JOURNAL OF CANADIAN STUDIES-REVUE D ETUDES CANADIENNES最新文献

{"title":"[Looking for Old Ontario: Two Centuries of Landscape Change]","authors":"T. McIlwraith, Kerry A. Badgley","doi":"10.5860/choice.35-2319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.35-2319","url":null,"abstract":"Looking for Old Ontario: Two Centuries of Landscape Change. Thomas F. McIlwraith. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997.The primary aim of the University of Toronto Press's Ontario Historical Studies Series (1971-1993) was to \"describe and analyse the historical development of Ontario as a distinct region within Canada.\" This was necessary, it was argued, because for many years the main theme in English-Canadian historiography was the emergence of the Canadian nation. Ontario's role in the country's development precluded it from being perceived as a region. Contributor Paul Craven claimed, \"Almost unconsciously, historians have equated the role of the province with that of the nation and have often depicted the interests of other regions as obstacles to the unity and welfare of Canada\" (vii).The series also hoped to encourage historians not directly involved in the project to turn their attention to the province. Judging by the books reviewed here, its directors succeeded as writers continue to be interested in Ontario's past. While several aspects of the province are studied, however, in the works reviewed the extent to which the authors convey a sense of a distinct province varies from book to book.In Looking for Old Ontario: Two Centuries of Landscape Change, geograpner Thomas McIlwraith examines vernacular features of southern Ontario's built environment and the social meanings they convey. The result is a highly readable and well-illustrated book with chapters on surveying building materials, houses, barns, fences, grave markers and many other seemingly mundane topics. As McIlwraith points out, it is regrettable that the ordinary is often taken for granted because routine features of the human environment provide insights into the way in which people interacted with their environment. It will be difficult for anyone who reads this book to look at roads, mills, houses, etc., without trying to determine when they were constructed, by whom and for what purposes.Choosing sections of McIlwraith's book to highlight in a review is not easy, because most of them are worth mentioning. One chapter, for example, provides a good account of surveying techniques and the problems associated with the profession in the province's early years.(f.1) McIlwraith adds a human dimension by observing that place names reflect \"what successive administrators deemed to be meaningful in their lives\" (65). There is a useful map and a table tracing the types of place names these officials used. In his chapter on building materials, McIlwraith points out some of Ontario's particularities. In 1931, for example, 27 per cent of the buildings in the province were made of brick, compared with six per cent for Quebec and between one and two per cent for the rest of Canada.(f.2)McIlwraith's ideological position is not explicit but it is clear that his sympathies are with those whose lives and accomplishments usually go unmentioned. In his discussion of grave markers, for ex","PeriodicalId":45057,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CANADIAN STUDIES-REVUE D ETUDES CANADIENNES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71055765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Tradition and Transformation\": Recent Scholarship in Canadian Nursing History","authors":"Linda J. Quiney","doi":"10.3138/JCS.34.3.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/JCS.34.3.282","url":null,"abstract":"She Answered Every Call: The Life ofPublic Health Nurse, Mona Gordon Wilson (1894-1981). Douglas O. Baldwin. Charlottetown: Indigo Press, 1997. The Women of Royaumont: A Scottish Women's Hospital on the Western Front. Eileen Crofton. East Lothian: Tuckwell Press, 1997 The Military Nurses of Canada: Recollections of Canadian Military Nurses. Vol. 1 E.A. Landells, ed. Whiterock, BC: Co-Publishing, 1995. Bedside Matters: The Transformation of Canadian Nursing, 1900-1990. Kathryn McPherson. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1996. Nobody Ever Wins a Wan The World War I Diaries of Ella Mae Bongard, R.N. Eric Scott, ed. Ottawa: Janeric Enterprises, 1997. Jean I Gunn: Nursing Leader. Natalie Riegler. Markham: A.M.S./Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1997. Canadian nursing history is strongly rooted in conventional biography and the descriptive narrative style. Consequently, the careful recording of events and preservation of archival material has ensured a rich resource for future research in nursing's early development and its notable leaders (Gibbon and Mathewson). While recording the contributions of exceptional nurses, this method necessarily limits analysis of the role of the wider community of nursing practitioners, preventing comprehensive understanding of nursing's history and development and its place in the history of women's work. In 1991, historian Veronica Strong-Boag confidently predicted that \"the history of nurses is changing women's history and the history of Canada\"; she noted a new interest in nurses and nursing among social historians as they began to question nursing's relationship to issues of gender, class and race (231). Yet historians Kathryn McPherson and Meryn Stuart have cautioned that not all nursing scholars