Public Archaeology最新文献

{"title":"Ethical Considerations Associated with the Display and Analysis of Juvenile Mummies from the Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo, Sicily","authors":"Kirsty E. Squires, D. Piombino‐Mascali","doi":"10.1080/14655187.2021.2024742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14655187.2021.2024742","url":null,"abstract":"The Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo (Sicily) are a unique and culturally rich site utilized from the late sixteenth to mid-twentieth century. The Catacombs are home to the largest collection (n = 1,284) of partly or completely mummified remains in Europe, and the largest assemblage of juvenile mummies (n = 163) in Sicily. As a result, the site attracts thousands of visitors every year. This raises a number of ethical concerns in terms of the preservation, display, and scientific analysis of these mummies. This article will investigate the ethical challenges associated with the display and analysis of juvenile mummified individuals in the Capuchin Catacombs. Initially, ethical issues that arise when displaying mummified children at a visitor site will be explored. Subsequently, the value of adopting non-invasive techniques to answer highly focused, ethically grounded research questions will be addressed. Furthermore, this article will demonstrate the importance of transparent, open dialogue with religious groups and cultural heritage bodies in the study of juvenile mummies. Recommendations for best practice are provided at the end of this paper. These guidelines aim to ensure that juvenile mummies are displayed and analysed appropriately, whilst simultaneously respecting the beliefs and wishes of the living and deceased.","PeriodicalId":45023,"journal":{"name":"Public Archaeology","volume":"20 1","pages":"66 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44869805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"Tim Schadla‐Hall, F. Benetti, M. Oldham","doi":"10.1080/14655187.2021.2145035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14655187.2021.2145035","url":null,"abstract":"Two different sections compose this volume of Public Archaeology, the first one related to the relationship between archaeology, state/nationalism, and interpretative narratives; the second to the ethics of treatment and exhibition of ancient human remains. In the first paper, Louisa Campbell takes a novel approach to the study of replicas, whose importance has recently been explored by the University of Stirling and other researchers as part of the programme ‘New Future for Replicas’ (https:// replicas.stir.ac.uk/). Campbell investigates the narratives told through replicas in museums. The Antonine Wall Distance Sculptures represent a significant case study — as these Roman sculptures, found in Scotland, carried the Roman colonialist and propagandist message, but are now reframed in a narrative aimed at embracing different perspectives and intercultural connections. As part of the Rediscovering the Antonine Wall Project, young stonemasonry students emulated the original sculptures, creating new meaning and significance in connection with the local community. While the original reliefs depict naked local peoples subjugated by the Romans, the communities consulted as part of the project asked to include in the new monument a scene of local people fighting back against the invaders, and an image of trade. The creation of this sculpture flipped the original (Roman) state narrative that has also tended to be disseminated by traditional museums. The second paper focuses on the West Bank, and on the excavations that Moshe Dayan carried out when he was defence minister (1967–74). Mordechay Lash, Yossi Goldstein, and Itzhaq Shai investigate the impact that his actions and policy decisions had (and partly still have) on archaeology in Palestine. Through his personal connections and thanks to his position and reputation, Dayan looted a number of antiquities in the military-occupied Palestinian territory. This paper represents an important contribution to a better understanding of the interlinking between state politics and personalities, cultural policies and archaeology in Israel and the Middle East (see also Bernhardsson, 2005; Goode, 2007). In the third paper of the section, Gabriel Moshenska and others bring us back to Europe, and examine Rudyard Kipling’s poem The Land (1917), which was written in the Sussex Weald. The poem evokes the rural landscape and ‘Englishness’ in a nationalist narrative, and the authors investigate the ‘origin myth’ created by Kipling. The paper examines the interpretation of the past by one of the most important English writers and how it could serve as an inspiration for other ‘reception’ studies. public archaeology, Vol. 20 Nos. 1–4, February–November 2021, 1–2","PeriodicalId":45023,"journal":{"name":"Public Archaeology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46317180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When the Defence Minister was an Antiquities Enthusiast: Moshe Dayan’s Influence on Archaeology in the West Bank Following the Six-Day War","authors":"Mordechay Lash, Yossi Goldstein, Itzhaq Shai","doi":"10.1080/14655187.2022.2062639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14655187.2022.2062639","url":null,"abstract":"Moshe Dayan remains a popular personality who devoted most of his life to the Israeli state and whose military contributions have overshadowed his illegal activities in the field of archaeology. This article offers the first examination of Dayan’s impact on archaeology in the West Bank during his tenure as Israel’s defence minister (1967–74). Dayan moulded the military government in the West Bank in its early years and was involved in appointing the staff officers charged with managing civil affairs. His approach of granting rights to the Palestinians also found expression in his administration of the military government, and most workers in archaeological