Stem Cells and Cloning-Advances and Applications最新文献

{"title":"A Response to Article \"Hypoxia Effects in Intervertebral Disc-Derived Stem Cells and Discus Secretomes: An in vitro Study\" [Letter].","authors":"Ratih Rinendyaputri, Ariyani Noviantari, Lisa Andriani Lienggonegoro","doi":"10.2147/SCCAA.S391016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SCCAA.S391016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44934,"journal":{"name":"Stem Cells and Cloning-Advances and Applications","volume":" ","pages":"63-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/74/40/sccaa-15-63.PMC9590353.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40452596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Application of Stem Cells in the Repair of Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Dagnew Getnet Adugna,&nbsp;Hailu Aragie,&nbsp;Anteneh Ayelign Kibret,&nbsp;Daniel Gashaneh Belay","doi":"10.2147/SCCAA.S369577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SCCAA.S369577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic brain injury is the main cause of injury-related deaths and disabilities throughout the world, which is characterized by a disruption of the normal physiology of the brain following trauma. It can potentially cause severe complications such as physical, cognitive, and emotional impairment. In addition to understanding traumatic brain injury pathophysiology, this review explains the therapeutic potential of stem cells following brain injury in two pathways: response of endogenous neurogenic cells and transplantation of exogenous stem cell therapy. After traumatic brain injuries, clinical evidence indicated that endogenous neural progenitor cells might play an important role in regenerative medicine to treat brain injury. This is due to an increased neurogenic regeneration ability of these cells following brain injury. Besides, exogenous stem cell transplantation has also accelerated immature neuronal development and increased endogenous cellular proliferation in the damaged brain region. Therefore, a better understanding of the endogenous neural stem cell's regenerative ability and the effect of exogenous stem cells on proliferation and differentiation ability may help researchers to understand how to increase functional recovery and tissue repair following injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":44934,"journal":{"name":"Stem Cells and Cloning-Advances and Applications","volume":" ","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f5/c5/sccaa-15-53.PMC9289752.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40610965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Inhibitor and Hypoxia Synergistically Enhance the Self-Renewal, Survival Rate, and Proliferation of Human Stem Cells.","authors":"Sarah Alsobaie,&nbsp;Tamador Alsobaie,&nbsp;Sakis Mantalaris","doi":"10.2147/SCCAA.S365776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SCCAA.S365776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>High-efficacy single-cell cloning of human-induced pluripotent cells (IPSCs) remains a major challenge. The development of a culture method that supports single-cell passaging while maintaining reproducibility, homogeneity, scalability, and cell expansion to clinically relevant numbers is necessary for clinical application.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address this issue, we combined the use of the rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 and hypoxic conditions in culture to produce a novel, efficient single-cell culture method for human IPSCs and embryonic stem cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Through immunocytochemistry, alkaline phosphatase assays, and flow cytometry, we demonstrated that our method enabled high single-cell proliferation while maintaining self-renewal and pluripotency abilities.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We showed the beneficial effect of the interaction between hypoxia and ROCK inhibition in regulating cell proliferation, pluripotency, and single-cell survival of pluripotent cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":44934,"journal":{"name":"Stem Cells and Cloning-Advances and Applications","volume":" ","pages":"43-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d3/85/sccaa-15-43.PMC9259205.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40590859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficiency for in vitro Transfection of Goat Undifferentiated Spermatogonia Using Lipofectamine Reagents and Electroporation","authors":"W. Nakami, J. Nguhiu-Mwangi, A. N. Kipyegon, M. Ogugo, C. Muteti, Stephen Kemp","doi":"10.2147/SCCAA.S356588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SCCAA.S356588","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Spermatogonial stem cells (SSC), also referred to as undifferentiated spermatogonia, are the germline stem cells responsible for continuous spermatogenesis throughout a male’s life. They are, therefore, an ideal target for gene editing. Previously, SSC from animal testis have been isolated and transplanted to homologous recipients resulting in the successful reestablishment of