all modules for PGY1, and the end-of-year PGY1 performed better than the control cohort across all modules (all P < 0.05). For the PGY1 cohort, beginning-of-year versus end-of-year accuracy improved in drill plunge from 13.7 ± 8.6 to 5.7 ± 2.1 millimeters (P = 0.034) and efficiency improved in angled drilling from 37.6 ± 22.5 to 12.0 ± 3.6 seconds (P = 0.017). The end-of-year PGY1 demonstrated greater efficiency in drill plunge, depth gauge, and angled drilling compared with the control cohort (all P < 0.05), with no significant differences in task accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 1-year implementation of low-cost orthopaedic skills modules was associated with improved skill performance among the PGY1 residents relative to their performance at the beginning of the year and relative to a class of control residents who did not have access to the modules.</p>","PeriodicalId":45062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13406120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148685975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Can Direct Patients Toward a Complaint-specific Musculoskeletal Provider.","authors":"Ethan C Gazan, Colin M Emrich, Alexander J Baur, Zachary C Lum, Jenna A Bernstein, David C Landy","doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00339","DOIUrl":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with musculoskeletal complaints often search online to identify an appropriate healthcare provider. With the increasing availability of large language models (LLMs), these artificial intelligence (AI) tools can direct patients to providers. This study evaluated the ability of LLMs to recommend appropriate providers based on representative patient musculoskeletal queries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three LLMs (ChatGPT, DeepSeek, and Gemini) were prompted with standardized musculoskeletal queries for two US cities (Lynchburg, VA, and Trumbull, CT). Provider recommendations were considered appropriate if the physician was currently practicing in the requested location and specialized in the relevant area. Listed phone numbers were checked for accuracy. Descriptive statistics and Fisher exact tests were used to summarize findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The appropriateness of recommended providers differed across models with ChatGPT being most often appropriate (17/17, 100%) compared with Gemini (9/21, 43%) and DeepSeek (4/10, 40%), (P < 0.001). Of the 18 inappropriate recommendations, 13 (72%) were real providers in unrelated specialties and 5 (28%) were hallucinations, all from DeepSeek. Phone number accuracy differed significantly across models with Gemini being most accurate (5/6, 83%), outperforming both ChatGPT (6/9, 67%; P = 0.60) and DeepSeek (2/10, 20%; P = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>LLMs showed potential to direct patients to local, specialized musculoskeletal providers based on their report, although the specific contact information was at times inaccurate. As these tools evolve, providers should be aware of AI's ability to make provider recommendations and work to ensure the presentation of their contact information is accessible by these models as best possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":45062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13406377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148686034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physeal Growth May Resume Following Removal of Transphyseal Epiphysiodesis Screws.","authors":"Evan L Honig, Erikson Nichols, Pari L Palandjian, Sarah Pilcher, Jeremi M Carswell, Roger Widmann, Emily R Dodwell","doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-24-00218","DOIUrl":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-24-00218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 14 +6 year-old (bone age 13 +0 years) genetically 46, XX, phenotypic female patient underwent distal femur and proximal tibia screw epiphysiodesis for a leg length discrepancy related to overgrowth following juvenile ACL reconstruction. The patient was considering, but had not committed to, gender affirmation treatment (internally the patient felt male). The patient later started testosterone, which altered predictions of height and leg length discrepancy at maturity. Screws were removed to minimize overshortening of the previously long leg. Upon screw removal, modest growth of the operative limb resumed. Following removal of transphyseal screws in skeletally immature patients, growth may resume.</p>","PeriodicalId":45062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13406250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148686019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}