welcome these new \"historical studies informed or motivated by political theory,\" and many prefer that nursing history mainly serve nursing's own interests (18). This conservative approach history has led to cautious consideration of nursing within the broader context of Canadian social history. By comparison, in the 1980s American scholarship took the lead in examining the work and culture of nursing. New interpretations by American historians Barbara Melosh in \"The Physician's Hand\": Work, Culture and Conflict ill American Nursing (1982) and Susan Reverby in Ordered to Care: the Dilemma of American Nursing, 1856-1945 (1987), directed American nursing scholarship towards labour history as a model for analysis. Until recently, Canadian nursing lacked a similar analytical framework for interpretation of its own historical development. The history of nursing in Canada spans the centuries; before the religious nursing orders brought to the continent by the earliest European colonists were the healing practices of Aboriginal peoples. Yet nursing as an organised and structured profession for Canadian women dates only from the late nineteenth century, when the Victorian enthusiasm for order and institution building gave rise to the devel","PeriodicalId":45057,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CANADIAN STUDIES-REVUE D ETUDES CANADIENNES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69364244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The Quest of the Folk: Antimodernism & Cultural Selection in Twentiety-Century Nova Scotia]","authors":"I. Mckay, S. Drodge","doi":"10.2307/25144053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/25144053","url":null,"abstract":"The Quest of the Folk: Antimodernism and Cultural Selection in Twentieth-century Nova Scotia. Ian McKay. Montreal and Kingston: McGill- Queen's University Press, 1994.This decade has seen a rising national and international interest in the cultures and histories of Atlantic Canada. This attention - most conspicuously manifest in the popularity of such contemporary artistic events as The Shipping News, Margaret's Museum and the Celtic music revival - perhaps signifies that a certain romantic nostalgia for the simpler life lingers in the popular imagination. In the academic world, nostalgia is taking a reflexive turn, being acknowledged as an element at work in the hermeneutics of texts and events. Such reflexivity is particularly evident in Ian McKay's The Quest of the Folk and Ronald Rompkey's Labrador Odyssey, both of which offer alternatives to the founding fictions that have worked to efface the cultural histories of at least some Atlantic Canadians. These texts foreground the representation of culture, challenging us to read against historical and folkloric constructions of societies and their identities. They ask that we acknowledge the subject positions of historical narratives and question the processes behind what we are asked to read as culture. It is this reading practice that informs my own comments on the five diverse accounts of maritime histories and cultures offered in The Quest of the Folk, Labrador Odyssey, Home Medicine, Canadians at Last and The Tenant League of Prince Edward Island.McKay's The Quest of the Folk examines the antimodernist impulse at work in the processes of cultural selection and invention in twentieth-century Nova Scotia. Its thesis is interesting and adversarial: \"The Folk,\" as category and construction, reduces \"people once alive to the status of inert essences\" and voids \"the emancipatory potential of historical knowledge\" (xvi). What is perhaps most contentious is not the argument itself, but the representation of \"cultural producers\" such as Helen Creighton as aesthetic colonizers who actively sought and produced the Folk according to their own romantic impulses: This book is about the \"path of destiny\" that led Creighton and countless other cultural figures to develop \"the Folk\" as the key to understanding Nova Scotian culture and history. It is about the ways in which urban cultural producers, pursuing their own interests and expressing their own view of things, constructed the Folk of the countryside as the romantic antithesis to everything they disliked about modern urban and industrial life. (4)Its five chapters contextualize the concept of the Folk, explore Creighton's role in the development of maritime folklore, examine the commodification and discourse of \"Innocence,\" and survey the idea of the Folk under postmodern conditions (30). In its demystification of the interpretative framework and construction of culture and identity, The Quest of the Folk revises twentieth-century Nova Scotian history ","PeriodicalId":45057,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CANADIAN STUDIES-REVUE D ETUDES CANADIENNES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/25144053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68816157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of law in natural resource management.","authors":"J. Spiertz, M. Wiber","doi":"10.2307/2660988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2660988","url":null,"abstract":"\"Why is it that the management of natural resources, although rational and well meaning, has so far very much resembled a \"bull in a china shop\"?