contexts were Palestinians. However, in parallel to his establishment of local order, Dayan conducted illegal excavations in plain sight of local residents and illegally acquired antiquities in the region. Upon catching antiquities thieves in the Hebron Hills, he purchased their findings and encouraged them to continue excavating, undoubtedly contributing to the high number of illicit excavations. During its early years, the antiquities department he established sought to reduce these thefts; however, Dayan, who held overall responsibility for its operations, sometimes acted in direct contravention of this policy, creating local anarchy whose impact is still felt today.","PeriodicalId":45023,"journal":{"name":"Public Archaeology","volume":"20 1","pages":"32 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43708869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reading Kipling’s The Land Through a Lens of Archaeology, Landscape, and English Nationalism","authors":"G. Moshenska, Dale Daykin, Yangmengsha Guo, Julia Schmidt, Elise Unwin, Jelena Wehr","doi":"10.1080/14655187.2020.2058764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14655187.2020.2058764","url":null,"abstract":"Rudyard Kipling was enchanted by the Sussex landscape surrounding his house, Bateman’s. Many of his stories and poems are set in this landscape, and draw on its rich history, archaeology, and folklore. In this paper we examine Kipling’s 1917 poem The Land, which weaves together strands of landscape archaeology and nationalist origin mythology. The Land is the story of a single Sussex field, its colonial landowners from Roman Britain to the present, and the generations of the peasant Hobden family who care for it. In examining the poem we consider the notions of Englishness that Kipling conjures, their disconnection from the realities of rural Sussex, their contexts of war and revolution, and the uses of archaeology in the creation of nationalist myth.","PeriodicalId":45023,"journal":{"name":"Public Archaeology","volume":"20 1","pages":"51 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42224082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who Owns the Dead? Legal and Professional Challenges Facing Human Remains Management in Turkey","authors":"Elifgül Doğan, L. Thys-Şenocak, Jody Joy","doi":"10.1080/14655187.2022.2070209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14655187.2022.2070209","url":null,"abstract":"The management of archaeological human remains poses numerous ethical and practical challenges for archaeologists and museum personnel throughout the world. While several countries have developed extensive legislation and guidelines to ensure best practice, Turkey has no specific laws concerning the management of archaeological human remains. The current heritage legislation defines all archaeological materials, including human remains, as state property, a position which makes engagement with stakeholders seeking shared ownership or repatriation of these remains problematic. In the absence of adequate legislation and professional guidelines, a wide range of ad hoc practices have developed among professionals whose dominance in decision-making processes leaves little room for inclusive museum management practices, such as stakeholder consultation, co-curation, the insurance of equal access to museums, and the promotion of human rights. Through a series of interviews with archaeologists and museum professionals, an online visitor survey with 780 participants, and on-site observations in four museums in Turkey, this article examines the existing management practices concerning archaeological human remains and sheds light on various professional biases that have discouraged effective community engagement with this issue in Turkey. This article is intended as a catalyst for further discussion about a topic which has been largely ignored in Turkey by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (TMoCT), museum personnel, and archaeologists.","PeriodicalId":45023,"journal":{"name":"Public Archaeology","volume":"20 1","pages":"85 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43614598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heritage and Nationalism: Understanding Populism through Big Data","authors":"Johan P. Enqvist","doi":"10.1080/14655187.2022.2093474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14655187.2022.2093474","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":45023,"journal":{"name":"Public Archaeology","volume":"20 1","pages":"63 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42033909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Brutish Museums: The Benin Bronzes, Colonial Violence and Cultural Restitution","authors":"Johanna Zetterström-Sharp","doi":"10.1080/14655187.2021.1903710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14655187.2021.1903710","url":null,"abstract":"(2019). The Brutish Museums: The Benin Bronzes, Colonial Violence and Cultural Restitution. Public Archaeology: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 184-187.","PeriodicalId":45023,"journal":{"name":"Public Archaeology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138516824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeological Heritage as a Resource for Development: Definitions, Issues, and Opportunities for Evaluation","authors":"Agathe Dupeyron","doi":"10.1080/14655187.2020.1808922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14655187.2020.1808922","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological heritage has significant impacts on development in the Global South. Projects have informed environmental policies or improved local communities’ prospects in managing their heritage resources, and sites promote local economic development through tourism. However, many of these development impacts are short-lived or disappointing due to a lack of critical awareness and tracing of how the project fits with local objectives