Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Outcomes and Complications of Shoulder Arthroplasty in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Large Insurance Claims Matched Cohort Analysis.","authors":"Daanish Khazi-Syed, Josh Chang, Camden Bohn, Catherine Hand, Chase Gornbein, Harmanjeet Singh, Vikranth Mirle, Vahram Gamsarian, William Harkin, Henry Eilen, Matthew Varano, Brian Forsythe","doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00070","DOIUrl":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease, is a chronic condition that affects the gastrointestinal tract and is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. With shoulder arthroplasty becoming more common, especially among aging populations, this study investigates the outcomes and complications of shoulder arthroplasty in patients with IBD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study using the PearlDiver database analyzed national insurance claims data from patients aged older than 18 years who underwent primary shoulder arthroplasty between 2010 and 2020. Patients with IBD were matched with control subjects by age, sex, and comorbidities. Primary outcomes included rates of revision arthroplasty and rotator cuff repair (RCR) between 2010 and 2020, while secondary outcomes included 90-day postoperative complications, such as infections, emergency department visits, and medical complications including deep vein thrombosis, pneumonia, and IBD-associated sepsis. Statistical significance was assessed using chi-square and multivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 8114 patients, 93.9% were older than 50 and 62.7% were female. Patients with IBD had markedly higher rates of 90-day complications, including infections (OR 4.93), ED visits (OR 4.89), pneumonia (OR 6.42), and IBD-associated sepsis (OR 16.9), among others. In addition, patients with IBD were more likely to require rotator cuff repair (OR 1.38) and undergo revision procedures (OR 1.33) compared with control subjects (P-values all < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with IBD undergoing shoulder arthroplasty face a higher risk of postoperative complications and revision surgeries. These findings highlight the importance of careful preoperative evaluation and tailored postoperative care for this patient group.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>IV.</p>","PeriodicalId":45062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Precision in Pelvic Tumor Reconstruction: Early Experience and Iterative Design of Custom 3D-Printed Implants.","authors":"Jan Lesensky, Michal Benes, Zdenek Cejka, Ana C Belzarena","doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00456","DOIUrl":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pelvic tumor resections with custom 3D-printed implant reconstruction have become the benchmark in limb-salvage surgery. However, evidence regarding reconstructive precision is limited, and adaptive prosthetic design is rarely discussed. This study reports our early experience, highlighting iterative design modifications and lessons learned to optimize fit and accuracy. We also evaluated implant positioning comparing preoperative plans with postoperative imaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed seven patients with primary bone malignancy who underwent periacetabular resection and reconstruction with custom 3D-printed implants. Patient-specific plans and postoperative imaging were analyzed. Implant design was iteratively refined based on early intraoperative challenges, with modifications implemented in later cases. Outcomes were assessed descriptively, and statistical analyses were conducted to compare implant version, acetabular version, and implant frame overlap.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Early challenges, including open-book pelvic migration, joint instability, and implant malpositioning, prompted design modifications, such as modular implant splitting, angle-stable locking screws, novel constrained cup, and clamp-like pubic fixation plates, which improved fit and stability. Minor discrepancies between planned and actual implant positions were observed overall, with median differences in implant version, acetabular version, and implant frame overlap of 1.6° (IQR 1.2-2.4), 2.7° (IQR 2.4-6.3), and 87.0% (IQR 80.0-88.0), respectively. Comparisons between initial and modified implants demonstrated markedly improved positioning, and learning curves showed progressive improvements in placement and intraoperative performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patient-specific instruments combined with iterative prosthetic design enable precise pelvic reconstructions and enhance short-term results. Early experience demonstrates how adaptive modifications and surgical learning curves can address challenges, laying the foundation for improved long-term functional outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":45062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing of Isotretinoin Exposure and Early Postoperative Complications after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.","authors":"Areeb Ahmad, Ronald J Shamus, Kassem Ghayyad, Daryl C Osbahr, Adam J Money, Michael G Ciccotti, George J Richard","doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-26-00249","DOIUrl":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-26-00249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Isotretinoin (ITN) is widely prescribed for severe acne in adolescents and young adults, a population where anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is commonly performed. Long-standing concerns about impaired wound healing have prompted many surgeons to delay procedures, despite limited orthopaedic-specific evidence. This retrospective case series evaluates early postoperative clinical complications in patients with documented ITN exposure undergoing ACLR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed primary ACLR cases from 2015 to 2025 at a multisite orthopaedic practice with documented ITN exposure within 12 months of surgery and at least 3 months of follow-up. ITN exposure was categorized as perioperative (≤10 days), recent (>10 days to 6 months), or remote (>6 to 12 months). The primary outcome was noninfectious incision-site wound complications. Secondary outcomes included graft-site and surgical complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-nine patients (53% female; mean age 18 ± 5 years; BMI 23 ± 2.9 kg/m2, mean follow-up, 9.3 ± 3.3 months) who underwent autograft ACLR were included. Noninfectious wound complications occurred in three patients (5.1%): two remote