\" Governments and organizations have responded to increasing pressure on scarce natural resources by creating a multiplicity of, and occasionally conflicting, rules. In the resulting confusion, policy objectives are never realized. Contributors to \"The Role of Law in Natural Resource Management\" investigate these responses and ask questions designed to illuminate the real complexity of the natural resource arena. To illustrate that preference for private property over common property is a core problem in both industrialized and developing countries, the editors have assembled case studies from both Western and non-Western countries. The contributors to this volume cover classic topics such as the managment of pasture in the colonial and post-colonial Sahel and the fisheries in the eastern United States and Canada. They go beyond these to the management of the woodlot and dairy industries in Canada, irrigation water in Nepal and Bali and the privatization of \"ejido\" lands in Mexico.","PeriodicalId":45057,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CANADIAN STUDIES-REVUE D ETUDES CANADIENNES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2660988","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68703831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immigrant Canada : demographic, economic, and social challenges","authors":"Christopher G. Anderson, L. Driedger, S. Halli","doi":"10.3138/9781442676022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442676022","url":null,"abstract":"A Nation of Immigrants: Past, Present and FutureChristopher G. AndersonEds. Shiva S. Halli and Leo Driedger. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999.\"Immigration made the last century a success for Canada.\"(1) So declared Elinor Caplan, the minister of Citizenship and Immigration, as she announced the government's intention to admit between 200,000 and 225,000 immigrants and refugees into the country during 2000. It is a remark that none of the authors under review here would probably contest, as they all, each in their own fashion, explore various ways in which newcomers have contributed to Canada throughout its history. Whereas the minister's comment was offered as an expression of millennial optimism, however, there is another, darker side to the immigration story that is also the focus of the books examined below. Canada has not always opened its door to immigrants and refugees, and those admitted have not always found themselves welcomed as equal members of society. For much of the country's history, immigration has been used as a means to increase the labour pool in the pursuit of economic growth, and most immigrants did not share in the wealth that was thereby created. Of course, the immigrant experience in Canada (and the Canadian experience with immigration) has never simply been an economic process, but also one of managing the reality of social diversity and understanding the meaning of political equality. As well, the experience has involved a search for safety by the persecuted, and Canada's response to the needs of refugees constitutes another way in which to assess the country's success in the twentieth century.Thus, Caplan's statement - like the familiar refrain that Canada is \"a nation of immigrants\" - is at first blush telling more for what it hides than what it reveals. The books under review here help to develop the tools necessary to comprehend more fully the complexity of what it means for Canada to succeed as a country of permanent settlement for immigrants and refugees. The five volumes reflect the diversity of the field across disciplines and methodologies. Here the reader is drawn through the realms of demography, history, political science and sociology, carried by empirical and theoretical work, macro- and micro-level studies, qualitative and quantitative analyses, archival research and surveys of the literature, often undertaken in compelling combinations. The authors and editors explore the distant and recent past, but always with an eye towards the present and the near future. If there is one common theme that joins these texts it is that to understand Canada, it is necessary to study the many ways in which newcomers have shaped its evolution. Not surprisingly, the authors and editors do not manage all that they set out to achieve. Indeed, individually and collectively, these works reveal in particular the extent to which the last quarter of the twentieth century remains little understood. None the less, each boo","PeriodicalId":45057,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CANADIAN STUDIES-REVUE D ETUDES CANADIENNES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1999-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69601196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making Sense of Sentencing","authors":"G. Marquis, Julian V. Roberts, David P. Cole","doi":"10.3138/9781442676923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442676923","url":null,"abstract":"Law, Crime, Punishment and SocietyGreg MarquisEds. Julian V. Roberts and David P. Cole. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999. 