Sport in History最新文献

{"title":"Cornish wrestling in the nineteenth century","authors":"Michael Tripp","doi":"10.1080/17460263.2022.2101022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2022.2101022","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During the first half of the nineteenth century the Cornish economy was thriving, dominated by the metal mining industry. When the economy was thriving Cornish wrestling was at the height of its popularity when a large number of wrestlers entered numerous tournaments for lucrative prizes and witnessed by large crowds. It was also the time when the sport flourished in London. The leading wrestler during this period was Tom Gundry, who in a relatively short career won many of the tournaments in Cornwall, Devon and London and consequently was able to amass a significant sum in prize money. Despite his prominence he occasionally resorted to match-fixing or ‘faggoting’ with his opponents. During the second half of the nineteenth century, however, there was a collapse of the economy which had a deleterious effect upon Cornish wrestling with decreases in numbers of wrestlers, tournaments, prize money and spectators. The sport also disappeared from London. The common thread running throughout the nineteenth century is a ‘persistence of difference’. Cornwall’s historical experience was different from the rest of Britain and that difference has persisted over time and has led to a unique identity. Cornish wrestling contributed to the construction of that identity.","PeriodicalId":44984,"journal":{"name":"Sport in History","volume":"43 1","pages":"137 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48437981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public history and the British Society of Sports History: opportunities and challenges","authors":"K. Taylor, Fiona Skillen, Margaret Roberts","doi":"10.1080/17460263.2022.2103176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2022.2103176","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article explores the importance of sports history societies sharing their research with a broader audience. It draws on our own experiences and highlights examples of the work done by other British Society of Sports History members to disseminate their research through ‘traditional’ methods such as films, radio, and exhibitions and digital means, for example, Playing Pasts. However, the paper's aim is not simply self-congratulatory; it also focuses on the need to broadcast sports history to a younger audience, including those studying in further education. In considering how to ensure the survival of sports history as a subject, we, as members of sports history societies, need to engage the next generation of sports historians. This article considers the importance of doing so and the difficulties of this. With universities under increasing pressure and history departments facing significant cuts, ensuring the relevance and importance of our subject has never been more critical. This article makes some suggestions of how to do this and challenges sports history societies to reflect on what else they could do.","PeriodicalId":44984,"journal":{"name":"Sport in History","volume":"42 1","pages":"526 - 547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46451893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRV hosts the queen: family history, memory and hockey’s proud heritage","authors":"Jean Williams, David Lewis-Earley, Kay Biscomb, Katie Dodd","doi":"10.1080/17460263.2022.2098371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2022.2098371","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mary Russell Vick OBE (1922–2012) first came to fame as a prolific goalscorer for the England women's hockey team after selection in 1947, and later an indomitable sports leader. Methodologically, this article incorporates oral history sources from her daughters Christabel, Susan and Rosemary, combined with written sources left by Mary Russell Vick (MRV) at Bath University and at The Hockey Museum (THM) Woking. These mixed sources provide family insights into her life as a well-travelled pioneer administrator and family-oriented careerist. After World War Two MRV was a significant figure in the evolution of women's hockey, not least due to her initiation of annual internationals at Wembley, which ran from 1951 until 1991. One of Russell Vick's proudest moments was hosting the Queen at the 1981 Wembley international. As President of the AEWHA for ten years MRV guided women's hockey during a period of rapidly evolving change away from its amateur roots. At the same time, she served on the inaugural Olympic Hockey Board, having persuaded the home countries to form the Great Britain and Ireland Committee in 1977 to send teams to future Olympic Games. This article will show how Mary's life, career, and leadership in hockey were groundbreaking.","PeriodicalId":44984,"journal":{"name":"Sport in History","volume":"43 1","pages":"332 - 353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46857280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘The enemy within': football hooliganism and the Miners' Strike","authors":"Thomas Campbell","doi":"10.1080/17460263.2022.2091654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2022.2091654","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During the 1980s Margaret Thatcher’s government attempted to reduce the economic power of the industrial working class by legislating against the trade unions and defeating the 1984–85 Miners’ Strike, which saw her brand the miners as the ‘enemy within’. At the time English football was an important part of male working-class culture, particularly for northern industrial workers and was coming under attack from the Government and press over football