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Gerunds become prepositional infinitives in Romance Small Clauses: The effects of later Merge to the syntactic spine 动名词在浪漫小分句中成为介词不定式:后期合并对句法脊柱的影响
IF 0.6 2区 文学
Probus Pub Date : 2019-05-27 DOI: 10.1515/probus-2019-0003
Jan Casalicchio
{"title":"Gerunds become prepositional infinitives in Romance Small Clauses: The effects of later Merge to the syntactic spine","authors":"Jan Casalicchio","doi":"10.1515/probus-2019-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/probus-2019-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article offers a comparative analysis of “predicative” gerunds (“PGs”) and prepositional infinitives (“PIs”), focussing on perception constructions in Spanish (PGs) and European Portuguese (PIs). I demonstrate that these two constructions are diachronically related and that they still have a similar syntax. The evidence discussed suggests that both constructions are Small Clauses headed by a preposition of central coincidence. In PGs, this preposition is merged in a low aspectual projection and incorporates into the verb. In PIs, an evolution of PGs, it is merged later in the structure. This leads to a layering process, i.e. the splitting of a single head into a series of heads and transferring the semantics of one functional head to more heads. Thus, PIs have a more expanded structure than gerunds. Finally, further empirical evidence for this analysis is discussed, such as the insertion of adverbs and the use of sin (“without”) to negate the perceived event.","PeriodicalId":45039,"journal":{"name":"Probus","volume":"35 1","pages":"117 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84775617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Focus Fronting in Spanish: Mirative implicature and information structure 西班牙语的焦点前置:寓意与信息结构
IF 0.6 2区 文学
Probus Pub Date : 2019-05-27 DOI: 10.1515/probus-2018-0008
Silvio Cruschina
{"title":"Focus Fronting in Spanish: Mirative implicature and information structure","authors":"Silvio Cruschina","doi":"10.1515/probus-2018-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/probus-2018-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Romance, Focus Fronting (FF) is generally related to a contrastive or corrective function. In this paper, I show that Spanish may resort to FF to express a special evaluative meaning, namely, a mirative (conventional) implicature of surprise and unexpectedness. Mirative FF is problematic for the traditional analyses of FF because it is not necessarily contrastive and does not guarantee the traditional articulation of the sentence into a new and a given part. The results of a syntactic experiment on the distribution and interpretation of FF in European Spanish show that speakers accept FF not only in the corrective but also in the mirative context. The acceptability of mirative FF thus proves that FF in Spanish is not exclusively limited to contrast or linked to information-structural requirements such as the new-old information distinction. FF may also be used to express a mirative implicature that requires a set of focal alternatives in order to be interpreted correctly.","PeriodicalId":45039,"journal":{"name":"Probus","volume":"28 1","pages":"119 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81200369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Focus in Italian echo wh-questions: An analysis at syntax-prosody interface 意大利语中重音疑问句的语法韵律界面分析
IF 0.6 2区 文学
Probus Pub Date : 2019-05-27 DOI: 10.1515/probus-2017-0011
L. Badan, Claudia Crocco
{"title":"Focus in Italian echo wh-questions: An analysis at syntax-prosody interface","authors":"L. Badan, Claudia Crocco","doi":"10.1515/probus-2017-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/probus-2017-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, we propose an analysis of the so-called echo wh-questions in situ in Italian at syntax–prosody interface. We conduct a prosodic analysis under an experimental approach, showing that a focalized wh-word in echo wh-questions shows its own peculiar properties, different from informative and corrective focus, so that we can analyze it as an instance of Mirative focus. We demonstrate that the wh-word in echo wh-questions occupies a focus position in the low periphery of the clause. We also argue that this position has syntactic properties that, interlaced together with the prosodic properties, lead us to define the projection as a dedicated focus projection for Mirative focus. Crucially, the focus position within the low periphery activated in an echo wh-question, has different syntactic, prosodic and interpretive properties with respect to the informational focus, and to the corrective focus. Therefore, at a general level, our analysis strengthens the idea that partly different intonations and interpretations are associated to positions within the low periphery as opposed to the positions in the left periphery.","PeriodicalId":45039,"journal":{"name":"Probus","volume":"49 1","pages":"29 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81131454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Phases, labeling, antilocality and intonational phrases: recomplementation in Spanish 语相、标记、反定地和语调短语:西班牙语中的补语