363 pp.Legal studies in Canada are experiencing a golden age as articles, anthologies and monographs produced by academics trained in the 1980s and 1990s continue to appear. Nine books, nearly 50 authors and more than 2,000 pages of text and notes later, this reviewer is suffering from intellectual fatigue, but the type that comes from a good workout.In terms of Canada's legal history, the Osgoode Society has been the leading force for publication for two decades. As of 1999 it had produced more than three dozen monographs or collections of essays. Its most recent anthology is edited by G. Blaine Baker and Jim Phillips, law professors who are also noted legal historians. Essays in the History of Canadian Law VIII evolved out of a 1998 conference dedicated to pioneering legal scholar R.C.B. Risk. In the 1970s the American-trained Risk published on the relationship between law and the economy in nineteenth-century Ontario. Significantly, these essays did not appear in history publications, but in law journals. His work is largely unknown to most Canadian historians, but Risk has exerted an important influence on legal history scholars associated with law faculties. His stature is acknowledged by two scholars of international repute, Robert Gordon and David Sugarman, and his body of work and its effect are assessed in an insightful chapter by G. Blaine Baker.Most of the contributors to the Risk festschrift are involved with law schools, and the tone of most chapters tends towards classic legal history. Many of the contributions will challenge undergraduate students of history or criminal justice. Exceptions include Constance Backhouse's study of a racially motivated murder of a member of the Onyota'a:ka (Oneida) First Nation in 1902, a case study that underscores the lack of research on race and law in Canadian history. Hamar Foster's examination of Indian title in British Columbia and John McLaren's article on Chinese criminality in British Columbia from 1890 to 1920 also have broader appeal than mainstream legal history. White society \"racialized\" the Chinese not only through stereotypes, but through criminal law and law enforcement, especially in the areas of gambling, prostitution and opium smoking. McLaren indicates that although the Chinese in British Columbia were subjected to legal and bureaucratic racism, police harassment and informal discrimination, as a \"despised minority\" they also appealed to the rule of law and the courts for protection. On a more mundane level they utilized the civil courts for disputed commercial transactions. Because most criminal convictions against the Chinese were summary offences, it was rare for them to surface in appeal courts. Yet according to McLaren, appellate judges in British Columbia were guided by law, not racial prejudice, in many of their rulings involving the Chinese.Pe","PeriodicalId":45057,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CANADIAN STUDIES-REVUE D ETUDES CANADIENNES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1999-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69600920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Challenging Territory: The Writing of Margaret Laurence]","authors":"Susan J. Warwick, C. Riegel","doi":"10.5860/choice.35-1964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.35-1964","url":null,"abstract":"Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1997.When Shakespeare's Juliet asked \"what's in a name?\" she entered a long and continuing conversation about the relationship between words and the world, about the self, identity and representation. In a postscript to a letter written in January 1961, Margaret Laurence asks her lifelong friend, Adele Wiseman, \"did I tell you - I've changed my name to Margaret?\" Named Jean Margaret by her parents, Laurence was known in her early years as Peggy, and it is this name that she forsakes in her letter to Wiseman claiming that \"it was Peggy I hated, so I have killed her off (I hope)\" (Lennox and Panofsky 129). Margaret Laurence, of course, was the name under which her first novel, This Side Jordan, had appeared in 1960, and it is the name under which all her subsequent work was published, work that justly earned Laurence respect and acknowledgement as one of Canada's foremost and accomplished writers. In The Life of Margaret Laurence, James King reflects on this postscript, first asking \"why did Margaret 'kill off' Peggy?\" then answering that \"Peggy was the girl she had been, whereas Margaret was the woman she aspired to be\" (151). While King sees this transition as \"sudden and violent, almost as if a change in personality would follow a change in name\" (Ibid.), the disjuncture between the two is subtly qualified by Laurence's parenthetical \"I hope.\" The name Margaret Laurence may have been adopted, but the relinquishing of all that had gone before was clearly not possible.Reading through the list of the above titles, it is this name, Margaret Laurence, that emerges as the constant element, and, in the language of the library catalogue, as the main subject of this review. But, as is always the case with any search for a subject, these eight works reveal that the ostensibly singular subject with which one begins cannot finally be apprehended or discerned in any single or uniform manner. Given the emphasis in literary theory and criticism over the past several decades on notions of plurality, multiplicity, heterogeneity and difference, to note that the writings of Margaret Laurence have been approached and interpreted in diverse ways may seem mundane, even unnecessary. However, the writings of Margaret Laurence are not all that is located under the main subject heading here. There is also the person who bore the name Margaret Laurence, and the life that she led. In this collection of recent works on the subject of Margaret Laurence we accordingly find two collections of essays on Laurence's writing, two works offering comparative discussion of Laurence alongside another writer, a structuralist reading of two of Laurence's Manawaka novels, two letter collections and a biography.Names and identity, subjects and subjectivity have received much critical scrutiny of late, and I introduce these issues at the outset of this review both to foreground the concerns this scrutiny has raised, and to suggest that they are of par","PeriodicalId":45057,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CANADIAN STUDIES-REVUE D ETUDES CANADIENNES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71055940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Political Activists: The NDP in Convention]","authors":"K. Archer, Alan Whitehorn, Rand Dyck","doi":"10.2307/3551529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3551529","url":null,"abstract":"Recent Work on Canadian Political InstitutionsRand DyckKeith Archer and Alan Whitehorn. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1997.Patrick Malcolmson and Richard Myers are among the political scientists who regret that the discipline has \"moved away from the study of government and political institutions in an attempt to explain political phenomena in terms of economic, sociological, psychological and anthropological phenomena.\" Instead, they argue, \"the starting point for a sound understanding of Canadian politics is to focus on the basic institutions of government.\" Three of the other four books in this varied collection do deal with government institutions - the public service, the House of Commons and the courts - while the fifth concerns a quasi-governmental institution, the New Democratic Party. This review can thus be said to examine recent books on Canadian political institutions, but not all of them depend on an institutional or neo-institutional approach.The Canadian Regime has about 200 pages of text and 50 pages of Constitution Acts, 1867 and 1982. Malcolmson and Myers aim for a \"short and clear account of Canadian government.\" Given the \"poor condition of civic education in contemporary Canada,\" their target audience is first-year political science students and ordinary citizens who want to be better informed. They hope \"to articulate the inner logic and coherence of the regime,\" that is, to explain the interactions among the political institutions as well as their underlying principles.The book is a fairly basic \"civics\" text, which briefly describes the constitution, federalism, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Crown, cabinet and prime minister, Parliament and the judiciary. It looks beyond this institutional base to include chapters on elections, political parties and \"interest groups, public opinion, and democratic citizenship.\" Although they eschew theoretical approaches beyond their affection for institutions, the authors make reference to Aristotle, Mill and Locke in their categorization of political regimes and in their discussion of the fundamental principles of equality and liberty. What they say is clearly written, necessarily condensed, and conventional; most theoretical questions are handled well; and while some of their examples are excellent, others are hypothetical when better \"real\" examples exist. They touch upon such controversial questions as the merits of majority and minority governments, the reserve powers of the Crown, fixed election dates, the federal spending power, Michael Mandel's critique of the legalization of politics, prime ministerial government, the principle of ministerial responsibility, the effectiveness of backbenchers, the Triple-E Senate, the effects of the single-member plurality electoral system, party ideology and the \"horse-race\" coverage of election campaigns.The book's main strength is its defence of the existing parliamentary system, with its executive dominance, party discipline, institu","PeriodicalId":45057,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CANADIAN STUDIES-REVUE D ETUDES CANADIENNES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1998-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3551529","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68703834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Canada: An American Nation?]","authors":"A. Smith, Edna Keeble","doi":"10.2307/2601868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2601868","url":null,"abstract":"In his March 1997 speech to the World Affairs Council in Los Angeles, Foreign Affairs Minister Lloyd Axworthy discussed the changing nature of the Canadian-American relationship. Axworthy stated that \"the world has experienced a profound geopolitical shift.... Countries are being forced to redefine their international relations. ... Nowhere is this process of redefinition more clear than our relationship with one another.\" Almost the exact words could have been said by William Lyon Mackenzie King (until 1946 the prime minister also held the External Affairs portfolio) about the altered nature of global politics at the end of the Second World War as the United States and the Soviet Union began to dominate the international arena; or by Mitchell Sharp in 1972 after the Trudeau government's adoption of the third option policy in reaction to the \"Nixon shock\" as the Bretton Woods system came under revision by the American administration; or by Joe Clark in 1989 after the Mulroney government was re-elected with a renewed mandate (arguably) to implement free trade, the Conservatives having spent their first mandate negotiating the bilateral trade agreement with the United States because of apparently increasing global protectionist trends. The point is that when