donor-derived spermatogenesis. Methods Enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene transfection into goat SSC was evaluated using liposomal carriers and electroporation. The cells were isolated from the prepubertal Galla goats testis cultured in serum-free defined media and transfected with the eGFP gene. Green fluorescing of SSC colonies indicated transfection. Results The use of lipofectamineTM stem reagent and lipofectamineTM 2000 carriers resulted in more SSC colonies expressing the eGFP gene (25.25% and 22.25%, respectively). Electroporation resulted in 15% ± 0.54 eGFP expressing SSC colonies. Furthermore, cell viability was higher in lipofectamine transfection (55% ± 0.21) as compared to electroporation (38% ± 0.14). Conclusion These results indicated that lipofectamine was more effective in eGFP gene transfer into SSC. The successful transient transfection points to a possibility of transfecting transgenes into male germ cells in genetic engineering programs.","PeriodicalId":44934,"journal":{"name":"Stem Cells and Cloning-Advances and Applications","volume":"15 1","pages":"11 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42915187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoxia Effects in Intervertebral Disc-Derived Stem Cells and Discus Secretomes: An in vitro Study","authors":"Romaniyanto, F. Mahyudin, C. Prakoeswa, H. Notobroto, D. Tinduh, Ryan Ausrin, F. Rantam, H. Suroto, D. Utomo, S. Rhatomy","doi":"10.2147/SCCAA.S363951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SCCAA.S363951","url":null,"abstract":"Background This study aimed to investigate the effects of hypoxia and normoxia preconditioning in rabbit intervertebral disc-derived stem cells (IVDSCs) and discus-derived conditioned medium (DD-CM)/secretomes in vitro. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have a role in the proliferation, development, differentiation, and migration of MSCs. Materials and Methods Intervertebral discs were isolated from rabbit and incubated in normoxia and hypoxia 1%, 3%, and 5% (hypoxia groups) condition. Cell counting was performed after 24 hours of manipulation, then analyzed using one-way ANOVA. TGF-β1, PDGF, FGF, and VEGF were measured using the ELISA. Results The highest number of cells was in the hypoxia 3% preconditioning compared to the normoxia, hypoxia 1%, and hypoxia 5% groups. Hypoxia 3% also had the highest increase in PDGF protein production compared to normoxia, with hypoxia 1% and 5%. Among hypoxia groups, the highest secretions of VEGF and FGF proteins were in the hypoxia 3% group. Based on TGF-β1 protein measurement, the hypoxia 1% group was the highest increase in this protein compared to other groups. Conclusion Oxygen level in hypoxia preconditioning has a role in the preparation of IVDSCs and secretome preparation in vitro. The highest cell numbers were found in the treatment group with 3% hypoxia, and 3% hypoxia was significantly related to support IVDSCs preparation. Preconditioning with 3% hypoxia had higher PDGF and VEGF levels than other hypoxia groups.","PeriodicalId":44934,"journal":{"name":"Stem Cells and Cloning-Advances and Applications","volume":"15 1","pages":"21 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47622381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukins Profiling in Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Secretome.","authors":"Angliana Chouw, Cynthia Retna Sartika, Tiana Milanda, Ahmad Faried","doi":"10.2147/SCCAA.S356763","DOIUrl":"10.2147/SCCAA.S356763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs)-derived secretome is currently used in regenerative therapy. MSCs are believed to secrete a wide spectrum of bioactive molecules which give paracrine effects in immunomodulation and regenerative capacities. One group that was found in secretome is interleukins (ILs), a cytokine that plays an essential role in the process of proliferation, differentiation, maturation, migration, and adhesion of immune cells. However, as there are many types of ILs, the profile of ILs in the UC-MSCs-derived secretome has been limitedly reported. Therefore, in this study, we would like to profile and detect the interleukin concentration secreted by UC-MSCs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>UC-MSCs-derived secretome was collected from UC-MSCs passage 5 after 24- and 48-hour incubation (n=9). Secretome was filtered using 0.2 µm and stored at -80°C for further detection. All samples were normalized before the interleukin (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A) detection using a MACSPlex Cytokine Kit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IL-6 has the highest concentration among other interleukins in both groups and increases significantly (<i>p</i><0.003) after incubation for 48 hours. The pro-inflammatory factors are decreasing while anti-inflammatory factors are increasing after 48-hour incubation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our studies show that the UC-MSCs secrete pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukins. The concentration of anti-inflammatory interleukins shows to be increasing, while the pro-inflammatory interleukins are decreasing within the longer incubation time, but this not be applicable for IL-10 and IL-6. IL-6 has the highest concentration among other ILs. These results may provide important clues regarding when is the right time for secretome to be used in therapy patients, because all the molecules in the secretome can lead to many clinical manifestations.