exposures (incisional bleeding and hemorrhagic bulla) and one recent exposure (contact dermatitis). One graft-site complication (mini cyclops lesion with associated infrapatellar fat-pad scarring) and five surgical complications (postoperative arthrofibrosis requiring revision surgery) were identified. All wound complications resolved conservatively, and no surgical site infections occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This retrospective case series observed a low incidence of noninfectious wound, graft-site, and surgical complications among ITN-exposed patients undergoing ACLR. These findings are hypothesis generating and underscore the need for adequately powered comparative studies to clarify the impact of ITN exposure timing on postoperative healing in orthopaedic surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":45062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of an Opioid Avoidance Protocol for ACL Reconstruction: A Pilot Sequential Cohort Study.","authors":"Matthew Varacallo, Samantha Morgan, Christopher Varacallo, Jared Ham","doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-26-00284","DOIUrl":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-26-00284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions (ACLRs) are commonly performed in healthy, opioid-naive patients aged ≤29 years, yet up to 6% of patients undergoing ACLR become persistent opioid users for 90 days after surgery. Multimodal analgesia (MMA) protocols have recently been implemented, but opioids remain a primary rescue medication, with surgeons accounting for 73% of opioids prescribed.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine whether an opioid avoidance protocol (OAP) including cryoneurolysis could eliminate or markedly reduce opioid use without compromising pain control after ACLR.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>This was a pilot, unblinded, sequential cohort study of patients aged ≥15 years undergoing ACLR. Level of evidence: II.1.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The standard of care (SOC) protocol group received oral analgesics, regional anesthesia, and rescue opioid therapy, whereas the OAP group received cryoneurolysis 7 to 21 days before surgery as well as oral analgesics and regional anesthesia, with opioids prescribed upon request. The primary end point was opioid use in morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) from postoperative day (POD) 0 to POD 7, with secondary end points of daily worst and average pain, Quality of Recovery 15 (QoR-15) scores, opioid-free status, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) pain and symptom subscales, and opioid prescriptions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No notable differences were found in patient characteristics at baseline. Patients in the OAP group used markedly fewer MMEs postoperatively versus the SOC group (35 vs 172.5). No notable differences were observed in worst or average pain at any time. The OAP group had markedly improved KOOS symptom scores at week 8.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to use an MMA protocol incorporating cryoneurolysis 7 to 21 days before ACLR and to demonstrate notable reductions in opioid use without sacrificing pain control, but opioid needs were not entirely eliminated. The OAP is a step toward preventing opioid use disorder in young patients and can be supplemented with additional modalities to further reduce or eliminate opioid use.</p>","PeriodicalId":45062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Custom Antibiotic-Coated Intramedullary Nails for Infected Tibial and Femoral Nonunions: Retrospective Cohort Study and Surgical Technique.","authors":"Vanessa Jane Chow, Rejith Mannambeth","doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-26-00010","DOIUrl":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-26-00010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a standardized, custom PMMA-coated antibiotic-eluting interlocking nail (Abx-IMN) for chronically infected femoral and tibial nonunion, quantifying infection eradication, radiographic union, and limb preservation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective cohort (single center) with consecutive adults with infected tibial or femur nonunions undergoing limb salvage with a custom PMMA-coated, antibiotic-eluting interlocking nail (Abx-IMN) between 1 January, 2021, and 31 August, 2024. The technique used an ECMO tube mold to cast a uniform ∼1.5 to 2 mm mantle around a standard interlocking nail with 1.5 mm to 2 mm canal over-reaming and protected interlocking windows. The primary end points were radiographic union and limb preservation (analyzed per limb) and infection eradication (analyzed per patient). Proportions were reported with exact 95% confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen limbs in 13 patients were included. Radiographic union occurred in 11/14 limbs (0.78; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.95). Infection eradication was achieved in 12/13 patients (0.92; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.99). Limb preservation was maintained in 13/14 limbs (0.93; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.99). Unplanned revision surgery occurred in 3/14 limbs (0.21; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.51). The cohort represented a high-risk population with severe soft-tissue injury and a substantial burden of multidrug-resistant organisms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A standardized custom Abx-IMN is a pragmatic, immediately available consolidating strategy for complex infected nonunion, coupling locked intramedullary stability with organism-matched local antibiotics. In a high-risk real-world cohort, it achieved clinically meaningful rates of infection control, union, and limb preservation, with an expected revision surgery burden driven by biology rather than the device. Findings support broader evaluation in multicenter, protocol-driven comparative studies against commercial coatings and frame-based reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":45062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Government Insurance and Higher Area Deprivation Index Associated With Increased Time to Care in Patients With Traumatic Patellar Instability.","authors":"Vibav H Mouli, Allan K Metz, Eileen A Crawford","doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-26-00267","DOIUrl":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-26-00267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patellar instability is an increasingly prevalent condition in the adolescent population, often requiring surgical intervention for traumatic or recurrent dislocations. Despite growing recognition of health disparities in orthopaedic surgery, little is known about sociodemographic factors associated with delays to care. We hypothesized that government insurance and higher Area Deprivation Index (ADI) would be associated with increased time to care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review was conducted of pediatric patients (ages 7 to 19 years) undergoing surgery for traumatic patellar instability at a single institution from September 2015 to September 2022. Demographic characteristics, ADI scores, and time-to-care variables were collected including time to first visit, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and day of surgery. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted with sex, race, insurance status, and ADI as independent variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 118 patients were included (mean age 15.0 ± 2.0 years; 54.2% female). Higher ADI was significantly associated with longer time from injury to the first visit (β = 0.1, P = 0.042) and from the first visit to MRI (β = 1.9, P = 0.041). Government insurance was significantly associated with longer time from surgical decision to surgery (β = 24.6, P = 0.019). No notable associations were found for sex or race.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ADI and public insurance are two sociodemographic factors associated with delays to care for pediatric patients treated with surgery after traumatic patellar instability. Longer care journeys in this population may affect patients' quality of life. Additional efforts are warranted to mitigate these potential health disparities and ensure more equitable care delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":45062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: ChatGPT Can and Common Patient Questions Compared With OrthoInfo Regarding Rotator Cuff Tears: Comment.","authors":"Hinpetch Daungsupawong, Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00098","DOIUrl":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00098","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Great Minds Think Alike.","authors":"Yuan-Ya Liao, Yu-Min Lin","doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-26-00050","DOIUrl":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-26-00050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Cannabis Use on Postoperative Outcomes after Spinal Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.","authors":"Gabriel S Linden, Alexa P Bosco, Danielle Cook, Nazgol Tavabi, Ata M Kiapour, Craig M Birch, M Timothy Hresko, Daniel J Hedequist, Grant D Hogue","doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00401","DOIUrl":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>This was a retrospective matched-cohort study.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is limited information about the effects of cannabis on patients undergoing surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This study investigated if self-reported cannabis use is associated with postoperative pain, opioid use, and complication rate after spinal fusion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AIS patients with self-reported preoperative cannabis use were matched to control subjects with no history of cannabis use. Matching criteria included age at surgery, sex, initial curve magnitude, curve type, and number of levels fused. Inclusion required an AIS diagnosis and spinal fusion at a single center from 2011 to 2019. Intraoperative outcomes, pain scores, medication use, and postoperative complications were collected. Follow-up duration was 1 month.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen cannabis positive patients with AIS were matched to 65 controls (median age 18.1, 65% males). A significant increase was observed in surgical time per level fused for cannabis patients (33 vs 28 min, P = 0.03), but this was insignificant when controlling for the propensity score (P = 0.08). No significant differences were observed in intraoperative outcomes, pain scores, pain medication use, discharge pain medication amounts, length-of-stay, curve correction, or complication rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preoperative cannabis use was not associated with differences in surgical safety, anesthesia risk, inpatient pain, opioid use, and postoperative complications to the interval of the first postoperative appointment. Future prospective research is needed to determine the effects of cannabis on long-term follow-up from AIS spinal fusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":45062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular Clues in Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Narrative Review for Orthopaedic Specialists.","authors":"Sara Alhomaidhi, Hamza M Alrabai, Laila Alsabbagh, Abdullah Addar","doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00373","DOIUrl":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are primarily characterized by joint, bone, and connective tissue involvement, but they can also present with ocular manifestations that carry diagnostic and clinical significance. These findings such as uveitis, blue sclera, lens subluxation, and scleritis may serve as early markers of systemic disease or indicate ongoing inflammation that affects orthopaedic decision making. Despite their relevance, ocular symptoms are frequently underrecognized in orthopaedic settings, potentially delaying comprehensive care. This narrative review aims to explore the spectrum of MSDs with documented ocular involvement, examining the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical implications for orthopaedic specialists, and current recommendations for interdisciplinary management and ophthalmology referral. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, including peer-reviewed studies published between 2016 and 2025. High-risk conditions, such as osteogenesis imperfecta, Marfan syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, were emphasized because of their ocular complexity and orthopaedic relevance. Ophthalmologic evaluation in selected musculoskeletal populations can aid in early diagnosis, improve perioperative safety, and support holistic patient care. Incorporating structured identification of patients requiring ophthalmology referral into orthopaedic protocols, especially for syndromic, pediatric, and inflammatory conditions, represents a practical step toward more comprehensive musculoskeletal management.</p>","PeriodicalId":45062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}