IF 0.6 2区 文学
Probus Pub Date : 2019-05-21 DOI: 10.1515/probus-2019-0002
Gabriel Martínez Vera
{"title":"Phases, labeling, antilocality and intonational phrases: recomplementation in Spanish","authors":"Gabriel Martínez Vera","doi":"10.1515/probus-2019-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/probus-2019-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper addresses recomplementation (i.e. double-complementizer constructions) in Spanish, comparing Latin American Spanish (LAS) and European Spanish (ES). I make the novel observation that in spite of a superficial difference whereby a lower que after a left dislocate (LD) surfaces in ES but not in LAS, LAS does have recomplementation. In fact, LAS patterns with ES in that there are two constructions in each variety, i.e. a construction in which an intonational break following the LD is present and a construction in which the break is absent. I argue that the constructions with the break differ from the constructions without it with regard to reconstruction effects, no insertion and the position of high adverbs, which arise due to a locality violation in the former but not in the latter. I propose a syntactic analysis in terms of phases and argue that the locality violation is circumvented in the constructions with no break via verb movement, which is not possible in the constructions with the break. I further propose a mapping from the syntactic structures of recomplementation into prosody that correlates with the presence/absence of the intonational break in these constructions, hence providing prosodic evidence for phasal structure more generally.","PeriodicalId":45039,"journal":{"name":"Probus","volume":"1 1","pages":"187 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84146592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Fricative–affricate alternations in Catalan 加泰罗尼亚语中摩擦音和非擦音的交替
IF 0.6 2区 文学
Probus Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/PROBUS-2018-0002
E. Bonet, Maria-Rosa Lloret
{"title":"Fricative–affricate alternations in Catalan","authors":"E. Bonet, Maria-Rosa Lloret","doi":"10.1515/PROBUS-2018-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/PROBUS-2018-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Catalan has a [ʒ] ~ [t͡ʃ] alternation that has traditionally been viewed as the consequence of final affrication of an underlying /ʒ/, a fortition operation, followed by general devoicing of obstruents. This interpretation has been held in classical generative rule-based approaches and also in autosegmental models, amounting either to a highly specific process or, when an attempt is made to generalize it, to wrong predictions; these shortcomings are also applicable to optimality-theoretic analyses. Following ideas in (Wheeler, Max W. 2005. The phonology of Catalan. Oxford: Oxford University Press), we propose that underlying affricates are subject to intervocalic lenition triggered by independently motivated general constraints. Sequences of a stop followed by a fricative can become affricates but cannot be affected by lenition. The interaction between affricates and gemination is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":45039,"journal":{"name":"Probus","volume":"44 1","pages":"215 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76485750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Toward an understanding of apparent suppletion in Romance pronominal possessives 对浪漫主义代词所有格中明显补充的理解
IF 0.6 2区 文学
Probus Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/PROBUS-2018-0001
Richard S. Kayne
{"title":"Toward an understanding of apparent suppletion in Romance pronominal possessives","authors":"Richard S. Kayne","doi":"10.1515/PROBUS-2018-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/PROBUS-2018-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Italian pair *il luo libro vs. il suo libro (‘the his/her book’) that is typical of Romance lends itself to an account of the first in terms of constraints also seen in the syntax of compounding, and to an account of the second that links its s-, despite initial appearances, to what we think of as Romance reflexive s-. We might informally call this pair an instance of suppletion, as long as we recognize that calling it suppletion falls short of an account.","PeriodicalId":45039,"journal":{"name":"Probus","volume":"63 1","pages":"251 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84786436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Nominal ellipsis and prepositional modifiers in Portuguese: a phase-theoretic approach 葡萄牙语的名词性省略与介词修饰语:相位理论分析
IF 0.6 2区 文学
Probus Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/PROBUS-2018-0004
Eduardo Raposo