</p>","PeriodicalId":44934,"journal":{"name":"Stem Cells and Cloning-Advances and Applications","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9015105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41686380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Mesenchymal Stem Cells Influence Keloid Recurrence?","authors":"Wanjala Ferdinand Nang'ole,&nbsp;Anzala Omu,&nbsp;Julius A Ogeng'o,&nbsp;George W Agak","doi":"10.2147/SCCAA.S373551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SCCAA.S373551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been postulated by a number of authors to be the precursor cells of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in keloids. They have been seen as a regenerative pool that ensures a steady supply of cells. The objective of our study was to determine MSCs in keloids and normal skin as a determinant of keloid recurrence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a longitudinal prospective study in which patients with keloid excisions of their specimens analyzed for MSC. A control group of patients matched for age, sex, and body-mass index (BMI) with no history of keloids admitted for elective surgical procedures had their skin samples taken and also analyzed for MSCs. Data collected were analyzed and compared using Student's <i>t</i>, <i>x</i> ², and Fisher's exact <i>t</i> tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 61 patients with keloids and a control group of 32 patients were recruited. The male:female ratio was 1:2 and mean age 29.5 and 29.7 years for keloids and controls, respectively. Patients with recurrent keloids had a mean density of 841.4 MSCs/g compared to 578 MSCs/g of tissue for those with no recurrence and 580 MSCs/g for patients with normal skin. Recurrent keloids had a significantly higher percentage of MSCs than those without.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Keloids compared to normal skin had a higher percentage of MSCs, with recurrent keloids demonstrating an even higher count, a possible indicator that MSCs might correlate with severity of keloid disease and recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":44934,"journal":{"name":"Stem Cells and Cloning-Advances and Applications","volume":"15 ","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/03/f6/sccaa-15-77.PMC9784453.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10802827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-Analysis: The Clinical Application of Autologous Adult Stem Cells in the Treatment of Stroke.","authors":"Noora Hassani,&nbsp;Sebastien Taurin,&nbsp;Sfoug Alshammary","doi":"10.2147/SCCAA.S344943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SCCAA.S344943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The disease is caused by reduced blood flow into the brain resulting in the sudden death of neurons. Limited spontaneous recovery might occur after stroke or brain injury, stem cell-based therapies have been used to promote these processes as there are no drugs currently on the market to promote brain recovery or neurogenesis. Adult stem cells (ASCs) have shown the ability of differentiation and regeneration and are well studied in literature. ASCs have also demonstrated safety in clinical application and, therefore, are currently being investigated as a promising alternative intervention for the treatment of stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven studies have been systematically selected and reviewed to determine if autologous adult stem cells are effective in the treatment of stroke. Collectively, 368 patients were enrolled across the 11 trials, out of which 195 received stem cell transplantation and 173 served as control. Using data collected from the clinical outcomes, a broad comparison and a meta-analysis were conducted by comparing studies that followed a similar study design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Improvement in patients' clinical outcomes was observed. However, the overall results showed no clinical significance in patients transplanted with stem cells than the control population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most of the trials were early phase studies that focused on safety rather than efficacy. Stem cells have demonstrated breakthrough results in the field of regenerative medicine. Therefore, study design could be improved in the future by enrolling a larger patient population and focusing more on localized delivery rather than intravenous transplantation. Trials should also introduce a more standardized method of analyzing and reporting clinical outcomes to achieve a better comparable outcome and possibly recognize the full potential that these cells have to offer.</p>","PeriodicalId":44934,"journal":{"name":"Stem Cells and Cloning-Advances and Applications","volume":"14 ","pages":"81-91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f7/10/sccaa-14-81.PMC8721025.