hooliganism. It has often been argued that Thatcher’s trade union policies were designed to break the economic power of the industrial working class. If, through comparison, a link between this policy and the treatment of football supporters is found it will determine whether this conflict had a cultural aspect. Scholars have anecdotally made this link previously, but there has not been sufficient analysis of the comparison. This treatment will not analyse any actual links between the trade union movement and football supporters, but will focus on the Government and press treatment of football and trade unions and assess whether the Government was seeking to bind the two issues together.","PeriodicalId":44984,"journal":{"name":"Sport in History","volume":"43 1","pages":"81 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59999636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bannister in parliament: sport, synecdoche, and national identity","authors":"Mike Milford, Taylor J. Hendrickson","doi":"10.1080/17460263.2022.2092201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2022.2092201","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 1954, Parliament was divided over Roger Bannister’s appearance on an American television programme and how it would portray the nation to the world. This moment, and others like it across the decades, show Bannister to be a significant figure in the collective British identity, and as such, one in need of careful examination. The following work examines statements from both Houses positioning Bannister as synecdoche, a rhetorical device in which a single instance or representative is used as archetype of the larger whole. Findings from this examination revealed two themes: first, Bannister’s newfound glory reflected the best of Britain, and second because of the first, his status, and by proxy Britain’s status, should be carefully managed. These findings demonstrate the ways in which Parliament used Bannister to idealise, shape, and manage British identity. To conclude, we consider how athletes like Bannister may serve such purposes.","PeriodicalId":44984,"journal":{"name":"Sport in History","volume":"43 1","pages":"195 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47393053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction: racism, protest, and the antecedents of the Black Lives Matter movement in the world of sports","authors":"A. Burns","doi":"10.1080/17460263.2022.2106296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2022.2106296","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since the untimely death of 17-year-old Trayvon Martin just over a decade ago in Sanford, Florida, the sporting world has been at the forefront of calls for racial justice and a focal point for a number of high-profile athlete-led protests. Many of these protests have formed part of the wider Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement that erupted in the aftermath of the controversial investigation into Martin’s death, which saw Martin’s shooter, George Zimmerman, acquitted in July 2013 and sparked widespread uproar across the United States. Though BLM is by far the largest activist response to these events (and the wider problems of racial injustice in the US), as the co-editors of a recent special issue of Sport and Society noted, athlete activism in response to Martin’s death predated the formation of BLM, with major sporting stars such as LeBron James of the National Basketball Association (NBA) taking to social media to demand justice within weeks of the fatal shooting. Perhaps the most influential and imitated protest of this period came when National Football League (NFL) player, Colin Kaepernick, ‘took a knee’ during the US national anthem in 2016 in an overt display of his dissatisfaction at the state of racial (in)justice in the United States. This form of protest was later replicated not just by Kaepernick’s teammates and other US teams across various sports, but internationally. Indeed, the murder of George Floyd in 2020 saw widespread renewal of ‘taking a knee’ against racial injustice in competitions that often had no US involvement at all, such as the Union of European Football Associations’ (UEFA) Euro 2020 soccer tournament. Yet, as BLM and the sporting world’s related protests grew in both scale and controversy, supporters and detractors inevitably began to draw links between these modern manifestations of sporting activism and historical precedents. In 2017, Bernice King, the daughter of Dr Martin Luther King, Jr., tweeted two spliced images that made the historical resonance of Kaepernick’s","PeriodicalId":44984,"journal":{"name":"Sport in History","volume":"42 1","pages":"315 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42685720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Australian cricket, race, and First Nations Australians: the past and present","authors":"Chelsea Litchfield, Jaquelyn Osborne, Tracey Gale","doi":"10.1080/17460263.2022.2100459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2022.2100459","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Games and sport during the colonial period in Australia were rarely hospitable to First Nations people. However, the first Australian cricket team to tour England in 1868 were predominantly First Nations men. While such a tour might appear to be a ‘triumph' for race relations in Australia, the details of the tour and treatment of the young men were haunting. The 1868 tour has been glorified in contemporary cricket circles, however, despite this, the promotion of the game to First Nations Australians is relatively recent. Over the last decade, Australian cricket has attempted to combat racism and promote First Nations player development through initiatives such as their Reconciliation