{"title":"Nominal ellipsis and prepositional modifiers in Portuguese: a phase-theoretic approach","authors":"Eduardo Raposo","doi":"10.1515/PROBUS-2018-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/PROBUS-2018-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Definite determiners in Portuguese are (pro)clitics. As such, they must attach to a full prosodic word at PF. This is achieved by an operation which “fuses” the determiner to the following lexical item. In anaphoric DPs with an elliptical noun modified by a prepositional phrase, fusion to a full preposition (P*) is not possible. This is accounted for by claiming that P*Ps are phases that are sent to Spell-Out as soon as they are formed (“early Spell-Out”); thus, they will not be accessible to fusion with the definite article at the phonological cycle of the higher phase and the derivation crashes because the definite article is not included in a prosodic word. PPs with the dummy preposition de ‘of’ can modify elliptical nouns since dummy de is arguably a morphological reflex of inherent Case assigned by the (elliptical) noun; thus, it does not constitute a phase together with its NP complement. The analysis is then extended to cases where the modifier of the elliptical noun is a clause.","PeriodicalId":45039,"journal":{"name":"Probus","volume":"137 1","pages":"277 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89145173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Frontmatter
IF 0.6 2区 文学
Probus Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/probus-2018-frontmatter2
R. A. Núñez, M. Authier, Fernando Martínez-Gil
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"R. A. Núñez, M. Authier, Fernando Martínez-Gil","doi":"10.1515/probus-2018-frontmatter2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/probus-2018-frontmatter2","url":null,"abstract":"ED/INDEXED IN Baidu Scholar · Cabell’s Directory · Clarivate Analytics: Arts & Humanities Citation Index; Current","PeriodicalId":45039,"journal":{"name":"Probus","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74710487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intervention effects in grammar and language acquisition 干预对语法和语言习得的影响
IF 0.6 2区 文学
Probus Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/PROBUS-2018-0006
L. Rizzi
{"title":"Intervention effects in grammar and language acquisition","authors":"L. Rizzi","doi":"10.1515/PROBUS-2018-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/PROBUS-2018-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Intervention effects have been thoroughly studied in formal syntax in the domain of weak islands. They also have recently been appealed to in the study of language acquisition, to capture certain difficulties that young children manifest in the mastery of some object A’-bar dependencies (relatives, questions, topicalizations). Can one unify such distinct utilizations of the concept of intervention under a single formal locality principle? This paper explores the possibility of a unitary approach by proposing solutions for observed discrepancies between the effects in adults and children, and more generally between the different utilizations of the concept of intervention in recent work on adult grammar and language acquisition. Relativized Minimality (RM) is seen as a formal principle penalizing configurations as a function of the distinctness between target and intervener in local relations, where distinctness is precisely expressed as a grammar-based notion. A unitary system consisting of RM and an explicit distinctness hierarchy is argued to be operative in intervention effects in grammar and language acquisition.","PeriodicalId":45039,"journal":{"name":"Probus","volume":"50 1","pages":"339 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82035537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
Unconditional readings and the simple conditional tense in Spanish: inferentials, future-oriented intentionals, future-in-the-past 无条件阅读和西班牙语中的简单条件时态:关联语，面向未来的意图语，过去时
IF 0.6 2区 文学
Probus Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.1515/PROBUS-2018-0005
M. Rivero, Ana Arregui
{"title":"Unconditional readings and the simple conditional tense in Spanish: inferentials, future-oriented intentionals, future-in-the-past","authors":"M. Rivero, Ana Arregui","doi":"10.1515/PROBUS-2018-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/PROBUS-2018-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper offers a compositional interpretation of Spanish simple conditional morphology (cantaría ‘would sing’) in independent sentences set within the semantic situations framework. It proposes that Spanish simple conditional morphology is composed of (a) a past component that encodes a topic situation, (b) a universal future operator with either an epistemic flavor or a temporal (i.e. historical) flavor /accessibility, and (c) a universal imperfective operator with a variety of flavors. Based on the interactions of these three components, the paper develops derivations for (1) past-oriented inferential readings that distinguish Spanish from French and Italian, (2) future-oriented conditionals involving past plans, which are apparently shared with French and Italian, and (3) future-in-the-past conditionals, where Spanish appears to resemble French and differs from Italian.","PeriodicalId":45039,"journal":{"name":"Probus","volume":"12 1","pages":"305 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86143774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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