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39912761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Patients: Review.","authors":"Dagnew Getnet Adugna","doi":"10.2147/SCCAA.S333800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SCCAA.S333800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus-2019 disease is a newly diagnosed infectious disease, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2. It spreads quickly and has become a major public health problem throughout the world. When the viral structural spike protein binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor of the host cell membrane, the virus enters into host cells. The virus primarily affects lung epithelial cells or other target cells that express angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors in COVID-19 patients. Chemokines released by the host cells stimulate the recruitment of different immune cells. A cytokine storm occurs when a high amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced as a result of the accumulation of immune cells. In COVID-19 patients, cytokine storms are the leading cause of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent and self-renewing adult stem cells, which are obtained from a variety of tissues including bone marrow, adipose tissue, Warthon's jelly tissue, and amniotic fluid. Mesenchymal stem cells primarily exert their important therapeutic effects through 2 mechanisms: immunoregulatory effects and differentiation capacity. Mesenchymal stem cells can release several cytokines via paracrine mechanism or by direct interaction with white blood cells such as natural killer cells, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages, resulting in immune system regulation. Mesenchymal stem cells may help to restore the lung microenvironment, preserve alveolar epithelial cells, prevent lung fibrosis, and treat pulmonary dysfunction that is caused by COVID-19 associated pneumonia. Mesenchymal stem cells therapy may suppress aggressive inflammatory reactions and increase endogenous restoration by improving the pulmonary microenvironment. Furthermore, clinical evidence suggests that intravenous injection of mesenchymal stem cells may radically reduce lung tissue damage in COVID-19 patients. With the advancement of research involving mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of COVID-19, mesenchymal stem cells therapy may be the main strategy for reducing the recent pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":44934,"journal":{"name":"Stem Cells and Cloning-Advances and Applications","volume":"14 ","pages":"71-80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/13/eb/sccaa-14-71.PMC8590837.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39629973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic and Functional Responses of Human Decidua Basalis Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells to Lipopolysaccharide of Gram-Negative Bacteria.","authors":"Ghofran Hasan Alshareef,&nbsp;Afrah E Mohammed,&nbsp;Mohammed Abumaree,&nbsp;Yasser S Basmaeil","doi":"10.2147/SCCAA.S332952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SCCAA.S332952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human decidua basalis mesenchymal stem cells (DBMSCs) are potential therapeutics for the medication to cure inflammatory diseases, like atherosclerosis. The current study investigates the capacity of DBMSCs to stay alive and function in a harmful inflammatory environment induced by high levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DBMSCs were exposed to different levels of LPS, and their viability and functional responses (proliferation, adhesion, and migration) were examined. Furthermore, DBMSCs' expression of 84 genes associated with their functional activities in the presence of LPS was investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that LPS had no significant effect on DBMSCs' adhesion, migration, and proliferation (24 h and 72 h) (p > 0.05). However, DBMSCs' proliferation was significantly reduced at 10 µg/mL of LPS at 48 h (p < 0.05). In addition, inflammatory cytokines and receptors related to adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation were significantly overexpressed when DBMSCs were treated with 10 µg/mL of LPS (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicated that DBMSCs maintained their functional activities (proliferation, adhesion, and migration) in the presence of LPS as there was no variation between the treated DBMSCs and the control group. This study will lay the foundation for future preclinical and clinical studies to confirm the appropriateness of DBMSCs as a potential medication to cure inflammatory diseases, like atherosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":44934,"journal":{"name":"Stem Cells and Cloning-Advances and Applications","volume":"14 ","pages":"51-69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/da/b2/sccaa-14-51.PMC8572118.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39711388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}