Action Plan. One example of promoting the Black Lives Matter message and anti-racism has been carried out by Australia's national women's cricket team and the women's national T20 competition. In 2020, the Australian women cricketers made a conscious decision to promote the Black Lives Matter movement by engaging in a ‘barefoot circle' to acknowledge country before each match. This manuscript will explore the importance of the Australian women cricketers' actions and advocacy against the backdrop of Australia’s history and interactions with First Nations Australians in cricket.","PeriodicalId":44984,"journal":{"name":"Sport in History","volume":"42 1","pages":"384 - 404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46384272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sports Illustrated tackles drugs in sports: examining the influence of a seminal magazine series","authors":"Bryan E. Denham","doi":"10.1080/17460263.2022.2083219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2022.2083219","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 1969, author Bil Gilbert wrote a three-part series on performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) for Sports Illustrated. Garry Valk, publisher of the magazine, characterised the series as ‘the first comprehensive and authoritative study of a vastly complicated problem.’ This study examined the influence of the Gilbert series on newspaper coverage of PEDs and the reactions of policymakers to both the magazine investigation and subsequent newspaper reporting. Coverage of amphetamines and anabolic steroids increased significantly in the three years following the series, while references to anti-inflammatory drugs and painkillers decreased. These patterns reflected an apparent shift from restorative aids to additive substances following the magazine investigation. Additionally, one in three sources cited in Sports Illustrated served as a news source in subsequent press coverage, and some of those sources then testified at government hearings held at the state and national levels. Government hearings on PEDs appeared to function more symbolically than substantively, as did anti-drug campaigns and resolutions in sporting organisations. The study considers implications for sport history and the regulation of performance-enhancing drugs.","PeriodicalId":44984,"journal":{"name":"Sport in History","volume":"43 1","pages":"234 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42732766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Attitude of Turkish Physicians Toward COVID-19 Vaccination and the Effects of Vaccination on Their Mental Health.","authors":"Barış Sancak, Cenk Kılıç, Ürün Özer Ağırbaş","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2022.21287","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2022.21287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study aims to investigate the willingness of physicians for the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination, factors contributing to their attitude, and the effects of vaccination on their mental health. It is conducted online with physicians between February 17 and March 17, 2021, corresponding to a period of at least 1 month after the first dosage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sociodemographic and professional characteristics are investigated along with coronavirus disease 2019 experiences. The Fear of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Scale, Attitudes Toward the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine, The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Beck Hopelessness Scale are given to evaluate the effects on mental health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 578 participants, the total vaccination rate was 91.5% and the main reason for non-vaccination is being already infected by coronavirus disease 2019. Vaccination affected mental health positively in more than half of the participants (59.2% in the vaccinated group). Advanced age (odds ratio = 0.985, <i>P</i> < .05), positive attitude toward vaccination (odds ratio = 0.918, <i>P</i> < .001), and high fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (odds ratio = 0.937, <i>P</i> = .001) were among the predictors of being positively affected by the vaccination. Fear of coronavirus disease 2019 was positively correlated with hopelessness (<i>r</i> = .239, <i>P</i> < .001), depression (<i>r</i> = 0.387, <i>P</i> < .001), and anxiety (<i>r</i> = 0.531, <i>P</i> < .001). The negative thoughts about the vaccination were found to be correlated with hopelessness levels (<i>r</i> = -0.093, <i>P</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Physicians have positive attitudes toward vaccination and vaccination has positive effects on their mental health. As vaccination is a key point during the fight against the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, studies on vaccination and its effects on mental health gained importance. The role of physicians in this regard is inevitable.</p>","PeriodicalId":44984,"journal":{"name":"Sport in History","volume":"36 1","pages":"149-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11099624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82031302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flashpoint: how a little-known sporting event fuelled America’s anti-apartheid movement; Pitch battles: sport, racism and resistance, by Peter Hain and Andre Odendaal","authors":"Malcolm MacLean","doi":"10.1080/17460263.2022.2073026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2022.2073026","url":null,"abstract":"Published in Sport in History (Vol. 42, No. 3, 2022)","PeriodicalId":44984,"journal":{"name":"Sport in History","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}