and its consequences over time. This is related to inadequate or insufficient evaluation. This paper argues that the heritage sector has much to gain from considering evaluation problems through a development lens. It reviews how archaeology contributes to development, the successes and shortcomings of past efforts, and how evaluation can help. The paper then discusses public archaeology as a natural theoretical and methodological bridge between archaeology and international development, and examines the limits of current evaluation methods, which are not systematic or focus on a limited number of impacts. Looking ahead, the review recommends testing development evaluation methods in the context of archaeological projects to develop the toolbox of evaluation methods available in the heritage sector.","PeriodicalId":45023,"journal":{"name":"Public Archaeology","volume":"19 1","pages":"3 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14655187.2020.1808922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45078355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Disobedient Museum: Writing at the Edge","authors":"Amy Buono","doi":"10.1080/14655187.2021.1961423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14655187.2021.1961423","url":null,"abstract":"the term disobedience a bit differently, not so much to engage directly with museum and curatorial activism (though that is implied), but to provocatively question and probe the role of writing about those interstitial spaces between museums and political governance, activism, community engagement, and the academy. Message argues for a delib-erate self-awareness in trespassing these boundaries when writing about museums — this is the ‘ writing at the edge ’ of her subtitle –– as a desirable and important form of protest. What is the role of writing in progressing social justice? How does one write about museums to advance ethical reform, through, alongside, and sometimes against the fragmented disciplinary frameworks of museum studies? What role does the writer about museums play in weaving the conceptual threads of museum practice into the wider public fabric, beyond the museum walls, informing civic debate and activism? How does writing about activism that takes place around museums, and/or with activities and agendas that are ‘ museum-like ’ (4), constitute a form of disobedience? Be forewarned: this book is not necessarily interested in providing any tidy answers to such questions, but rather in making those questions visible, in giving voice to where and how museums sit in relation to sectors of society, and civic, cultural, political, and intellectual traditions and debates.","PeriodicalId":45023,"journal":{"name":"Public Archaeology","volume":"19 1","pages":"76 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48692785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"Tim Schadla‐Hall, F. Benetti, M. Oldham","doi":"10.1080/14655187.2020.2133263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14655187.2020.2133263","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of Public Archaeology presents three papers related to the complex relationship between archaeology and sustainable development, all centred on the American continent but adopting different perspectives. In the first paper, Agathe Dupeyron introduces the concepts of development and sustainability, and discusses the role that archaeology, and public archaeology in particular, can have in complementing efforts for development ventures. While potential economic, social, and environmental benefits can be harnessed, archaeology alone does not guarantee success, as argued also by P. Gould (2018). In this paper, Dupeyron analyses some of the elements that led to unsuccessful experiences, advocating for rigorous monitoring and evaluation frameworks which consider the interconnections between different impacts, often lacking in developing countries (and also in some Western countries: see Ripanti, 2019). Participatory evaluation methods, which are often utilized in the context of public archaeology and are in line with the ethos of such projects, could provide monitoring frameworks capable of adapting to the different and changing conditions of each country. Claire Novotny gives a practical example of the challenges that international cooperation can encounter, in the second paper of this issue. The author draws from her personal experience in Belize to highlight power imbalances between different stakeholders over the control of the past. While the local communities should be ‘natural’ stakeholders, Novotny’s experience shows that community archaeology initiatives can sometimes be looked at with hesitation both by those who are in charge of the management of archaeological sites and by the communities themselves, which obviously include different views. Alongside achieving scientific outcomes, the Aguacate Community Archaeology Project empowered the local community to use the site primarily for their own benefit and priorities (identified in that case with the need for a leisure space for local families to enjoy). The paper showcases the complexity of the negotiations that the team had to establish with different stakeholders. This element should be taken into account by funders of archaeology projects abroad: on one hand, the time and costs to build relationships and networks should be recognized; on the other hand, the efforts of building these networks should be supported by long-term funding projects (in contrast to the vast majority of funding streams which privilege short-term projects). Claire Novotny concludes her paper with reflections on post(?)-colonial archaeology, and the role that archaeologists can have in mediating public archaeology, Vol. 19 Nos. 1–4, February–November 2020, 1–2","PeriodicalId":45023,"journal":{"name":"Public Archaeology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47233064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}