Canadian foreign ministers talk about \"profound shifts\" and \"redefinitions\" in international relations, such talk must inevitably centre on the country's relationship with the United States.The pivotal importance of understanding Canadian-American relations quickly becomes obvious to any student of Canadian foreign policy. Trying to make sense of Canadian actions in the international arena inevitably means attempting to come to grips with the linkages between Ottawa and Washington. Given that the study of foreign policy, according to William Wallace,(f.1) is a \"boundary problem\" in two respects: it is an area of politics bordering the nation-state and its international environment, and it is a field of study embodying (at least) two academic disciplines, namely, the study of domestic government and politics and the study of international politics and diplomacy, how is this to be done? For those of us who have focussed our attention on international relations, the Canadian-American relationship can be little understood from the global events and trends that have become even more apparent with the end of the Cold War. Whether sharing similar ideological premises,(f.2) coming from the same civilization,(f.3) or being equally subject to (or subjects of) \"McWofid,\"(f.4) Canada and the United States are largely part of the same entity called the \"West,\" thus forcing us to question why it is that Canadian governments continue to pronounce and propagate the view that Canada is unique (particularly vis-a-vis the United States). The most recent manifestation of this can be found in the Chretien government's foreign policy statement, Canada in the World,(f.5) where along with the two objectives of promoti","PeriodicalId":45057,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CANADIAN STUDIES-REVUE D ETUDES CANADIENNES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2601868","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68548319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Hard Lessons: The Mine Mill Union in the Canadian Labour Movement]","authors":"J. Hull, D. Buse, Peter Suschnigg, M. Steedman","doi":"10.2307/25144128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/25144128","url":null,"abstract":"For nearly a generation now, Canadian labour history has gone beyond a simple identification of its task with the writing of the labour union history. The landmarks of the latter have long been familiar to all students of Canadian history: the 1872 legalization of trade unions, the Berlin Conference, IDIA, Winnipeg General Strike, PC 1003 and the Rand formula. To this list will likely be added the recent trend away from international unions marked by the creation of the Canadian Auto Workers (CAW). But it has been Braverman and not Harold Logan from whom labour historians have taken their marching orders.(f.1) Labour history has very much become working class history.The core of the discipline, like Caesar's Gaul, has been composed of three unequal-sized parts. The largest embraces studies of workplace control, the contested terrain of industrial capitalism. Drawing on the seminal work of Braverman, writers such as Radforth, Heron and the authors of the outstanding On the Job collection have given us a wealth of case studies on the work experience in a broad variety of settings.(f.2) The issue of skill has in particular been well explored, moving beyond simplistic models of de-skilling to more sophisticated understandings of the impact of new technologies and managerial strategies on the control of production at the shop floor level. Working-class culture forms the second part of labour history's core. Palmer, Fingard and many others have helped us to understand the lives of past workers within and beyond the workplace and how gender, ethnicity and other factors have textured those lives.(f.3) Finally, a minority of labour historians has continued to find the political history of labour to be of interest.(f.4) These three approaches can be seen together in one of the field's exemplary works, Kealey's well regarded Toronto Workers Respond to Industrial Capitalism.(f.5)While these developments place Canadian labour history in the mainstream of contemporary English-language labour historiography, finding uniquely Canadian aspects of the country's labour history has been more problematic. In his review essay on American labour history, Nellis challenged practitioners of that specialty to show how their work impinged on or was impinged upon by other debates and broader themes in national history.(f.6) A similar gauntlet could be thrown down on this side of the line. Kealey's own identification of continental economic integration and regional identities and federalism as \"account[ing] for that national uniqueness of the historical experience of our working class\"(f.7) has not been pursued. Pentland's ambitious thesis, though admired, has not defined overall chronological developments in a clear analytical framework;(f.8) thus Leir's recent regret over the lack of theory in the writing of labour history.(f.9) Perhaps the most promising candidate for an approach to this problem is national comparison. Similarities and contrasts with the United States are","PeriodicalId":45057,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CANADIAN STUDIES-REVUE D ETUDES CANADIENNES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/25144128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68816212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}